左卡尼汀治疗心肌炎的临床效果与安全性观察

目的对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀治疗的效果和安全性进行探究。方法研究对象以2018年7月-2019年9月收治的心肌炎患者82例为对象,以随机数字表划分为常规组和研究组,两组患者每组41例。采用常规治疗方式对常规组进行治疗,在此基础上,采用左卡尼汀对研究组进行治疗。在治疗结束后,观察并比较临床疗效和用药过程的安全问题。结果研究组的治疗总有效率为97.6%,但常规组的治疗总有效率只有80.5%,从结果来看研究组的治疗有效率更高,效果更佳突出,组间结果差异对比(P <0.05)。在不良反应方面,研究组的不良反应(4.9%)虽然比常规组(2.4%)更高,然而从统计学结果来看差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论针对心肌炎患者采用左卡尼汀进行治疗具有很好的效果,而且具有很高的安全性。     

Archaebiotics

Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by gut bacteria from dietary ingredients. In individuals with a hereditary defect in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, bacterial TMA production is believed to contribute to the symptoms of trimethylaminuria (TMAU; fish-odor syndrome). Intestinal microbiota TMA metabolism may also modulate atherosclerosis risk by affecting trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) production levels. We propose that reducing TMA formation in the gut by converting it to an inert molecule could be used to prevent or limit these human diseases, while avoiding the major drawbacks of other clinical interventions. Reducing TMA levels by microbiological interventions could also be helpful in some vaginoses. Particular members of a recently discovered group of methanogens, that are variably present in the human gut, are unusual in being apparently restricted to utilizing only methyl compounds including TMA as substrates. We confirmed experimentally that one of these strains tested, Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis B10, is able to deplete TMA, by reducing it with H₂ for methanogenesis. We therefore suggest that members of this archaeal lineage could be used as treatments for metabolic disorders.     

L-carnitine alleviates sciatic nerve crush injury in rats：functional and electron microscopy assessments

Several studies have demonstrated that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats with diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that L-carnitine exhibits neuro-protective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats. Rat sciatic nerve was crush injured by a forceps and exhibited degenerative changes. After intragastric administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine for 30 days, axon area, myelin sheath area, axon diameter, myelin sheath diameter, and numerical density of the myelinated axons of injured sciatic nerve were similar to normal, and the function of injured sciatic nerve also improved signiifcantly. These ifndings suggest that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats.     

脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者肠内营养素应用的临床观察

目的：探讨肠内营养混悬液对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的营养支持作用。方法：将60例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组经鼻饲管或胃造瘘管推注肠内营养混悬液总蛋白纤维低聚果糖(TPF-FOS)及自制匀浆膳;对照组经鼻饲管或胃造瘘管给予家庭自制匀浆膳。分别评估2组患者治疗前后的各项相关生化和躯体营养指标。结果：治疗14d后,观察组白蛋白浓度、前白蛋白浓度较治疗前及对照组治疗后明显提高（P＜0.05）。结论：肠内营养混悬液TPF-FOS能够改善患者的营养状态,有助于患者的神经功能全面康复。     

左卡尼汀对柯萨奇A16型病毒感染手足口病的心肌保护作用

目的探讨左卡尼汀对柯萨奇病毒A16型感染所致手足口病(HFMD)的心肌保护作用及机制。方法 60例心肌酶谱异常的HFMD患儿随机分为左卡尼汀治疗组(左卡组)和1,6-二磷酸果糖治疗组(果糖组),每组30例,在抗病毒、退热等基础上分别给予左卡尼汀或果糖二磷酸钠治疗,并以同期体检的健康儿童30例为对照组。比较HFMD患儿治疗前后的心肌酶谱、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、细胞凋亡因子sFas和sFasL的变化。结果两组HFMD患儿治疗有效性的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),仅果糖组1例进展为危重型。治疗前,左卡组和果糖组心肌酶谱、MDA、sFas、sFasL水平高于对照组(P0.05),SOD低于对照组(P0.05),但HFMD的两组间心肌酶谱、MDA、SOD、sFas、sFasL的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,左卡组和果糖组的心肌酶谱以及MDA、sFas、sFasL浓度均下降(P0.05),SOD水平增高(P0.05);治疗后除果糖组的CK高于对照组和左卡组,其余心肌酶指标及MDA、sFas、sFasl在两组间及与对照组的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。SOD水平与AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB呈负相关(r分别为-0.437、-0.364、-0.397、-0.519,P0.05),MDA水平与LDH、CK-MB呈正相关(r分别为0.382、0.411,P0.05)。结论左卡尼汀对柯萨奇病毒A16型感染所致HFMD有较好的心肌保护作用,可能与清除氧自由基和抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

尿毒症血清促进脐静脉内皮细胞活性氧、白介素-6的产生及左旋肉毒碱的干预作用

目的观察体外尿毒症血清环境诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）活性氧（ROS）及白介素-6（IL-6）的产生及左旋肉毒碱（L—CN）对它们的影响。方法以2、7-二氢二氯荧光素染色（DCFH）和荧光分光光度计法检测ROS强度，RT—PCR和ELISA方法检测IL-6表达，观察尿毒症血清对HUVEC的影响和不同浓度L—CN（25μM．250μM，1000μM，2500μM）的干预作用。结果尿毒症血清环境能使细胞内ROS产生及IL-6表达明显增加；而L—CN可明显抑制尿毒症血清环境中细胞内ROS产生及IL-6表达，且有浓度依赖效应。结论尿毒症血清促使血管内皮微炎症状态的建立，L—CN可抑制其组织活性氧及白介素-6的产生，减轻尿毒症患者慢性炎症反应，对血管粥样硬化病变可能有延缓作用。     

