Dry eye signs and symptoms in aromatase inhibitor treatment and the relationship with pain

PurposeAromatase inhibitors (AIs) limit the synthesis of oestrogen in peripheral tissues thus lowering levels of oestrogen. The primary aim was to evaluate whether women treated with AIs have altered dry eye symptoms and signs. A sub-aim was to investigate whether symptoms of dry eye in postmenopausal women were associated with symptoms of non-eye pain, ocular pain and self-rated pain perception.MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational, single visit study recruited 56 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.1 + 7.9 years) and 52 undergoing AI treatment (mean age 66.6 + 9.0). Ocular symptoms (OSDI, MGD14) and pain questionnaires (PSQ, OPAS) were administered and signs of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction were evaluated.ResultsAlmost half of each group reported dry eye symptoms, defined as OSDI>12 (48% control, 46% AI). The PSQ score was significantly higher in the AI group (p = 0.04). Neither frequency or severity of dry eye (or MGD) symptoms scores were significantly different between groups. In the AI group, meibomian gland expressibility score was worse (p = 0.003); there were no differences in any other signs. Higher OSDI scores were associated with higher OPAS eye-pain scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), but not OPAS non-eye pain (r = 0.09, p = 0.35). Pain perception (PSQ) showed a moderate positive association with OPAS eye-pain (r = 0.30, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study elevated ocular symptoms were observed in both the AI treated and the untreated groups, with no difference between the groups. Women undergoing AI treatment for early stage breast cancer had worse meibum expressibility score and increased pain perception compared to an untreated group of women.     

甘油止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量测定

目的建立GC法测定甘油止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量方法,为甘油止痒洗剂质量控制提供有效的分析手段。方法色谱柱:以Zebron ZB-Wax(0.32 mm×30.0 m,0.50μm)毛细管柱为色谱柱,柱温为60℃,以8℃/min速率升温至160℃,保温10 min,进样口温度180℃,FID检测器,检测器温度300℃。空气流速为300 m L/min,分流比为20∶1。进样量1μL。结果苯酚和薄荷脑的线性范围分别是0.5~10、0.25~5 mg/m L,回归方程分别是A=1 260.1×103C-121.9×103(r=0.999 9)和A=1 288.8×103C-72.3×103(r=0.999 9)。苯酚和薄荷脑的平均回收率分别为99.7%(RSD=0.68%)和99.51%(RSD=0.63%)。结论该方法简单,结果准确可靠,可用于止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量测定。     

Verification on the Developmental Toxicity of Short-term Exposure to Phenol in Rats

Objective To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.Methods The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level(DWEL). Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg body weight(b.w.)from implantation(the 6 th day post-mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section(the20 th day of pregnancy). The following information was recorded: general behavior; body weight;number of corpus luteum, live birth, fetus, stillbirth, and implantation; fetal gender; body weight; body length; tail length; and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams.Results In the 60 mg/kg b.w. dose group, the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses, suggesting maternal toxicity. Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from30 mg/kg b.w., and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group, which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses. However, the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Despite using the same method as the US EPA, a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d) was obtained in this study.     

不同枸杞子中枸杞多糖的含量分析

目的 分析不同枸杞子样品中枸杞多糖的含量. 方法采用硫酸苯酚法测定. 结果 不同种枸杞子中多糖含量顺序是:云南枸杞>宁夏枸杞>柱筒枸杞>枸杞>新疆枸杞>截萼枸杞>北方枸杞>黄果枸杞>黑果枸杞>红枝枸杞. 不同产地枸杞子样品含量顺序是:宁夏>新疆>内蒙古>青海>河北>陕西>山西>甘肃. 栽培枸杞子样品枸杞多糖含量大于野生样品. 结论 枸杞子中的枸杞多糖含量:栽培样品高于野生;宁夏及其周边地区和全国主要栽培基地产的样品高于其他地区. 宁夏枸杞(种)的样品高于其他种.     

酚试剂分光光度法测定工作场所空气中甲醛的方法优化

目的 优化<工作场所空气有毒物质检测脂肪族醛类化合物>(GBZ/T160.54-2007)中甲醛的酚试剂分光光度法的实验条件.方法 分析酚试剂浓度、显色剂酸溶解条件、入射光波长、显色温度和显色时间等因素对实验结果的影响并加以优化.结果 该方法的检出限为0.017 mg/L,最低检出浓度为0.029 mg/m3(以采集3L空气计),线性范围0.05～5.0 mg/L.结论 该方法检出限低、灵敏度优、线性范围宽,在一般室温条件下无须恒温水浴.     

