稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗生长影响的研究

目的 探讨添加稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗以及移栽后铁皮石斛苗的生长的影响,寻找能显著促进铁皮石斛生长发育的稀土元素,以获得品质优良的铁皮石斛苗.方法 以铁皮石斛小苗为外植体,通过添加不同浓度硝酸镧、硝酸铈的培养基上进行培养,并对其性状特征、生理活性、移栽后生长状况等进行统计比较研究.结果 通过90 d的培养后,添加稀土元素组别的铁皮石斛的鲜质量、根数、株高、叶绿素含量均高于空白组,分蘖数低于空白组,而且随着硝酸镧和硝酸铈浓度的增高,铁皮石斛组培苗的鲜质量、株高、根数、叶绿素含量基本呈递增的趋势,分蘖数呈递减的趋势,硝酸铈浓度为40 mg/L时,其鲜质量、根数、株高最大,分蘖数最少;铁皮石斛移栽培养30 d后,稀土元素组比空白组中的存活率和抽芽率高,硝酸铈为40 mg/L时其生长情况最佳;一定浓度的稀土元素La 、Ce能增强铁皮石斛组培苗的T-SOD酶、CAT酶活性和根系活力,添加10.0～40.0 mg/L La3+,SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性均呈现先增后降的趋势;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L Ce3+,SOD酶活性逐渐增强,但CAT酶活性在Ce3+10～ 30.0 mg/L时逐渐增强,40.0 mg/L时又稍下降;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L La3+,根系活力呈先增后降的趋势,10～ 30.0mg/L时根系活力逐渐上升,40.0 mg/L时略有下降;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L Ce3+,根系活力逐渐上升,40.0mg/L时最高.结论 稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗的生长及T-SOD酶、CAT酶活性和根系活力均有较显著的影响,本文结果为铁皮石斛组培苗的壮苗以及品质的提高提供了依据.     

铁皮石斛1-羟基-2-甲基-2-(E)-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶基因的克隆与表达分析

目的从铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale中克隆1-羟基-2-甲基-2-(E)-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶[1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphatereductase,HDR]基因,并分析其在铁皮石斛不同组织中的表达差异以及不同信号分子诱导下的表达模式。方法采用RT-PCR和RACE等方法获得铁皮石斛HDR基因(Do HDR)全长,利用DNAMAN和MEGA6.0对其他物种的HDR基因编码的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析和进化关系分析,使用实时荧光定量分析HDR基因的表达模式。结果成功获得Do HDR基因,Gen Bank登录号为KC344827,全长1 658 bp,编码460个氨基酸,与其他科属植物的同源性达到80%以上。Do HDR基因在铁皮石斛叶片中表达量最高,从高到低依次是根、茎、原球茎;且受到脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)信号分子的诱导。结论从铁皮石斛中获得Do HDR基因,为进一步阐明铁皮石斛萜类化合物合成途径中该基因的重要作用奠定了理论基础。     

The Effects of Pre‐Exercise Ginger Supplementation on Muscle Damage and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Ginger possesses analgesic and pharmacological properties mimicking non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We aimed to determine if ginger supplementation is efficacious for attenuating muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following high‐intensity resistance exercise. Following a 5‐day supplementation period of placebo or 4 g ginger (randomized groups), 20 non‐weight trained participants performed a high‐intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercise protocol to induce muscle damage. Markers associated with muscle damage and DOMS were repeatedly measured before supplementation and for 4 days following the exercise protocol. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed one repetition maximum lift decreased significantly 24 h post‐exercise in both groups (p < 0.005), improved 48 h post‐exercise only in the ginger group (p = 0.002), and improved at 72 (p = 0.021) and 96 h (p = 0.044) only in the placebo group. Blood creatine kinase significantly increased for both groups (p = 0.015) but continued to increase only in the ginger group 72 (p = 0.006) and 96 h (p = 0.027) post‐exercise. Visual analog scale of pain was significantly elevated following eccentric exercise (p < 0.001) and was not influenced by ginger. In conclusion, 4 g of ginger supplementation may be used to accelerate recovery of muscle strength following intense exercise but does not influence indicators of muscle damage or DOMS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铁皮石斛多糖对高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的优化铁皮石斛多糖提取工艺,研究其对高糖诱导的静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)的保护作用机制。方法在单因素实验基础上,利用响应面法优化多糖的提取工艺;体外培养HUVEC细胞,将对数生长期的细胞分为空白对照组、正常血糖组、高糖刺激组和不同铁皮石斛多糖浓度+高糖刺激组,分别作用24和48 h后,采用MTT法检测的HUVEC凋亡的影响,用RT-PCR法检测内皮细胞Bax、Bcl-2的表达情况。结果铁皮石斛多糖提取的最优条件为:提取次数为2.8次,液(m L)料比(g)15.75∶1,提取时间2 h,在此条件下,理论计算提取率达到25.1%,实测提取率为24.9%,与模型高度拟合。与正常组相比,高糖组抑制细胞的生长,增强Bax的表达,抑制Bcl-2的表达,在高糖诱导下,铁皮石斛多糖促进细胞生长,抑制Bax的表达,增强Bcl-2的表达。结论通过响应面法优化的工艺,得率高,提取效果好。铁皮石斛多糖可通过抑制高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞Bax的表达,增强Bcl-2的表达,从而抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡,在一定程度上可防治糖尿病血管病变。     

