黄连素对人胃癌细胞SGC7901凋亡影响的研究

目的:探讨黄连素对人胃癌细胞SGC7901凋亡的影响。方法:MTS法检测不同浓度的黄连素(100、150、200μmol/L)对胃癌细胞的抑制作用,Hoechst 33258染色检测不同浓度的黄连素(100、150、200μmol/L)对细胞凋亡的影响;Real Time Q-PCR检测胃癌细胞中Cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax的mRNA表达;Western blot检测胃癌细胞中Cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax的蛋白表达。结果:不同浓度的黄连素能显著降低人胃癌细胞SGC701活性(P<0.05,P<0.01),促进其凋亡,升高Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:不同浓度的黄连素可诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与升高Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达有关。     

槲皮素对脑出血大鼠神经细胞凋亡与Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的作用研究

目的通过观察大鼠脑出血后神经细胞凋亡与Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的动态变化及槲皮素的干预作用,探讨槲皮素可能的神经保护作用及机制。方法以雄性健康SD大鼠通过自体血注入法制备大鼠脑出血模型,并随机分为假手术组、脑出血模型组、槲皮素低剂量组、槲皮素高剂量组,共4组,每组30只;槲皮素低剂量组和槲皮素高剂量组分别给予槲皮素10、50 mg/(kg·d)腹腔内注射,假手术组和脑出血模型组给予同等体积生理盐水腹腔内注射,每日1次,连续7 d;各组大鼠分别在术后第6小时、1天、2天、3天、7天通过前肢放置试验评分法评估神经功能缺损,采用TUNEL法检测血肿周围神经细胞凋亡,采用Western blot法检测血肿周围Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达情况。结果与模型组比较,槲皮素低剂量组在脑出血后第3天、7天及槲皮素高剂量组在第2天、3天、7天的前肢放置试验评分和Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,槲皮素低剂量组在第3天、7天及槲皮素高剂量组在第1天、2天、3天、7天的神经细胞凋亡率和Bax蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论槲皮素能减轻脑出血后神经功能损伤,其机制可能与上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,从而减少神经细胞凋亡有关。     

甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物对低糖缺氧诱导的神经细胞的保护作用

目的 研究甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物对低糖缺氧诱导神经细胞凋亡的保护作用.方法 PC12细胞结合物理缺氧方式建立缺血性中风的细胞模型,CCK-8检测细胞活性,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出分析细胞膜完整性,流式细胞术和Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡,JC-1法测定细胞内线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达,检测SOD、MDA水平分析甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化能力.结果 与模型组比较,甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物可以有效提高缺氧PC12细胞的存活率(P<0.01),降低LDH漏出量(P<0.01),提高线粒体膜电位,增加细胞内SOD水平,降低MDA水平,增加Bcl-2蛋白表达,减少Bax,cleaved caspase-3蛋白的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低细胞凋亡率.结论 甘木通乙酸乙酯提取物可抑制低糖缺氧诱导PC12细胞凋亡,该神经保护作用可能与细胞的线粒体凋亡途径有关.     

MicroRNA-181c provides neuroprotection in an intracerebral hemorrhage model

Apoptosis is an important factor during the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage.MiR-181 c plays a key regulatory role in apoptosis.However,whether miR-181 c is involved in apoptosis of prophase cells after intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.Therefore,in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis.In vivo experiments:collagenase type VII was injected into the basal ganglia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats to establish an intracerebral hemorrhage model.MiR-181 c mimic or inhibitor was injected in situ 4 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage.Neurological functional defects(neurological severity scores)were assessed 1,7,and 14 days after model establishment.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling and western blot assay were conducted 14 days after model establishment.In vitro experiments:PC12 cells were cultured under oxygen-glucose deprivation,and hemins were added to simulate intracerebral hemorrhage in vitro.MiR-181 c mimic or inhibitor was added to regulate miR-181 c expression.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay,luciferase reporter system,and western blot assay were performed.Experimental results revealed differences in miR-181 c expression in brain tissues of both patients and rats with cerebral hemorrhage.In addition,in vitro experiments found that miR-181 c overexpression could upregulate the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to inhibit apoptosis,while inhibition of miR-181 c expression could reduce the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and aggravate apoptosis of cells.Regulation of apoptosis occurred through the phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3 K)/Akt pathway by targeting of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN).Higher miR-181 c overexpression correlated with lower neurological severity scores,indicating better recovery of neurological function.In conclusion,miR-181 c affects the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating apoptosis,and these effects might be directly mediated and regulated by targeting of the PTEN\PI3 K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.Furthermore,these results indicated that miR-181 c played a neuroprotective role in intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating apoptosis of nerve cells,thus providing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.Testing of human serum was authorized by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University(No.2012-38-1)on February 20,2012.The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(Registration No.ChiCTR-COC-17013559).The animal study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University(approval No.2017008)on March 8,2017.     

