人源化CD33单克隆抗体联合化疗与单用化疗在初次复发或难治性急性髓性白血病治疗中比较的Ⅲ期多中心随机研究的评价

4背景 CD33是一种细胞表面的受体，它只存在于粒单细胞表面。体外研究表明，抗CD33抗体与受体结合后导致了剂量依赖性的细胞凋亡．这与其他抗体如CD22在淋巴系统恶性肿瘤中的方式是相似的。由于CD33在急性髓性白血病（acute myeloid leukemia，AML）的幼稚细胞中广泛表达（〉90％），而在大多数的非血液系统的组织则不表达．故针对CD33的抗体类药物．如联合了刺孢霉素的抗CD33抗体吉姆单抗奥佐米星（Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin，GO）已用于治疗AML的病人。     

抗SARS-CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建

目的 :利用抗SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性的SARS康复患者外周血淋巴细胞 ,构建人源Fab段抗体文库。方法 :制备外周血淋巴细胞总RNA ,逆转录成cDNA。以其为模板 ,利用针对家族特异性Ig基因的引物扩增重链Fd段和轻链基因 ,并重组到噬菌粒载体pComb3中 ,将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌XL 1Blue,酶切鉴定抗体库的重组率 ,并测定噬菌体抗体库的库容量。结果 :构建了源于SARS康复患者血清中抗Fab段的抗体文库 ,轻链、重链Fd段基因的重组率分别为91%和 75 % ,库容量为 7.2 3× 10 7。结论 :成功地构建了抗SARS CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库     

Human lymphohematopoietic reconstitution and immune function in immunodeficient mice receiving cotransplantation of human thymic tissue and CD34+ cells

Small animal models with functional human lymphohematopoietic systems are highly valuable for the study of human immune function under physiological and pathological conditions. Over the last two decades, numerous efforts have been devoted towards the development of such humanized mouse models. This review is focused on human lymphohematopoietic reconstitution and immune function in humanized mice by cotransplantation of human fetal thymic tissue and CD34⁺ cells. The potential use of these humanized mice in translational biomedical research is also discussed.     

Humanized C3 Mouse: A Novel Accelerated Model of C3 Glomerulopathy

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人性化理念提升心内科患者护理满意度的效果研究

目的 探讨人性化理念在提升心内科患者护理满意度中的效果.方法 选取心内科260例患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(常规程序护理组)和观察组(人性化理念护理组)各130例,比较护理后1周及出院时2组患者对健康宣教、基础护理、护理态度及护理效率的总满意率.结果 观察组护理后1周及出院时对健康宣教、基础护理、护理态度及护理效率的总满意率均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 人性化理念在提升心内科患者护理满意度中的效果较好,可显著提升患者对各个方面护理的认可程度.     

Safety of subcutaneous versus intravenous tocilizumab in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction: Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in several large randomized, controlled trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Areas covered: This article compares the safety profile of the newer, subcutaneous (SC) formulation of TCZ with the original intravenous (IV) formulation, in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with RA. Several pivotal clinical trials are included, highlighting data from: i) trials of TCZ-IV; ii) trials of TCZ-SC; and iii) trials comparing IV to SC TCZ. TCZ use in pediatric populations is beyond the scope of this review.

Expert opinion: The efficacy and safety of TCZ-IV in the treatment of RA has been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials, both as monotherapy and in combination with traditional DMARDs. The data for TCZ-SC is similar, albeit with a higher frequency of injection site reactions (ISRs). With careful patient selection, the benefit: risk ratio is favorable, offering patients a rapid and sustained reduction in disease activity, improved function and reduced structural damage. Given that most patients prefer SC to IV medication, TCZ-SC will likely become a mainstay, along with other biologic agents, for the treatment of RA patients who have failed traditional non-biologic DMARDs.     

Watson人性照顾理论在手术室护士职业防护中的应用效果

目的探讨Watson人性照顾理论在手术室护士职业防护中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选择2018年1月—2019年12月在树兰(杭州)医院手术室工作的24名护士为研究对象。本研究为前后对照研究,于2019年1月开始在常规管理的基础上实施基于Watson人性照顾理论的职业防护管理干预。采用自制的护士职业危险风险评估表、护士职业认同量表和护士工作满意度量表比较干预前后护士的职业风险认知能力、职业认同感和工作满意度。结果干预后护士的环境风险、事故风险、生物风险、化学风险、物理风险维度得分高于干预前[(21.7±2.8)vs(.17.5±3.0)、(21.8±3.2)vs.(16.0±2.7)、(16.7±2.6)vs(.14.4±2.5)、(22.0±2.3)vs(.17.8±2.8)、(16.1±2.2)vs(.13.8±2.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后护士的一致感、把握感、患者影响感、自我决定感、自我效力感、有意义感及组织影响感维度得分均高于干预前[(81.5±5.6)vs(.77.8±6.4)、(77.9±4.8)vs(.74.4±5.2)、(81.2±5.0)vs.(76.7±5.5)、(82.2±6.1)vs(.77.2±5.7)、(83.5±5.1)vs(.79.3±4.7)、(84.7±4.5)vs(.80.2±4.9)、(80.1±5.6)vs.(75.7±6.2)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后护士的工作满意度量表得分为(126.7±12.5)分,高于干预前的(113.2±11.3)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论将Watson人性照顾理论应用于手术室护士职业防护中,可提高手术室护士的职业风险认知能力、职业认同感和工作满意度,值得临床推广。     

Minocycline attenuates HIV‐1 infection and suppresses chronic immune activation in humanized NOD/LtsZ‐scidIL‐2Rγnull mice

More than a quarter of a century of research has established chronic immune activation and dysfunctional T cells as central features of chronic HIV infection and subsequent immunodeficiency. Consequently, the search for a new immunomodulatory therapy that could reduce immune activation and improve T‐cell function has been increased. However, the lack of small animal models for in vivo HIV study has hampered progress. In the current study, we have investigated a model of cord blood haematopoietic progenitor cells (CB‐HPCs) ‐transplanted humanized NOD/LtsZ‐scidIL‐2Rγ^null mice in which progression of HIV infection is associated with widespread chronic immune activation and inflammation. Indeed, HIV infection in humanized NSG mice caused up‐regulation of several T‐cell immune activation markers such as CD38, HLA‐DR, CD69 and co‐receptor CCR5. T‐cell exhaustion markers PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 were found to be significantly up‐regulated on T cells. Moreover, increased plasmatic levels of lipopolysaccharide, sCD14 and interleukin‐10 were also observed in infected mice. Treatment with minocycline resulted in a significant decrease of expression of cellular and plasma immune activation markers, inhibition of HIV replication and improved T‐cell counts in HIV‐infected humanized NSG mice. The study demonstrates that minocycline could be an effective, low‐cost adjunctive treatment to regulate chronic immune activation and replication of HIV.