糖尿病大鼠的肾脏肥大和尿EGF变化

本文观察了大黄对链脲菌素所致糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大、尿表皮生长因子(EGF),以及肾功能的影响.结果表明,糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大和尿EGF呈明显相关性,大黄抑制肾脏肥大,其尿EGF排泄量也明显降低;同时肾小球滤过率降低,大黄并能部分地减少近曲小管Na~+的再吸收.说明大黄抑制肾脏肥大的作用与大黄减少肾EGF生成和近曲小管增殖和肥大有关.     

生姜酊的制备和质量控制

目的：制备生姜酊并建立其质量控制方法。方法：以乙醇为溶媒,采用浸渍法提取生姜中的有效成分姜辣素制备生姜酊;并选用香草醛作对照标准,用紫外分光光度法测定生姜酊主要成分姜辣素的含量。结果：对照品香草醛检测浓度的线性范围为2—10ug·ml^-1（r=0．9997）,平均回收率为99．88％（RSD=1．08％,n=5）。结论：生姜酊的制备工艺简单,质量控制方法可行。     

铁皮石斛居群差异的研究（Ⅰ）——植物体形态结构的差异

目的：比较分析广西，贵州，云南三省区的铁皮石斛主要居群形态结构的差异。方法：运用光镜对铁皮石斛茎进行比较解剖。结果：将采集到的我国铁皮石斛主产区的主要居群分为二种类型：F型和H型。F型植株的茎相对短而柔软，具粘性，适宜加工成铁皮枫斗；其中广西西林居群和云南广南居群茎的表皮具有较丰富的蜡质，不具下皮层，横切面上维管束密度小，维管束内外侧纤维群不发达，茎尤为柔软，是加工铁皮枫斗的优质居群。H型植株的茎较长，质地较硬，粘性差，不适宜加工成铁皮枫斗。结论：F型和H型居群铁皮石斛茎的形态结构具有明显差异，弄清铁皮石斛居群差异对指导铁皮石斛的采收、加工以及大面积人工繁殖具有重要意义。     

生大黄联合连续性血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔高压疗效

目的 探讨生大黄联合连续性血液滤过在治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发腹腔高压(IAH)中的疗效.方法 SAP并发IAH患者67例分为3组:A组19例,采用常规治疗;B组23例,在常规治疗基础上加用生大黄水保留灌肠,每日3次,直至肠道功能恢复后停药;C组25例,在B组治疗基础上,行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗.观察3组患者治疗后第1、3、5、7天的腹内压变化;开始排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、和首次排便开始24h内排便次数以及治疗后第7天的APACHEⅡ评分和ICU停留时间.结果 C组腹内压降低、肠功能恢复、治疗后第7天的APACHEⅡ评分和ICU停留时间均明显优于A、B组,B组优于A组(P＜0.05).结论 生大黄水保留灌肠治疗SAP并发IAH患者,可有效降低腹内压,促进肠功能恢复,联合CVVH则疗效更佳.     

Medical Plant Extract Purification from Cadmium(II) Using Modified Thermoplastic Starch and Ion Exchangers

Pure compounds extracted and purified from medical plants are crucial for preparation of the herbal products applied in many countries as drugs for the treatment of diseases all over the world. Such products should be free from toxic heavy metals; therefore, their elimination or removal in all steps of production is very important. Hence, the purpose of this paper was purification of an extract obtained from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and cadmium removal using thermoplastic starch (S1), modified TPS with poly (butylene succinate); 25% of TPS + 75% PBS (S2); 50% of TPS + 50% PLA (S3); and 50% of TPS + 50% PLA with 5% of hemp fibers (S4), as well as ion exchangers of different types, e.g., Lewatit SP112, Purolite S940, Amberlite IRC747, Amberlite IRC748, Amberlite IRC718, Lewatit TP207, Lewatit TP208, and Purolite S930. This extract is used in cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and point of zero charge analysis were used for sorbent and adsorption process characterization, as well as for explanation of the Cd(II) sorption mechanism.     

正品大黄中34种化学成分的高效液相色谱法定量分析

本文首次报道了应用高效液相色谱仪测定大黄中34种化学成分的方法,并用此法测定三种正品大黄:唐古特大黄(林棵黄)Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.,掌叶大黄R.palmatum L.和药用大黄(马蹄大黄)R.foficianle Baill.根和根茎中34种化学成分的含量,包括5种游离蒽醌、12种蒽甙、5种芪甙、3种苯丁酮甙、2种萘酚甙和7种鞣质化合物。结果表明:唐古特大黄含有除蒽醌及其单糖甙外的其他成分最多;其次为掌叶大黄,但掌叶大黄含有的游离蒽醌及其单糖甙最多;药用大黄的根茎,各种成分的含量均最少。