左卡尼汀联合西地那非对雄性糖尿病大鼠生殖内分泌功能的保护作用

目的:初步探讨左卡尼汀与西地那非片在保护糖尿病(DM)大鼠生殖内分泌功能中的作用。方法:40只体重为200～230 g的雄性SD大鼠随机均分为5组:A组为正常对照组,B组为DM大鼠模型组,C组为DM大鼠给予西地那非[5 mg/(kg.d)]治疗组,D组为DM大鼠给予左卡尼汀[300 mg/(kg.d)]治疗组,E组为DM大鼠给予左卡尼汀[300 mg/(kg.d)]联合西地那非[5 mg/(kg.d)]治疗组。各组大鼠治疗6周后分别进行血睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)的检测。结果:糖尿病大鼠治疗6周后,血清T,FSH、LH含量,A组:T为(25.25±2.67)nmol/L,FSH为(5.78±0.61)IU/L,LH为(625.21±43.45)ng/L;B组:T为(9.63±1.71)nmol/L,FSH为(1.98±0.42)IU/L,LH为(479.89±27.62)ng/L:C组:T为(18.98±3.07)nmol/L,FSH为(5.08±0.33)IU/L,LH为(586.57±31.72)ng/L;D组:T为(16.18±2.65)nmol/L,FSH为(4.63±0.30)IU/L;LH为(540.78±25.52)ng/L;E组:T为(23.65±2.66)nmol/L,FSH为(5.59±0.48)IU/L,LH为(621.53±36.40)ng/L。各组血清T,FSH、LH含量之间比较,B组均显著低于A、C、D、E组(P均<0.01);C、D组均显著低于A、E组(P均<0.05),而C、D组之间比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);E组与A组比较,差异也均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:西地那非片与左卡尼汀灌胃6周后均可增加DM大鼠血清T、FSH、LH的水平,而两者联合用药时,T、FSH、LH增加水平比单独用药更明显,显示联合用药在保护雄性DM大鼠生殖内分泌功能方面效果更佳。     

左卡尼汀对30例维持性血透患者生活质量和铁负荷的影响

目的 观察静脉注射左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者生活质量评分和铁蛋白水平的影响,探讨左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者生活质量及铁负荷的影响.方法 选择在我院血液透析中心透析龄超过6个月的维持性血液透析患者30例,每次透析结束后,静脉注射左卡尼汀2 g,随访3个月,分别在治疗前、治疗3个月末给患者应用SF36系统进行生活质量评分并检测血清铁蛋白浓度.结果 治疗3个月后患者的生活质量评分由注射左卡尼汀前的32.90±14.39上升到52.45±12.56;铁蛋白浓度由治疗前的(500±86.07)mg/L下降到(306±78.19)mg/L.结论 静脉注射左卡尼汀可明显改善维持性血液透析患者的生活质量,同时铁负荷水平明显下降.     

Acute myocardial ischaemia induces cardiac carnitine release in man

In animal studies, prolonged periods of ischaemia decrease thecardiac carnitine content. However, whether in humans the heartloses carnitine during short-term ischaemia, and whether thisis related to ischaemia-induced cardiac dysfunction, is as yetunknown. Carnitine kinetics were investigated in 28 normotensivepatients with significant left coronary artery disease, duringand after incremental atrial pacing. To evaluate carnitine kineticsfrom the ischaemic area, patients were grouped as those with(n=22) or without (n=6) myocardial lactate production. Atrialpacing resulted in a comparable maximal heart rate and ST depressionin both groups. Carnitine kinetics did not change in those withoutlactate production. In contrast, coronary venous free carnitinelevels increased significantly by 9% during pacing in thosewith lactate production. Cardiac free carnitine balance changedfrom uptake (255 ± 107 pmol. min^–1, mean ±SEM) to release (–150 ± 66 pmol. min^–1) at30 min after pacing in the group with lactate production. Arterialand coronary venous differences in free carnitine were significantlycorrelated with myocardial lactate extraction immediately afterpacing. The change in coronary venous free carnitine was significantlycorrelated with the change in left ventricular ejection fractionat 10 min after pacing. Thus, in patients with coronary arterydisease, short-term mild myocardial ischaemia results in significantcardiac free carnitine loss.     

Dietary and nutraceutical approach to type 2 diabetes

Nutritional medical treatment is the first step to achieve adequate glycemic control and prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle changes include moderate weight loss (7%) and regular physical activity (150 min/week). The appropriate diet composition is < 30% total fat, < 10% saturated fats, > 15 g/1000 kcal fiber, half soluble, 45–60% of carbohydrates with amoderate intake of sugar (50 g/day) and protein intake of 15–20% of the total calories a day. Patients need to limit the intake of saturated fats to < 7% of the daily calorie intake. Monounsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil and other vegetable oils are recommended. L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, berberine and ω-3 fatty acids can be useful supplements.