弥漫型大B细胞淋巴瘤EZH2、XIAP和Survivin蛋白表达水平及意义

目的探讨弥漫型大B细胞淋巴瘤Zeste同源物增强子2(EZH2)、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)和生存素(Survivin)蛋白表达水平及意义。方法选取弥漫型大B细胞淋巴瘤组织92例作为观察组,同时选取反应性增生淋巴结组织50例作为对照组,采用免疫组化染色法检测EZH2、XIAP和Survivin蛋白表达。结果观察组EZH2、XIAP和Survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为77.17%、55.43%和60.87%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期EZH2、XIAP和Survivin蛋白表达阳性率分别为90.70%、86.05%和81.40%,明显高于临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.05);EZH2与XIAP、Survivin蛋白表达呈正相关(γ=0.547、0.360,P均<0.05),XIAP与Survivin蛋白表达呈正相关(γ=0.581,P<0.05)。结论弥漫型大B细胞淋巴瘤EZH2、XIAP和Survivin蛋白表达水平上调,与临床分期有一定关系,三者间存在相关关系。     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis presenting as oral ecthyma gangrenosum in identical twins with Bruton tyrosine kinase gene mutation: Two case reports and review of the literature

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency disease. We reported two 7-month-old identical male twins with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis who initially manifested as oral ecthyma gangrenosum and were finally diagnosed to have XLA. In both cases, we confirmed the c.862C > T BTK missense mutation in exon 10 at the SH2 domain.     

X- 连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良一家系TRAPPC2 基因变异分析

目的分析由TRAPPC2基因变异致X连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良(SEDT-XL)的临床及基因变异特点。方法回顾分析1个SEDT-XL家系的临床资料及基因检测结果。结果先证者,9岁2个月,因生长缓慢就诊,语言、运动及智力发育正常。身高115 cm(-3SD),臂间距109 cm,上部量56 cm,下部量59 cm,体质量21 kg,招风耳,尖下颌,牙列不齐,颈短,脊柱侧弯,心肺腹未见异常。采集先证者及其父母和舅舅的外周血行全外显子测序,结果显示先证者TRAPPC2基因4号外显子区域存在1个半合子变异c.115delC,导致氨基酸改变p.Q39Sfs*3。该半合子变异来自其母亲,其舅舅存在相同的半合子变异位点。结论 TRAPPC2基因4号外显子区域c.115delC突变为该家系SEDT-XL的致病原因。     

COL4A5 基因插入突变致Alport 综合征一家系报告

目的探讨Alport综合征的临床特点及其相关致病基因。方法回顾分析1个Alport综合征家系的临床资料。结果先证者,男,11岁8个月,COL4A5基因中鉴定出TTCT插入突变(c.41_42 dup TCTT),该插入突变引起了移码突变。使用Integrative Genomics Viewer软件进行分析,该移码突变导致自之后的第13个氨基酸残基发生改变,且在第40个氨基酸残基处出现终止密码子,导致蛋白表达提前终止。患儿母亲和外祖母均携带该变异,分别在35岁和34岁时达到终末期肾病,且都有听力受损,但未发现眼部异常。家系分析表明该变异与该家系患病成员存在共分离关联。结论基因检测有助于Alport综合征确诊,该家系扩展了Alport综合征的致病变异谱。     

中国X连锁视网膜色素变性家系RPGR新突变

目的 检测分析被诊断为X连锁视网膜色素变性（XLRP）的三个中国家系内的基因突变。设计 基因研究。研究对象 三个中国XLRP家系共27位受试者（其中18人为男性）。方法 由同一医生收集家系成员的详细临床资料并进行眼部检查，采集三个家系的先证者及有条件采血者的外周静脉血，提取基因组DNA。应用PCR技术扩增RPGR和RP2基因的全部外显子和内含子交界区序列，包括RPGR基因15号外显子开放阅读框，产物直接测序进行突变分析。主要指标 临床特征及基因测序结果。结果 基因筛查证实了两个RPGR基因的新型无义突变(c.1541C>G;p.S514X 和 c.2833G>T;p.E945X) 及一个错义突变(c.607G>C;p.A203P)。基因型-表型的相关性分析表明家系3患者在接近ORF15下游位置存在突变，这种突变导致视锥细胞功能的早期丧失。ORF15无义突变的女性携带者临床表型重，呈现出部分显性遗传的特点。结论 本研究证实了三种RPGR基因的新型突变，这一结果扩展了RPGR的突变谱及表型谱。     

一例X-连锁高IgM综合征合并进行性多灶性脑白质病的基因变异分析

目的对1例临床拟诊为X-连锁高IgM综合征(X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome,XHIM)并发进行性多灶性脑白质病变(progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,PML)的患儿CD40L基因及人类嗜神经多瘤病毒(Jamestown Canyon virus,JCV)进行检测,明确致病原因,为临床诊断提供依据。方法采集患儿及父母外周血提取基因组NDA,设计扩增CD40L基因5个外显子及外显子-内含子连接区的特异性引物并进行PCR扩增,产物测序结果与GenBank中CD40L基因序列分析对比确定有无变异。用两对JCV特异性引物对患儿外周血DNA行巢式PCR扩增,目的条带PCR产物测序结果与GenBank中JCV序列对比确定患儿是否存在JCV感染。结果测序结果显示患儿为CD40L c.506 A>C(p.Tyr169Ser)错义变异半合子,该变异位于CD40L肿瘤坏死因子同源区结构域,引起CD40L蛋白疏水作用及结构稳定性丧失,经PolyPhen2及SIFT蛋白功能预测软件预测分别为很可能有害变异(probably damaging,score=1.00)及有害变异(deleterious,score=-8.868),该变异尚未见文献报道。患儿母亲携带CD40L c.506 A>C(p.Tyr169Ser)半合子变异,父亲未检测到该变异。患儿外周血DNA巢式PCR产物经凝胶电泳后发现JCV目的条带,测序结果与GenBank中JCV基因序列比对同源性达到99%,表明患儿外周血DNA中含有JCV,有JCV感染。结论CD40L基因分析及JCV检测结果确诊患儿为XHIGM,其并发的PML与JCV感染有关。     

Atopic dermatitis without serum immunoglobulin E elevation or loss-of-function filaggrin gene mutation in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia

A case of atopic dermatitis (AD) with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), which is one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases, is reported. A 12-year-old boy had suffered from dry skin and recurrent itchy eruptions since he was 2 years old, and he was diagnosed as having XLA at the age of 4 years. His total immunoglobulin (Ig)E level was 7 IU/mL, even with regular Ig replacement therapy. Furthermore, filaggrin (FLG) mutations known in the Japanese population were not found. His skin lesions were well controlled by the application of a mild-class topical steroid and a moisturizer, though he developed folliculitis due to Staphylococcus aureus infection during treatment with a strong-class topical steroid. This case suggests that the FLG mutation and IgE-mediated sensitization are not necessary to induce AD skin manifestation.