Claudin-15 overexpression inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of Schwann cells in vitro

Our previous experiments have discovered that Claudin-15 was up-regulated in Schwann cells of the distal nerve stumps of rat models of sciatic nerve injury.However,how Claudin-15 affects Schwann cell function is still unknown.This study aimed to identify the effects of Claudin-15 on proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells cultured in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms.Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats.Claudin-15 in Schwann cells was knocked down using siRNA(siRNA-1 group)compared with the negative control siRNA transfection group(negative control group).Claudin-15 in Schwann cells was overexpressed using pGV230-Claudin-15 plasmid(pGV230-Claudin-15 group).The pGV230 transfection group(pGV230 group)acted as the control of the pGV230-Claudin-15 group.Cell proliferation was analyzed with EdU assay.Cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometric analysis.Cell migration was analyzed with Transwell inserts.The mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot assay.The results showed that compared with the negative control group,cell proliferation rate was up-regulated;p-AKT/AKT ratio,apoptotic rate,p-c-Jun/c-Jun ratio,mRNA expression of protein kinase C alpha,Bcl-2 and Bax were down-regulated;and mRNA expression of neurotrophins basic fibroblast growth factor and neurotrophin-3 were increased in the siRNA-1 group.No significant difference was found in cell migration between the negative control and siRNA-1 groups.Compared with the pGV230 group,the cell proliferation rate was down-regulated;apoptotic rate,p-c-Jun/c-Jun ratio and c-Fos protein expression increased;mRNA expression of protein kinase C alpha and Bax decreased;and mRNA expressions of neurotrophins basic fibroblast growth factor and neurotrophin-3 were up-regulated in the pGV230-Claudin-15 group.The above results demonstrated that overexpression of Claudin-15 inhibited Schwann cell proliferation and promoted Schwann cell apoptosis in vitro.Silencing of Claudin-15 had the reverse effect and provided neuroprotective effect.This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jilin University of China(approval No.2016-nsfc001)on March 5,2016.     

Establishment of a specific cell death induction system in Bombyx mori by a transgene with the conserved apoptotic regulator,mouse Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (mouse Bax)

The induction of apoptosis in vivo is a useful tool for investigating the functions and importance of particular tissues. B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2‐associated X protein (Bax) functions as a pro‐apoptotic factor and induces apoptosis in several organisms. The Bax‐mediated apoptotic system is widely conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. In order to establish a tissue‐specific cell death system in the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, we constructed a transgenic silkworm that overexpressed mouse Bax (mBax) in particular tissues by the Gal4‐upstream activation sequence system. We found that the expression of mBax induced specific cell death in the silk gland, fat body and sensory cells. Fragmentation of genomic DNA was observed in the fat body, which expressed mBax, thereby supporting apoptotic cell death in this tissue. Using this system, we also demonstrated that specific cell death in sensory cells attenuated the response to the sex pheromone bombykol. These results show that we successfully established a tissue‐specific cell death system in vivo that enabled specific deficiencies in particular tissues. The inducible cell death system may provide useful means for industrial applications of the silkworm and possible utilization for other species.     

