神经外科住院患者人文关怀感知与护士关怀实践的对比研究

目的了解神经外科住院患者及护士对护士人文关怀的感知与评价差异,为更好地实施人文关怀护理服务提供参考。方法选取86例神经外科住院患者及92名神经外科护士作为研究对象,分别使用关怀行为量表进行问卷调查。结果患者与护士对护士人文关怀的总体评分分别为4.77±0.84、4.86±0.60,无统计学差异(P>0.05),双方均在“尊重患者”及“联系患者”2个维度评分较低。在“支持和保证”维度,患者对护士人文关怀的感知水平显著低于护士自评结果(P<0.01)。结论护患双方均对护士关怀行为的评价较好且双方在对护士关怀行为的整体认知上存在较高的一致度,但护士对患者心理层面的关怀相对不足,患者对护士在“支持和保证”相关关怀行为方面具有较高的期待。护士需要进一步改进与提升人文关怀质量。     

CTA三维重建结合外视镜在颅颈畸形教学中的应用

颅颈畸形手术涉及复杂的解剖变异,手术风险高,操作难度大,传统的教学方式受制于抽象的讲解,学习者很难对颅颈畸形解剖,手术方案及过程有直观的认识。本研究将CTA三维重建导航和术中外视镜操作技术引入颅颈畸形手术教学实践中,术前通过CTA三维重建在导航仪软件上了解颅颈畸形变异情况,规划手术方案。术中采用外视镜操作,所有学生戴上3D眼镜观看手术。将无法直观显示的、抽象的解剖结构以三维立体图像对学生进行展示。使传统被动抽象的教学方式变成直观形象生动的学习方式。增强了神经外科临床专业研究生对颅颈畸形手术解剖认识,提高了手术操作的积极性,缩短了培养时间。     

Spinal surgical training in the UK: past,present and future perspectives

Spinal surgery is an interface subspeciality that has developed from two independent specialities: orthopaedics and neurosurgery. As the subspeciality has developed, so has the need for dedicated post-certification training. In this review we discuss the history of UK training, explain the current routes to become a spinal surgeon, including fellowships and the qualifications required for a consultant spine surgeon post. We also discuss how we expect fellowships to change and become accredited, as spinal training evolves and continues to employ contemporary educational evidence.     

“MMIF+PBL”教学法在神经外科专科教学中的应用

专科研究生的培养是医学教育中不可或缺的部分,传统的教学模式学生主动性较差,知识传授无法跟上知识更新的速度。PBL教学法(problem based learning)以学生为主体、问题为导向、小组讨论为主要形式,老师为引导者,学生主动进行知识探索,培养自身"归纳"与"查新"能力。多模态影像融合技术将影像信息进行数字化综合处理,并进行可视化,广泛用于临床实践中。两者相结合打破传统教材章节框架的束缚,以具体患者诊疗过程为线索,将枯燥的课本知识变为生动的小组讨论,将抽象的解剖学知识进行三维可视化,并以规范化的形式进行课程实施,理论联系实际,提高了教学效率,并消除时间与场地的限制,使教学效率最大化。本文比较了传统教育模式与新的教育模式,在培养研究生的"归纳"与"查新"能力方面,新的教学模式效率更高,更适合现代神经外科研究生教育。     

Gender differences in NIH grant funding in neurological surgery

Research productivity is a vital component to an academic neurosurgeon’s career. We sought to evaluate gender differences in NIH funding among faculty in neurological surgery departments. NIH funding awarded to PIs of neurological surgery departments from 2014 to 2019 were obtained and analyzed for gender differences in funding trends, with attention to terminal degree and academic rank, as well as publication range in length of years and h-index. 79.4% of all NIH grants were awarded to male PIs, with the remaining 20.5% given to their female counterparts. Mean of the total NIH grants awarded to men was significantly higher at $1,796,684 (± Standard Error of Mean (SEM) $155,849, IQR: $1,759,250) compared to women at $1,151,968 (± SEM $137,914, IQR: $1,388,538) (P = 0.022). Mean NIH funding per grant for men was $365,760 (± SEM: $39,592, IQR: $189,692) and for women was $292,912 (± SEM: 28,239, IQR: $283,177). Differences in mean NIH funding per grant approached but did not reach statistical significance between men and women (P = 0.122). When stratified for academic rank, there was a significant difference in mean NIH funding per grant between men and women on the associate professor level (p < 0.005), with women exceeding men in funding at this academic level, with other academic ranks remaining non-significant. Overall, male neurosurgeons receive significantly more total NIH grant funding than their female counterparts, except at the level of associate professor where women were found to surpass men.     

Update on the global neurosurgery movement: A systematic review of international vernacular,research trends,and authorship

In 2015, key global and neurosurgical organizations increased collaboration to improve neurosurgical care access, delivery, and outcomes, particularly in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs); sparking what has been termed the global neurosurgery movement. The authors sought to assess trends in usage of the term ‘global neurosurgery’ in academic literature with particular focus on author affiliations, world regions most frequently discussed, and topics of research performed. A PubMed search for articles indexed as ‘global neurosurgery’ was completed yielding 277 articles which met inclusion criteria. It was found that over time, use of the term ‘global neurosurgery’ has increased, with increasing growth notable starting in the year 2008 and continuing into October 2019. Statistical comparisons showed authors with affiliated global neurosurgery centers were more likely to publish studies related to the continent of Africa (47.4% vs 15.9%, p < 0.001), and less likely to focus on countries in Asia (2.6% vs 20.9%, p = 0.023). Use of the term ‘global neurosurgery’ in the article abstract/title/keywords was associated with focus on LMICs (18.6% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.006). Use of the term ‘global neurosurgery’ was associated with workforce and capacity as research topics (41.9% vs 22.6%, p = 0.036). While fairly new, the global neurosurgery movement has seen a rapid increase in publications utilizing the term ‘global neurosurgery.’ Articles frequently have focused on collaborative, targeted workforce capacity building in LMICs. We encourage the development of more global neurosurgery academic centers, especially in non-USA countries, to continue this momentum.