不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响

目的研究不同炮制辅料对何首乌药效成分含量的影响,为选择何首乌炮制辅料提供依据。方法分别采用5种不同炮制辅料制备制何首乌,高效液相色谱法按照2015年版中国药典中制何首乌成分含量测定方法分别测定制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷、游离蒽醌的含量,比较不同炮制辅料对何首乌中药效成分含量的影响。结果炮制辅料基本都会降低制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷和游离蒽醌的含量。不同炮制辅料制备的制何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量从高到低依次为空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌>甘草汁制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌,游离蒽醌含量从高到低依次为甘草汁制何首乌>空白对照何首乌>米泔水制何首乌>熟地汁制何首乌>黑豆汁制何首乌>生姜汁制何首乌。不同炮制辅料制备的何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量均高于2015年版中国药典中的要求,而游离蒽醌含量均未达到2015年版中国药典中的要求。结论不同炮制辅料对制何首乌中药效成分含量的影响不同。     

炆何首乌饮片中蒽醌糖苷类成分变化与减毒效应

目的 揭示炆法炮制特点,并从蒽醌糖苷类成分的变化探讨炆何首乌饮片的减毒效果。方法 采用HPLC进行何首乌药材、炆何首乌饮片、制何首乌饮片的指纹图谱及含量测定研究,并通过SPSS 19.0软件对含量测定结果进行聚类分析;同时采用LC-MS分析何首乌炆制前后化学成分的变化情况。结果 首次发现何首乌经过炆制会出现大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、决明酮-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素-8-O-丙二酰-吡喃葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷4个蒽醌糖苷类成分的显著性消失。结合制何首乌实验数据,推测由于制何首乌炮制时间较短,结合蒽醌只是部分水解成游离蒽醌,但炆制时间过长,使得蒽醌糖苷类成分糖苷键断裂,因此结合蒽醌与总蒽醌的比值从89.4%减少到51.9%,存在化学成分显著性变化。结论 何首乌经炆制,使得结合蒽醌水解为游离蒽醌,从而使毒性更低。     

Anti‐fibrotic and Anti‐tumorigenic Effects of Rhein,a Natural Anthraquinone Derivative,in Mammalian Stellate and Carcinoma Cells

Anthraquinone compounds have been recognized to possess antiinflammatory, anti‐fibrotic and anti‐tumour properties and thus applied in human and veterinary therapeutics as active substances of medicinal products. Amongst the anthraquinones isolated from Rheum palmatum, also known as da‐huang, rhein was detected as one of the highest metabolite contents in the bloodstream of mammals. The biological activities of rhein therefore deserve detailed investigation. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism of inhibitory actions of rhein on fibrotic and tumorigenic processes by means of various biochemical assays, such as immunofluorescent staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting analyses in rat pancreatic stellate cells (LTC‐14), human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PANC‐1) and human colon carcinoma cells (SW480 and SW620). Our results demonstrated that the application of rhein notably suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of various fibrotic and tumorigenic mediators including alpha‐smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, fibronectin, N‐cadherin and matrix metalloproteinases in the testing mammalian cells. The mechanism of the suppressive actions of rhein was associated with the modulation of the sonic hedgehog and serine‐threonine kinase signalling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that rhein may serve as a therapeutic or an adjuvant agent in anti‐fibrotic and anti‐tumorigenic approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

炮制对决明子中萘并吡喃酮苷及蒽醌苷元类成分含量的影响

目的:比较炮制对决明子中主要活性成分萘并吡喃酮苷和蒽醌苷元类成分的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法检测决明子中3个萘并吡喃酮苷和3个蒽醌苷元的含量,并比较其炮制前后的含量变化。结果:炮制后决明子中3种萘并吡喃酮苷类成分含量均有明显下降,其中红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷下降约21%,决明子苷下降约60%,决明子苷C下降约87%;3种蒽醌苷元变化情况为,橙黄决明素和甲基钝叶决明素的含量变化没有显著性差异,钝叶素的含量升高48%。结论:炮制对决明子主要活性成分萘并吡喃酮苷和蒽醌苷元类的含量均会产生显著影响,其中炮制后萘并吡喃酮苷类成分整体下降,蒽醌苷元类成分有部分含量升高。     

