The life of Henry Jeanneret (1802–1886). Pioneer Australian dentist

Henry Jeanneret was a pioneer Australian dentist, perhaps the first in this country to promote the discipline of dentistry as distinct from medicine and general surgery. This profile describes his early life and training, his emigration to Australia, his clinical practice in Sydney and in Van Diemen's Land, and his contributions to natural history, particularly in the field of botany.     

Forensic botany II,DNA barcode for land plants: Which markers after the international agreement?

The ambitious idea of using a short piece of DNA for large-scale species identification (DNA barcoding) is already a powerful tool for scientists and the application of this standard technique seems promising in a range of fields including forensic genetics. While DNA barcoding enjoyed a remarkable success for animal identification through cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) analysis, the attempts to identify a single barcode for plants remained a vain hope for a longtime. From the beginning, the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) showed a lack of agreement on a core plant barcode, reflecting the diversity of viewpoints. Different research groups advocated various markers with divergent set of criteria until the recent publication by the CBOL–Plant Working Group. After a four-year effort, in 2009 the International Team concluded to agree on standard markers promoting a multilocus solution (rbcL and matK), with 70–75% of discrimination to the species level. In 2009 our group firstly proposed the broad application of DNA barcoding principles as a tool for identification of trace botanical evidence through the analysis of two chloroplast loci (trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF) in plant species belonging to local flora. Difficulties and drawbacks that were encountered included a poor coverage of species in specific databases and the lack of authenticated reference sequences for the selected markers. Successful preliminary results were obtained providing an approach to progressively identify unknown plant specimens to a given taxonomic rank, usable by any non-specialist botanist or in case of a shortage of taxonomic expertise. Now we considered mandatory to update and to compare our previous findings with the new selected plastid markers (matK + rbcL), taking into account forensic requirements.Features of all the four loci (the two previously analyzed trnH-psbA + trnL-trnF and matK + rbcL) were compared singly and in multilocus solutions to assess the most suitable combination for forensic botany.Based on obtained results, we recommend the adoption of a two-locus combination with rbcL + trnH-psbA plastid markers, which currently best satisfies forensic needs for botanical species identification.     

Forensic botany as a useful tool in the crime scene: Report of a case

The ubiquitous presence of plant species makes forensic botany useful for many criminal cases. Particularly, bryophytes are useful for forensic investigations because many of them are clonal and largely distributed. Bryophyte shoots can easily become attached to shoes and clothes and it is possible to be found on footwear, providing links between crime scene and individuals. We report a case of suicide of a young girl happened in Siena, Tuscany, Italia. The cause of traumatic injuries could be ascribed to suicide, to homicide, or to accident. In absence of eyewitnesses who could testify the dynamics of the event, the crime scene investigation was fundamental to clarify the accident. During the scene analysis, some fragments of Tortula muralis Hedw. and Bryum capillare Hedw were found. The fragments were analyzed by a bryologists in order to compare them with the moss present on the stairs that the victim used immediately before the death. The analysis of these bryophytes found at the crime scene allowed to reconstruct the accident. Even if this evidence, of course, is circumstantial, it can be useful in forensic cases, together with the other evidences, to reconstruct the dynamics of events.     

开放式教学在药用植物学与生药学实验教学中的应用

开放式教学是以学生主动探索、发现、获取知识为目的的一种教学方式,它通过教学系统和社会系统的结合,实现理论知识和实践知识之间的融合。在药用植物学和生药学实验教学的教学环境、教学内容、墼学过程和评价体系中引入开放式教学,使枯燥、抽象的专业知识变得生动、具体,从而激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性,巩固学生所学的专业理论知识,有利于培养学生的合作能力、实践能力和创新能力。     

Trifolium L. – A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile

Plants from the genus Trifolium have been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. In Turkish folk medicine, for example, some Trifolium species are used for their expectorant, analgesic, antiseptic properties and also to treat rheumatic aches. Some species are also grown as pasture crops for animals in the Mediterranean. The high quercetin concentration and soyasaponin occurrence make the seeds of some Trifolium species a potential source of health beneficial phytochemicals for use in human nutrition. However, Trifolium pratense has also gained popularity due to research into its use for the treatment for menopausal symptoms. This paper provides an overview of the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Trifolium species. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁中医药大学大连校区药用植物资源调查

目的:为了配合药学院各专业学生对《药用植物学》的学习,我们对大连校区的药用植物资源做了详细的调查。方法:通过实地调查、标本收集、数码拍照、查阅资料、专家咨询等方法对大学校园内的药用植物资源进行调查。结果:大连校区共有药用植物128种,其中蕨类植物1种、裸子植物3种、双子叶植物种107种、单子叶植物17种。结论:通过调查,我们进一步了解了校区内的药用植物资源现状,做到了理论联系实际,学以致用,并为开展药用植物学课间实习、开设综合、设计性实验及第二课堂创造了条件。     

药用植物学野外实习教学方法和综合测评方式的改革与创新

结合科学研究的方法，立足山东药用植物资源，强化药用植物学野外实践环节，改革传统的教学方法和考核手段，采取分组带着专题实习、普遍认药与专题调查相结合、标本采制与药材鉴定相结合、专业实践与社会调研相结合等的教学方法。初步建立了综合学生论文成绩考查、药用植物认知考核、标本制作规范考评、社会调研情况和实习纪律等综合测评的考核方法体系。     

吴其浚及其《植物名实图考》对植物学的贡献

清代植物学家和药物学家吴其浚,视研究植物学和药物学为自己终生之抱负,亲自到各地搜集资料,博览群书参阅八百余种古代文献,对植物进行详细考察.所撰《植物名实图考》等著作绘图精良逼真,对同名异物或同物异名考订详细,国内外多次出版,广为收藏.目前,植物学中文名中,约有10个科和55个属均沿用该书选载之名。     

在药用植物实践教学中培养学生的学习创新能力

根据21世纪对人才培养的新要求,在药用植物实践教学中注重教学内容的先进性和科学性与多种教学方式的探索,从内容和形式上科学、合理安排,加强学生学习能力和创新能力的基本素质培养。