日本血吸虫酚氧化酶抗原诱导免疫对病鼠肝脏病理变化的影响

目的观察日本血吸虫酚氧化酶天然蛋白抗原诱导免疫对病鼠肝脏的病理变化.方法将42 d活成虫置于含0.05%戊巴比妥钠的RPMI 1640培养基中孵育8 h后洗净,匀浆,超声粉碎、低温高速离心,将含酚氧化酶的上清液进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,嗣后分别在两侧切取胶宽约1 cm进行酶染色,解剖刀准确切下相应的未染色的凝胶.冻干后碾成粉末,高速电动匀浆成浆糊状,冷浸过夜.高速离心得上清即为日本血吸虫酚氧化酶粗抗原.设立3组进行免疫实验:实验组、佐剂对照组和空白对照组.初次免疫后第2、4周,各重复1次加强免疫,最后1次免疫10 d后用新鲜逸出尾蚴(40±1)条/鼠进行攻击感染.42 d剖杀动物,观察日本血吸虫感染小鼠肝脏的病理变化.结果与对照组相比,酚氧化酶免疫实验组小鼠肝脏表面较光滑,隐约可见少量灰白色小点,肝色泽略带灰色,质地较软;压片观察小鼠肝脏内虫卵集聚数量明显减少,且以未成熟虫卵为主.肝脏内伴少量肝细胞坏死,细胞浸润不明显,可见较多未成熟卵周围无肉芽肿反应.小鼠肝组织内虫卵肉芽肿的平均直径和面积比对照组小鼠肝组织内虫卵肉芽肿的平均直径和面积明显减小,两组间差异有非常显著性(P<0.01).结论日本血吸虫酚氧化酶蛋白具抗原性,能诱导宿主一定的抗血吸虫病的免疫保护性作用.     

医院科室空气中汞和甲醛的检测与分析

目的对6家医院牙科诊室和病理室空气中汞和甲醛进行检测。方法用大型气泡吸收管采集空气样品,氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定空气中汞的含量,酚试剂分光光度法测定甲醛含量。结果 6所医院牙科诊室空气中汞浓度为：0.0013～0.0054μg/m3,均未超出国家标准;6家医院病理室空气中甲醛浓度为0.02～1.90 mg/m3,有2家医院病理室空气中甲醛浓度超出了国家卫生标准。结论应加强对汞和甲醛这两种污染物的防护,减少摄入汞和甲醛的机会,保护医务工作者的健康。     

Phenol and para-substituted phenols electrochemical oxidation pathways

The electrochemical behaviour of phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, dopamine, and para-substituted phenolic compounds, 4-ethylphenol, tyrosine, and tyramine, was studied over a wide pH range using a glassy carbon electrode. The oxidation of phenol is pH dependent and irreversible, occurring in one step, and followed by hydrolyse in ortho- and para-positions, leading to two oxidation products, catechol and hydroquinone. The oxidation of phenol oxidation products, ortho-phenol and para-phenol, is reversible and pH dependent. The oxidation potential of para-substituted phenols varies slightly due to their substituent group in position C4, and occurs in one oxidation step corresponding to the oxidation of phenol. The oxidation products of this group of para-substituted phenols are reversibly oxidised and adsorb on the electrode surface.     

应用布鲁氏菌酚不溶性组分(PI)治疗慢性布鲁氏菌病84例的临床观察

在国内首次应用布鲁氏菌酚不溶性组分(PI)治疗慢性布鲁氏菌病84例,临床观察的结果认为 PI 组分能取得与布鲁氏菌苗疗法相同的脱敏效果,近期疗效治愈和基本治愈率可达75%上下,副作用小,临床使用安全,易为患者所接受。     

气相色谱法测定止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量

目的建立气相色谱(GC)法测定止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量方法,为止痒洗剂质量控制提供有效的分析手段。方法色谱柱:以HP-5(95%二甲基-5%二苯基聚硅氧烷,0.25 mm×30.0 m)毛细管柱为色谱柱;柱温为60℃;以8℃/min速率升温至160℃,保温10 min,进样口温度180℃,FID检测器,检测器温度300℃。空气流速为300 ml/min,分流比为20∶1。进样量1μl。结果苯酚和薄荷脑的线性范围分别是0.45～9 mg/ml和0.25～5 mg/ml,回归方程分别是A=1.476 9C-0.109 9(r=0.999 9)和A=1.393 7C-0.095 9(r=0.999 9)。苯酚和薄荷脑的平均回收率分别为100.6%(RSD=0.73%)和100.8%[相对标准偏差(RSD)=0.76%]。结论该方法简单,结果准确可靠,可用于止痒洗剂中苯酚和薄荷脑的含量测定。