HPLC测定决明子中6种游离蒽醌含量

目的建立决明子中6种游离蒽醌类成分的HPLC含量测定方法,为决明子的质量评价提供参考方法。方法采用HPLC法同时测定决明子中6种游离蒽醌类成分的含量,分别为橙黄决明素,大黄酸,决明蒽醌,大黄素,大黄酚,大黄素甲醚。色谱柱为DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm);乙腈(B)-0.1%磷酸(A)梯度洗脱;流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长285 nm;柱温为室温。结果 6种游离蒽醌类成分在相应的线性范围内均呈良好的线性关系。平均回收率均在98.0%~99.6%范围内,RSD<2.0%。结论该方法准确、灵敏、高效,可用于决明子中游离蒽醌类成分的含量测定。     

Anthraquinones As Pharmacological Tools and Drugs

Anthraquinones (9,10‐dioxoanthracenes) constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications. Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents. Current therapeutic indications include constipation, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, biologically active anthraquinones derived from Reactive Blue 2 have been utilized as valuable tool compounds for biochemical and pharmacological studies. They may serve as lead structures for the development of future drugs. However, the presence of the quinone moiety in the structure of anthraquinones raises safety concerns, and anthraquinone laxatives have therefore been under critical reassessment. This review article provides an overview of the chemistry, biology, and toxicology of anthraquinones focusing on their application as drugs.     

虎杖多指标成分测定及质量控制方法研究

目的 采用HPLC-DAD和HPLC-TOF/MS对虎杖中二苯乙烯类、蒽醌类和黄酮类等化合物进行快速分析,将多指标成分的测定和明晰化指纹图谱共同应用于中药质量控制的研究模式中。方法 采用Agilent SB-C_l8柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,分别采用HPLC-DAD和HPLC-TOF/MS两种分析方法对虎杖中化学成分进行分离测定。结果 共从虎杖鉴别出中2个二苯乙烯类、10个蒽醌类和10个黄酮类成分,HPLC-DAD法可以同时测定虎杖药材中的虎杖苷、白藜芦醇和大黄素、大黄素甲醚。结论 采用HPLC-DAD和HPLC-TOF/MS对虎杖中二苯乙烯类、蒽醌类和黄酮类成分进行快速分析测定,有效地控制虎杖的质量。     

HPLC-DAD法测定何首乌中游离蒽醌类化合物的含量

目的:建立同时测定何首乌中大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素5种游离蒽醌类成分含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(5μm,150mm×4.6mm),流动相为0.02%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mLmin-1,检测波长254nm。结果:5条标准曲线在检测范围内均呈良好线性(r≥0.9999);5个待测成分的检测限均低于0.18ng,定量限均低于0.57ng;日内和日间精密度的RSD均小于3.1%,加样回收率为91.0%～103.1%。结论:本文所建立的何首乌中5个指标成分同时定量的方法准确、可靠,可作为何首乌药材质量控制的参考方法。     

Trichomonicidal activity of a new anthraquinone isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem

Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although drug treatment is available, unpleasant side effects and increased resistance to the nitroimidazole family have been documented. Hence, there is a need for the identification of new and safe therapeutic agents against T. vaginalis. Antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone compounds has been reported by a number of authors. The genus Morinda is well known for the diversity of anthraquinones with numerous biological activities. A new anthraquinone, lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether, was isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem. The structure of the compound was determined by ¹H and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, in addition to comparison with literature reports. Using in vitro susceptibility assay, the half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether for T. vaginalis (1.32 μg/mL) was found similar to that of metronidazole concentration tested (6 μM = 1.03 μg/mL). In addition, this anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting the parasite's ability to kill HeLa cells and decreased proteolytic activity of the proteinase TvMP50 from T. vaginalis. This was associated with the decreased expression of the mp50 gene. These results demonstrate the trichomonicidal potential by lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether. Further action-mode studies are necessary to elucidate the antiparasitic mechanism of this new anthraquinone to develop a more potent antitrichomonal agent.     

大黄素型羟基蒽醌类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:研究大黄中活性成分大黄素型羟基蒽醌类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的生长抑制和体外放射增敏活性。方法:MTT法测定大黄素型羟基蒽醌类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的生长抑制活性,集落形成实验测定各化合物对HeLa细胞的放射增敏活性,单靶多击模型拟合剂量存活曲线,计算放射生物学参数和放射增敏比。结果:大黄素、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为262.1、79.9、59.6、435.6μmol·L-1;集落形成实验结果显示,给药合并照射组细胞存活分数低于单纯照射组,芦荟大黄素、大黄酸对宫颈癌HeLa细胞体外放射增敏比分别为1.84和1.13。结论:芦荟大黄素等羟基蒽醌类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有较为明显的生长抑制活性,并且对宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有放射增敏活性。