Efficacy of atropine,orthokeratology, and combined atropine with orthokeratology for childhood myopia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background/PurposeOrthokeratology (Ortho-K), atropine eye drops and combined atropine with Ortho-K are proven to be effective ways to prevent myopic progression in many studies, but there is scarce evidence regarding the comparative efficacy of different dosages of atropine,Ortho-K, and combined atropine with Ortho-K for childhood myopia.MethodsWe performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the relative efficacy of the aforementioned interventions for myopic progression; moreover, we calculated the surface under cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) to determine the relative ranking of treatments.ResultsWe identified 19 randomized controlled trials (3435 patients). NMA revealed that 0.01%–1% atropine, Ortho-K, and 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K inhibited axial elongation (AL) over one year. For refractive change, SUCRA analysis revealed that the hierarchy was high-dose (0.5%–1%), moderate-dose (0.1%–0.25%), and low-dose (0.01%–0.05%) atropine. Regarding AL, SUCRA analysis revealed the following hierarchy: Ortho-K combined with 0.01% atropine, high-dose atropine, moderate-dose atropine, Ortho-K, and low-dose atropine.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found that atropine (0.01%–1%), Ortho-K, and 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K could significantly slow down myopia progression. The atropine efficacy followed a dose-related pattern; moreover, Ortho-K and low-dose atropine showed similar efficacy. There was a synergistic effect of using 0.01% atropine combined with Ortho-K, and it showed comparable efficacy to that of high-dose atropine.     

Assessing the change of anisometropia in unilateral myopic children receiving monocular orthokeratology treatment

BackgroundThis study aimed at comparing the inter-eye axial elongation difference in order to evaluate the change of anisometropia in unilateral myopic children wearing monocular orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lens.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we recruited monocular myopic subjects treated with monocular Ortho-K lens from May 2012 to January 2017. The axial length (AL) of both eyes was recorded, and we calculated the AL difference as our primary outcome, to evaluate myopia progression. High anisometropia was defined as anisometropia more than 2.50D. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to assess the related risk factors.ResultsA total number of 31 unilateral myopic patients were identified. The initial wearing age of the subjects was 12.32+/−3.07 years. In myopic eyes, the initial spherical equivalent was −2.73+/−0.95 diopter (D). The mean follow-up duration was 2.01+/−1.48 years. A significant reduction in the AL difference was found, from 0.83+/−0.45 millimeters at the baseline to 0.59+/−0.49 millimeters at 24 months (P = 0.039). Besides, after wearing Ortho-K lens for a long term, high anisometropic wearers showed more AL difference reduction than low anisometropic wearers in unilateral myopic children (P=0.002).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the myopic eyes in unilateral myopic children had less AL growth than the companion emmetropic eyes when treated with monocular Ortho-K lenses. Wearing Ortho-K lens for a long time would present a more significant AL difference reduction in high anisometropic children.     

重视角膜屈光手术操作规范及并发症防治

当今各种治疗近视眼技术的手段很多,激光角膜屈光手术是矫正屈光不正的重要方式之一。屈光手术中任何环节的质量控制对手术成功与否、减少并发症至关重要。严格的手术适应证把控、个性化的手术方式选择、规范的围手术期处方用药等等都有助于手术质量提高,保证整体手术安全。     

Exposición al aire libre en niños de la Provincia de Buenos Aires,Argentina

ObjectivesTo evaluate myopia risk factors, mainly outdoor exposure and reading habits, in a country with low prevalence of myopia (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina).MethodsConsecutive children interviewed in a clinical private practice setting were autorefracted under cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%. Their parents consented to fill a questionnaire about schooling, tutorial classes, outdoor exposure, reading habits, and cellphone use, both on weekdays and weekends. The Spanish questionnaire was based on past English questionnaires of myopia clinical trials. The spherical equivalent of the right eye was used for the refractive distribution. The average daily hours spent for each activity were calculated.ResultsThis study involved 115 children aged 10.48±3.65 years (range 5 to 18 years), with 56.5% being girls. Children had 8 h of schooling per day in 62.6% of cases, and only 14.8% had tutorial classes after school. There were 38.3% myopes (< ?0.50 D), 24.3% hyperopes (> +2.00 D) and the rest were emmetropes. The mean time that these children spent outdoors per day was 3.94±1.45 hs. (27.60±10.16 hs. per week). The total mean time spent reading and writing per day was 1.50±0.98 h, and that spent using cellphones and tablets was 2.43±1.66 h.ConclusionIn an environment with low myopia prevalence, children spend almoast 4 hours per day outdoors, much more than the usual recommendation of 2 hours a day for myopia prevention.     

SMILE联合快速角膜交联术后角膜光密度的早期临床观察

目的 观察飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术联合快速角膜胶原交联术(SMILE Xtra)对角膜光密度的影响。 方法 收集2017年3月至2019年7月在济南明水眼科医院矫正近视及近视散光的患者78例,纳入右眼数据(78眼)进行分析,根据手术方式分为SMILE Xtra组和SMILE组,其中SMILE Xtra组39例(39眼),SMILE组39例(39眼),分别在术前和术后3个月对两组患者的角膜光密度值进行随访。应用Pentacam三维眼前节分析系统测量角膜光密度值,根据软件分析,以角膜顶点为中心,获取0~2 mm、2~6 mm及6~10 mm直径范围角膜光密度平均值,同时获取角膜前120 μm、中间基质层及后60 μm的光密度平均值。 结果 SMILE Xtra组和SMILE组在术后3个月时78眼(100%)UCVA均达到术前预期矫正视力。SMILE Xtra组术后整体角膜及角膜0~2 mm、2~6 mm直径范围的光密度值均较手术前显著增高,且变化有统计学意义(P<0.001)。逐层分析显示术后前120 μm的数值均显著高于中部及后部角膜。SMILE组术后角膜各个直径范围的光密度值与术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。角膜中部角膜组织及后60 μm的光密度值在手术前后变化有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SMILE Xtra组手术后3个月角膜光密度在0~2 mm、3~6 mm、7~10 mm和前120 μm的数值均高于SMILE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组角膜光密度值的变化量与等效球镜度、角膜中央厚度、角膜曲率及角膜上皮厚度变化量均无明显相关性(P>0.05),与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.542, P=0.01)。 结论 SMILE Xtra组术后早期角膜光密度增加,透明度下降,但只在手术操作区域内发生变化。