肝移植术后乙肝主动免疫重建受体停用乙肝免疫球蛋白和(或)抗病毒药物的可行性

目的 探讨乙肝肝移植术后乙肝主动免疫重建成功受体停用乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)和(或)抗病毒药物的可行性及临床指征.方法 检测乙肝主动免疫重建成功受体体内的HBV DNA和ccc DNA的水平,并监测其停用HBIG和(或)抗病毒药物后的乙肝复发情况.结果 共20例乙肝主动免疫重建成功受体纳入本研究.所有受体血浆均未检测到HBV DNA,1例受体的外周血单个核细胞中检测出微量HBV DNA (0.023 6 copies/cell),另1例受体的肝组织中检测出微量HBV DNA,但均未检测到ccc DNA.随访期间,所有受体均停用HBIG,13例停用抗病毒药物.1例外周血单个核细胞中检测到HBV DNA的受体有乙肝复发,并检测出HBV变异(变异位点G145R).结论 乙肝肝移植术后乙肝主动免疫重建成功受体停用HBIG和(或)抗病毒药物是安全可行的,但必须在停药前检测体内的HBV和病毒变异情况.     

Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission in Haimen City,China: Results of a community public health initiative

In regions where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, perinatal transmission is common. Infected newborns have a 90% chance of developing chronic HBV infection, and 1 in 4 will die prematurely from HBV-related liver disease. In 2010, the Hepatitis B Foundation and the Haimen City CDC launched the Gateway to Care campaign in Haimen City, China to improve awareness, prevention, and control of HBV infection citywide. The campaign included efforts to prevent perinatal HBV transmission by screening all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), following those who tested positive, and administering immunoprophylaxis to their newborns at birth. Of 5407 pregnant women screened, 185 were confirmed HBsAg-positive and followed until delivery. At age one, 175 babies were available for follow up testing. Of those, 137 tested negative for HBsAg and positive for antibodies to HBsAg, indicating protection. An additional 34 HBsAg-negative babies also tested negative for antibodies to HBsAg or had indeterminate test results, were considered to have had inadequate immune responses to the vaccine, and were given a booster dose. A higher prevalence of nonresponse to HBV vaccine was observed among babies born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers and mothers with high HBV DNA titers. The remaining 4 babies tested positive for HBsAg and negative for antibodies, indicative of active HBV infection. The mothers of all 4 had viral loads ≥8 × 10⁶ copies/ml in the third trimester. Although inadequate response or nonresponse to HBV vaccine was more common among babies born to HBeAg-positive and/or high viral load mothers, these risk factors did not completely predict nonresponsiveness. All babies born to HBV-infected mothers should be tested upon completion of the vaccine series to ascertain adequate protection. Some babies of HBeAg-positive mothers with high viral load may still become HBV infected despite timely immunoprophylaxis with HBV vaccine and HBIG.     

HBIG阻断HBV母婴垂直传播的疗效观察

目的：观察评价外源性注射HBIG对HBV母婴垂直传播的阻断效果和安全性。方法：选取2006年7月2007年7月在我院产前检查和分娩的阳性孕妇200例作为对象。根据知情同意原则,分为三组,HBIG 1组：同意孕期及产后注射HBIG者75例;HBIG 2组,同意产后注射HBIG者85例;非HBIG组不同意或因经济原因无法注射HBIG者40例。凡新生儿HBV-DNA（＋）,即表示胎儿宫内感染HBV;婴儿出生后6个月HBV-DNA（＋）,亦表示母婴垂直传播HBV。结果：孕28周时孕妇乙肝标志物各指标检测结果三组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而HBIG1组经过产前3次HBIG注射之后,HBsAg、HBeAg、HBsAb阳性率与HBIG2组和非HBIG组间比较,有显著性差异（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。三组孕妇在孕28周和产前血清中的HBV-DNA阳性率间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;三组产后乳汁中HBV-DNA阳性率间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。新生儿和6个月婴儿HBV感染率HBIG 1组〈HBIG 2组〈非HBIG组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：肌注HBIG可对HBV母婴垂直传播的阻断效果明显,并可降低母乳喂养感染的风险,且孕晚期孕妇和新生儿均使用HBIG优于仅产后新生儿肌注。孕晚期孕妇肌注HBIG可降低HBV的传染力。     

Review: hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of hepatitis B infection

Specific hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) contains a high titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigens and provides immediate passive protection against infection with hepatitis B virus, after acute exposure to infection. It is now generally combined with active immunization with hepatitis B vaccine. The principal indications for administration of HBIG are: a single acute percutaneous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV); mucocutaneous exposure; unprotected sexual exposure; mother-to-infant transmission; prevention of re-infection after liver transplantation; non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine and immunosuppressed patients.     

