Evaluation of the Role of Merromoside from Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal Hydroalcoholic Extract in the Downregulation of ROS Species in Overcoming MDR in Breast Cancer

Purpose: The medicinal plant Ipomoea aquatica belonging to convulvulaceae family is an effective natural herb for treatment of various ailments and possesses effective anticancer activity. The aim of the work is to characterize a secondary metabolite merromoside (a resin glycoside) for anti-breast cancer activity through down regulation of ROS species. Methods: The Extract of the whole plant has been prepared by maceration method using 50%v/v ethanol in distilled water to get a hydroalcoholic extract. The phytochemical evaluation reveals that the active secondary metabolite was isolated by using column chromatographic technique. The isolated compound was evaluated for its anticancer properties through invitro method such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Cell lines. The purity and structural characterization were done by high-performance thin layer chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Proton and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Results: The isolated compound (W04) from the derived extract showed Rf value of 0.79 that showed IC50 of 182.8μg/ml. The chemical structure of W04 has been confirmed as [4,5-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-6-[(24,25,26-trihydroxy-5,23-dimethyl-9-oxo-19-pentyl-2,4,8,20,22-pentaoxatricyclo[19.2.2.13,7]hexacosan-6-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 2-methyl propanoate with the molecular weight of 979.15268. The isolated compound merromoside from hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica has been evaluated for anti-breast cancer properties. The down regulation of ROS species will prevent reverse signalling and angiogenesis. This indicates that merromoside will overcome MDR in breast cancer especially DOX-resistant.     

制何首乌的炮制方法探索

目的:考察黑豆汁炖制时间对制何首乌外观性状及各类有效成分含量变化规律的影响。方法:采用HPLC同时测定不同炮制时间制何首乌样品中二苯乙烯苷、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷的含量,选择Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C_(18)色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0～30 min,5%～100%A; 30～40 min,100%A),流速1. 0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,检测波长280 nm。结果:随炖制时间的增加,二苯乙烯苷含量逐渐降低,与8 h时相比,至64 h时含量降低76%;大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷2种蒽醌苷含量先上升后下降,至24 h时达最高值,炖制40 h时降至与8 h近似的水平,之后略有波动;大黄素、大黄素甲醚2种蒽醌苷元含量先上升后下降,炖制32 h时达最大值,之后缓慢降低并趋于稳定。结论:炖制时间对制何首乌中各类成分含量的影响显著,且变化趋势不尽相同,应规范制何首乌饮片的炮制时间;同时,仅以二苯乙烯苷及蒽醌类成分作为制何首乌的指标性成分依据不够充分,应考虑增加多糖类等质量控制指标。     

Indole alkaloid glycosides with a 1′-(phenyl)ethyl unit from Isatis indigotica leaves

Seven indole alkaloid glycosides containing a 1′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl unit (1–7) were isolated from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica leaves (da qing ye). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis combined with enzymatic hydrolysis as well as comparison of their experimental CD (circular dichroism) and calculated ECD (electrostatic circular dichroism) spectra. Based on analysis of ${\left[\alpha \right]}_{\text{D}}^{20}$ and/or Cotton effect (CE) data of 1–7, two simple roles to assign location and/or configuration of β-glycopyranosyloxy and 1′-(phenyl)ethyl units in the indole alkaloid glycosides are proposed. Stereoselectivity in plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1–7 is discussed. Compounds 3 and 4 and their mixture in a 3:2 ratio showed activity against KCNQ2 in CHO cells. The mixture of 5 and 6 (3:2) exhibited antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1 PR8 with IC₅₀ 64.7 μmol/L (ribavirin, IC₅₀ 54.3 μmol/L), however, the individual 5 or 6 was inactive. Preliminary structure–activity relationships were observed.     

不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响

目的研究不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响,为选择何首乌炮制辅料提供依据。方法分别采用5种不同炮制辅料制备制何首乌,高效液相色谱法按照2015年版中国药典中制何首乌成分含量测定方法分别测定制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷、游离蒽醌的含量,比较不同炮制辅料对何首乌中药效成分含量的影响。结果炮制辅料基本都会降低制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷和游离蒽醌的含量。不同炮制辅料制备的制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量从高到低依次为空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌>甘草汁制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌,游离蒽醌含量从高到低依次为甘草汁制何首乌>空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌。不同炮制辅料制备的何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量均高于2015年版中国药典中的要求,而游离蒽醌含量均未达到2015年版中国药典中的要求。结论不同炮制辅料对制何首乌中药效成分含量的影响不同。     

藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用

目的:研究藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷(PhGCs)对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用。方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分为常氧空白(等容灭菌注射用水)组、缺氧模型(等容灭菌注射用水)组、地塞米松(4 mg/kg)组与PhGCs高、中、低剂量(400、200、50mg/kg)组。复制模型前6 d ig给药,ig给药第4 d起除常氧空白组外,其余各组大鼠均置于模拟海拔8 000 m的高原环境,连续缺氧暴露72 h以复制大鼠高原脑水肿模型。苏木精-伊红染色后光镜下观察大鼠脑组织病理改变;干湿质量法测定大鼠脑含水量;测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清中与脑组织中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量。结果:与常氧空白组比较,缺氧模型组大鼠脑组织出现明显水肿,细胞和血管周围腔隙增宽,可见炎性细胞浸润;大鼠脑含水量增加;大鼠脑组织MDA含量增加,SOD、GSH活性减弱;大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与缺氧模型组比较,PhGCs高、中、低剂量组大鼠脑组织炎症细胞浸润程度减轻,脑含水量减少;PhGCs高、中剂量组大鼠脑组织MDA含量减少,SOD、GSH活性增强,大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:PhGCs能明显减轻由急性缺氧所致大鼠急性脑损伤状态,对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿有一定改善作用。     

桂林产银杏叶最佳采收期的研究

目的通过对桂林地区的银杏叶Ginkgo Folium一年内的总黄酮苷与总内酯量检测,分析总黄酮和总内酯的比例变化规律,找到最佳"酮酯比",为确定桂林地区银杏叶药材的最佳采收期提供科学的实验依据。方法使用回流提取法提取样品中总黄酮苷和总内酯,使用HPLC法对其进行定量分析,色谱柱为Ultimate XB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);总黄酮测定采用甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(48∶52)为流动相;测波长360 nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min。总内酯测定以甲醇-四氢呋喃-水(25∶10∶65)为流动相;蒸发光散射检测器检测;体积流量0.6 m L/min。结果桂林地区产银杏叶药材,在1年内不同采收期银杏叶总黄酮苷和总内酯量差异较大,但8月份2种有效部位量均较高,二者量比例最小。结论 8月份为桂林地区银杏叶的最佳采收季节,为指导桂林产银杏叶的采收提供实验依据。     

赤芍总苷、川芎总酚酸组分组成结构对缺氧损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞的影响

目的: 研究赤芍总苷、川芎总酚酸组分不同组成结构对连二亚硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₄)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)缺氧损伤模型的保护作用,并参照基线等比增减法,设计不同组分组成结构,优化出最佳的组分结构。 方法: 采用 Na₂S₂O₄ 体外诱导HUVEC,建立细胞损伤模型。采用MTT比色法测定细胞活力,试剂盒测定细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量、一氧化氮(NO)含量,通过Western blot检测了各组细胞Bcl-2,Bax蛋白的表达量。 结果: 与模型组比较,赤芍总苷组分、川芎总酚酸组分不同组成结构可显著提高SOD活力,降低MDA,LDH,NO含量 (P<0.01,P<0.05)。芍芎组分可以下调Bax蛋白的表达量,上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达量,Bcl-2/Bax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),抑制细胞凋亡。结果显示赤芍总苷、川芎总酚酸组分组成结构比例为8:2时,对缺氧损伤的内皮细胞保护作用最好。 结论: 芍芎组分可以减轻HUVEC的缺氧损伤,8:2组分组成时保护作用最为明显,其机制可能与其抗氧化和抑制细胞凋亡 有关。     

滋肾清肝代平方中7种成分血药浓度的测定及其在大鼠体内的药代动力学分析

目的:建立UPLC-MS-MS同时测定大鼠血浆中2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,1-脱氧野尻霉素和决明子苷、红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷、橙黄决明素、甲基钝叶决明素、白藜芦醇的分析方法,研究大鼠服用滋肾清肝代平方后的药代动力学特征。方法:采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离源,扫描方式为多反应离子监测。结果:7种成分在大鼠血浆中线性关系良好,提取回收率94.83%~106.58%,日内、日间精密度和准确度良好。7种成分在模型组大鼠中的药时曲线下面积、末端半衰期、达峰时间、清除率、表观分布容积、药峰浓度分别为(326.65±26.66)μg·L-1·h-1,(3.64±1.69)h,0.33 h,(60.56±5.32)L·h-1·kg-1,(325.13±167.18)L·kg-1,(169.25±18.02)μg·L-1。结论:该方法特异、快速、准确、灵敏,可用于滋肾清肝代平方在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

正交试验法优选补肾祛瘀颗粒的提取工艺

目的:优选补肾祛瘀颗粒的提取工艺,为该制剂的工业化生产提供参考。方法:采用UV测定总多糖和总黄酮含量,检测波长分别为489,510 nm;采用HPLC测定二苯乙烯苷含量,流动相乙腈-水(22∶78),检测波长320 nm。以总多糖得率为指标,通过正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取次数、醇沉浓度对水提工艺的影响;以总黄酮、二苯乙烯苷提取量和浸膏得率的综合评分为指标,通过正交试验考察提取时间、提取次数、乙醇用量及体积分数对醇提工艺的影响。结果:最佳水提工艺为加12倍量水浸泡1 h,回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,醇沉浓度80%;总多糖得率8.682%。最佳醇提工艺为加10倍量80%乙醇回流3次,每次1.5 h;总黄酮和二苯乙烯苷提取量分别为660.19 mg·g-1和145.91μg·g-1,浸膏得率11.81%。结论:优选的提取工艺合理可行,为补肾祛瘀方的临床推广与应用提供实验依据。