多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌尿液分离株检出gyrA基因新亚型

目的了解1株多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌的遗传学背景。方法采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)的方法分析1株多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌可能存在的65种耐药相关基因:包括β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类耐药相关基因及可移动的遗传元件(整合子、转座子、接合性质粒)遗传标记、抗菌制剂外排泵基因。结果该株多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌耐β-内酰胺类药物基因检出blaTEM,耐氨基糖苷类药物基因检出aph(3′)-Ⅰ,耐喹诺酮类药物基因检出gyrA,Ⅰ类整合子遗传标记检出intⅠ1,转座子遗传标记检出tnp513,接合性质粒遗传标记检出trbC;抗菌制剂外排泵基因检出qacE△1-sul1,gyrA基因是新亚型(GenBank登录号:JN232083),83位密码子突变方式为TCG→TTC,导致氨基酸从丝氨酸(S)→苯丙氨酸(F);87位密码子突变方式为GAC→GCC,导致氨基酸从天冬氨酸(D)→丙氨酸(A)。结论携带多药耐药基因和抗菌制剂外排泵基因是这株肺炎克雷伯菌呈多药耐药的主要原因,携带多种可移动遗传元件使细菌的耐药性在同种细菌菌株之间,甚至不同种细菌菌株之间得以快速传播。     

Mutation of E1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus affects viral virulence in swine

Transposon linker insertion mutagenesis of a full-length infectious clone (IC) (pBIC) of the pathogenic classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain Brescia was used to identify genetic determinants of CSFV virulence and host range. Here, we characterize a virus mutant, RB-C22v, possessing a 19-residue insertion at the carboxyl terminus of E1 glycoprotein. Although RB-C22v exhibited normal growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures, the major target cell of CSFV in vivo, it was markedly attenuated in swine. All RB-C22v-infected pigs survived infection remaining clinically normal in contrast to the 100% mortality observed for BICv-infected animals. Comparative pathogenesis studies demonstrated a delay in RB-C22v spread to, and decreased replication in the tonsils, a 10(2) to 10(7) log10 reduction in virus titers in lymphoid tissues and blood, and an overall delay in generalization of infection relative to BICv. Notably, RB-C22v-infected animals were protected from clinical disease when challenged with pathogenic BICv at 3, 5, 7, and 21 days post-RB-C22v inoculation. Viremia, viral replication in tissues, and oronasal shedding were reduced in animals challenged at 7 and 21 DPI. Notably BICv-specific RNA was not detected in tonsils of challenged animals. These results indicate that a carboxyl-terminal domain of E1 glycoprotein affects virulence of CSFV in swine, and they demonstrate that mutation of this domain provides the basis for a rationally designed and efficacious live-attenuated CSF vaccine.     

多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体原/噬菌体、整合子、转座子、插入序列及质粒遗传标记分析

目的 调查多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(MDRKP)中噬菌体原/噬菌体、整合子、转座子、插入序列和质粒等可移动遗传元件遗传标记的存在情况.方法 收集2008年8月-2010年5月6所医院共47株MDRKP,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及序列分析的方法,分析12种噬菌体原/噬菌体、3种整合子、7种转座子插入序列和两种质粒共24种可移动遗传元件遗传标记.结果 该组MDRKP共检出1种噬菌体原/噬菌体、1种整合子、6种转座子和插入序列、两种质粒遗传标记.结论 携带Ⅰ类整合子(intⅠ 1)、插入序列(IS26、IS903、ISEcp1、ISKpn6)、耐药质粒(trbC)是该组MDRKP耐药的一个重要原因,MDRKP同时作噬菌体原/噬菌体、整合子、转座子、插入序列和质粒等遗传标记检测为国内首次.     

Organisation and molecular analysis of repeated DNA sequences in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

The distribution of a previously described repeated DNA sequence present as a 1.3-kb PstI fragment in the genome of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea was analysed by carrying out DNA fingerprint analysis of 36 isolates including rice, non-rice and laboratory strains. The analysis of various higher-molecular-weight PstI fragments with homology to the 1.3-kb repeat revealed that these may arise predominantly from transposon insertions or point mutations. Analysis of a 5.1-kb derivative revealed both a point mutation at a PstI site and an insertion of a putative transposable element which caused an increase in molecular weight from 1.3 to 5.1 kb. Another repeat element of 1.4 kb was identified and found to exist in association with the 1.3-kb repeat. Both 1.3- and 1.4-kb elements were found to be parts of MGR583 (Hamer et al. 1989), a LINE-like element. These elements were present in a high copy number in all the rice and a majority of non-rice pathogens indicating that MGR583 is not a host-specific sequence as reported earlier. Our results suggest that repeated DNA elements in M. grisea have amplified independently of one another and further indicate that different isolates of M. grisea may have evolved from several distinct lines of origin. Received: 12 April / 12 November 1996     

Identification and cloning of a mobile transposon fromAspergillus niger var.awamori

Aspergillus niger var.awamori contains multiple copies of a transposable element, Vader. This element was detected as a 437-bp insertion in four independently isolated spontaneous mutants of theniaD (nitrate reductase) gene. The Vader element is present in approximately 15 copies in bothA. niger var.awamori andA. niger. A single copy of Vader was detected from only one of the two laboratory strains ofA. nidulans which were also examined. Insertion of the Vader element into theniaD gene ofA. niger var.awamori caused a 2-bp duplication (TA) of the target sequence. The Vader element is flanked by a 44-bp inverted repeat. The genetic stabilities of the inserted Vader elements atniaD were examined by studying reversion frequencies resulting in colonies able to grow on nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. MutantsniaD392 andniaD436 reverted at a frequency of 9x10^-3 and 4x10^-2, respectively. Two of the mutants,niaD587 andniaD410, reverted at a lower frequency of 6x10^-4.     

Pancreatic cancer: promise for personalised medicine?

Sleeping Beauty (SB) is a genetically engineered insertional mutagenesis system. Its ability to rapidly induce cancer in SB-transgenic mice as well as the ease of identification of the mutated genes suggest important roles for SB in the discovery of novel cancer genes as well as the generation of models of human cancers where none currently exist. The range of SB-related tumors extends from haematopoietic to solid cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. This review follows the refinement of SB for different cancers and assesses its potential as a model for all cancers and a tool for cancer gene discovery.