去甲斑蝥素抑制黑色素瘤M14细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的研究

Objective To investigate the effects of norcantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 of human melanoma M14 cells. Methods Melanoma M14 cell line cultured in vitro was treated with concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 μg / L norcantharidin respectively, and untreated cells were used as control. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method after treatment for 24 h and 48 h. Morphology of cells was observed under inverted microscope. DAPI nuclear staining was used to observe the morphological changes of apoptosis under fluorescence microscope. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot assay. Results CCK-8 results showed that concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/L norcantharidin inhibited the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells after treatment for 24 h and 48 h (P＜0.05), and the higher the concentration, the more significant the inhibitory effect. The cells showed irregular contours, nucleus shrinkage, small volume, and poor cell adhesion of apoptosis changes under inverted microscope and fluorescence microscope. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression of Bcl-2 decreased gradually with the increased concentration of norcantharidin (P＜0.05), and the relative expression of Bax increased gradually (P＜0.05).Conclusion Norcantharidin can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma M14 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of apoptosis.     

苦参碱抑制Akt信号通路诱导结肠癌SW480细胞凋亡

目的:研究苦参碱对人结肠癌SW480细胞的促凋亡作用及其可能的分子机制。方法:噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)测定苦参碱对SW480细胞株增殖的影响;Hoechst33258染色检测苦参碱对SW480细胞凋亡的影响,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测苦参碱对SW480细胞中总蛋白激酶B(Akt),磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt),B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)表达的干预作用。结果:苦参碱(0.25,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 g·L~(-1))能浓度和时间依赖性地抑制SW480细胞增殖。作用24,48,72 h的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为1.72,1.08,0.67 g·L~(-1),Hochest33258染色和流式细胞术结果显示苦参碱能显著诱导细胞凋亡(P0.01),随着药物质量浓度的提高,细胞凋亡率逐渐上升。Western blot检测显示,SW480细胞加入苦参碱后,胞内总Akt的含量无显著变化,但p-Akt的生成被显著抑制,凋亡抑制性蛋白Bcl-2表达降低,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达增高(P0.05)。结论:苦参碱能够诱导SW480细胞凋亡,该药理作用可能与苦参碱对Akt信号通路的抑制有关。     

丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16对人前列腺癌细胞PC-3增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:探讨丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16对人前列腺癌细胞PC-3增殖与凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:体外培养PC-3细胞,给予不同浓度的YB16(0.125~16μmol·L-1),以噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测YB16对PC-3的细胞毒性,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,吖啶橙(AO)染色、流式细胞术检测YB16对PC-3的凋亡影响,逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RTPCR)检测YB16对PC-3细胞B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2),B细胞淋巴瘤-xl(Bcl-xl),Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax),半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)mRNA的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,Bax,激活型Caspase-3(cleaved-Caspase-3)蛋白表达,并对结果进行分析。结果:YB16能显著抑制PC-3细胞的生长,具有剂量依赖性(P0.05);YB16能促进细胞的凋亡,相差显微镜,AO染色法观察可见细胞具凋亡特征性改变;YB16能下调Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,上调Bax,Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P0.05)。结论:YB16能抑制PC-3细胞增殖,促进PC-3发生凋亡,其机制可能与促进Caspase-3表达有关,具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。     

细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2 和 Bax在大鼠牙周膜改建中的作用

目的：观察咬合力改变对大鼠牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响，探讨牙周膜改建的可能机制。方法：拔除健康雄性SD大鼠右上颌第一、二、三磨牙建立左下颌磨牙咬合力改变动物模型，分别于拔牙后6、12h及1、2、3、5、7、14、28d分别处死大鼠（n=6），取牙槽骨组织，进行HE染色观察；免疫组织化学染色检测牙周膜成纤维细胞Bcl-2和Bax表达。另设正常咬合力大鼠作为对照组（n=6）。免疫组织化学染色结果采用二级计分法，根据染色强度及阳性细胞的数目进行计分取平均值。结果：成功建立咬合力改变SD大鼠模型。HE染色结果显示与拔牙大鼠相比，正常对照组大鼠牙周膜结构较致密，纤维排列有序，牙槽骨骨壁较平。免疫组化染色表明拔牙后12h牙周膜成纤维细胞Bax表达达峰值（267．00±7．82），明显高于正常对照组（25．67±4．97，P〈0．01），其后开始下降，至28d基本恢复正常（7．50±1．87）。Bcl-2的表达在拔牙后3d表达最高（228．00±7．10），此后开始下降至正常（36．17±2．32，P〈0．01）。结论：细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax参与了牙周膜的改建过程。