孕期不同阶段应用HBIG阻断乙肝母婴传播效果初探

目的探讨孕期不同阶段应用HBIG阻断乙肝病毒宫内感染的效果。方法设计自孕20周起,给予乙肝孕妇每四周免疫HBIG一次,共5次。对比常用的孕晚期3次免疫方法及孕期无干预措施的乙肝孕妇,在脐血、新生儿外周血及羊膜、胎盘感染方面进行比较。结果20周免疫组新生儿宫内感染率与28周免疫组相比无明显减少,同时新生儿抗体产生率也无明显增加。但是在胎盘感染的微观方面,20周免疫组明显低于28周免疫组。两个干预组较未干预组相比宫内感染率都有明显降低。结论孕期应用HBIG阻断乙肝母婴传播可有效的减少宫内感染率;20周开始免疫和28周开始免疫相比,在临床上,未见明显的优势,但是胎盘感染的微观方面,有明显低的感染率,新生儿外周血能比脐血更准确的诊断乙肝感染情况;羊膜的感染率与胎盘相同。     

应用HBIG阻断HBV母婴传播研究

目的了解应用HBIG阻断HBV母婴传播的效果。方法对象分为4组,第1组HBsAg阳性孕妇使用HBIG,其新生儿联合使用HBIG和乙肝疫苗;第2组HBsAg阳性孕妇没有使用HBIG而其新生儿使用HBIG;第3组HBsAg阳性孕妇没有使用HBIG,其新生儿单独使用乙肝疫苗,第4组HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿单独使用乙肝麦苗。乙肝疫苗全程免疫12个月后测定HBsAg和抗-HBs。结果HBsAg阳性孕妇及其新生儿使用HBIG纽HBsAg阳性率1．26％低于HBsAg阳性孕妇未使用HBIG而其新生儿使用HBIG组6．02％,差异有统计学意义,抗-HBs阳性率68．45％高于HBsAg阳性孕妇未使用HBIG而其新生儿使用HBIG组39．76％,差异有统计学意义。结论HBsAg阳性孕妇及新生儿使用HBIG组免疫效果优于未使用组。     

不同方法注射乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性孕妇母婴传播的研究

目的研究不同方法注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对HBsAg伴HBeAg双阳性孕妇的乙肝病毒(HBV)宫内感染阻断作用。方法将137例双阳性孕妇分为4组:A组从孕16周起注射HBIG,B组从孕20周起注射HBIG,C组从孕28周起注射HBIG,A、B、C 3组孕妇每次均注射HBIG200IU,并间隔4周1次,直至临产;D组作为对照组,不注射HBIG;出生后4组所有新生儿均于16h内和生后2周注射HBIG200IU,满月起按1、2、7月龄分别接种乙肝疫苗,并定期随访。结果新生儿出生时外周血测得HBsAg,A组与B组无显著性差别(P>0.05),A、B 2组与C组、D组以及C组与D组均有显著性差别(P均<0.05);经随访A、B、C、D 4组HBV宫内感染率分别为5.6%、5.3%、19.4%和48.5%,母婴传播阻断率A组与B组无显著差异(P>0.05),A组和B组均显著高于C组和D组、C组显著高于D组(P均<0.05)。结论对HBsAg伴HBeAg双阳性孕妇,选择孕20周开始注射HBIG比较合适,阻断率最高,能有效减少HBV宫内感染的发生率。     

美国母胎医学会“妊娠期乙型肝炎的筛查、治疗及垂直传播的预防指南”要点解读

正乙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B,HBV)引起的一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,全世界的感染人数超过了24 000万。在美国,妊娠妇女群体中的HBV感染率约为0.7%~0.9%~([1-2])。宫内和围产期垂直传播是全球HBV传播的重要组成部分。研究表明,35%~50%的HBV携带者是由于围产期接触受感染的血液及其污染物而受到感染~([1])。预防受感染孕妇的HBV垂直传播给胎儿,对减少     

国产乙型肝炎疫苗和HBIG联合阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播效果研究

本文采用乙型肝炎疫苗和HBIG,经3种不同的联合免疫方案,对阻断乙型肝炎母婴传播的效果进行了研究。结果证明,3个组联合免疫后12个月的抗-HBs阳转率为75%～90%;抗-HBs平均浓度(mIU/ml)为32.55～42.93;阻断率为80.00%～93.3%。联合免疫的效果是满意的。