吗啡及纳洛酮对淋巴细胞体外增殖的作用(英文)

目的:研究吗啡对不同淋巴细胞增殖的作用及纳洛酮的影响.方法:观察吗啡对未成熟的、静止的及活化的脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖影响及纳洛酮的阻断作用.结果:吗啡(1×10~(-10)—1×10~(-6)mol L~(-1))能增加Con A诱导的T-细胞的增殖,1 μmol L~(-1)还能促进LPS诱导的B-细胞的增殖,同时这些增强作用都能被纳洛酮50μmol L~(-1)阻断,纳洛酮单独亦能促进活化T-细胞的增殖.而吗啡1×10~(-10)—1×10~(-5)mol L~(-1)对静止的脾脏淋巴细胞及Con A活化的胸腺淋巴细胞的增殖都无影响.但是吗啡1mmol L~(-1)能广泛抑制静止的、LPS活化的脾脏细胞及Con A活化的胸腺,脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,且都不能被纳洛酮阻断.结论:吗啡对活化T-和B-细胞的促进作用是由细胞表面的阿片受体介导的,此阿片受体随着淋巴细胞的成熟和活化而变化,而吗啡1 mmol L~(-1)对淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用却不是由经典的阿片受体介导的.     

人胎盘脂多糖辅助治疗支气管哮喘临床疗效观察

目的观察人胎盘脂多糖辅助治疗儿童支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将我院91例支气管哮喘患儿随机分成2组,治疗组46例,采用综合疗法,发作期应用沙丁胺醇、普米克令舒、氨茶碱治疗,缓解期肌内注射人胎盘脂多糖、气雾吸入倍氯米松;对照组45例,发作期用沙丁胺醇、普米克令舒、氨茶碱治疗,缓解期气雾吸入倍氯米松。结果治疗2周后治疗组、对照组对改善喘息、咳嗽症状比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。随访1年,治疗组复发率与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论人胎盘脂多糖辅助治疗支气管哮喘疗效确切,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Nitric oxide synthase activity is inducible in rat,but not rabbit alveolar macrophages,with a concomitant reduction in arginase activity

Alveolar macrophages were obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage of isolated rat and rabbit lungs and cultured (2.5 × 10⁶ cells/dish) for 18 h in the absence or presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) alone or in combination with cytokines. Thereafter, accumulation of ³H-citrulline (NO synthase activity) and ³H-ornithine (arginase activity) were determined.During incubation of rat alveolar macrophages with ³H-arginine clear amounts of ³H-citrulline and ³H-ornithine (3.8 and 4.6% of the added ³H-arginine, respectively) were formed and most of these metabolites appeared in the incubation medium (ratios extra-/intracellular of 17 and 70 for ³H-citrulline and ³H-ornithine, respectively). When rat alveolar macrophages had been cultured with LPS the formation of ³H-citrulline was increased about 30-fold and this was accompanied by a reduction in ³H-ornithine formation of about 60%. The effects of LPS were largely attenuated by dexamethasone (10 mol/1). Inhibition of NO synthase by N^G-monomethyl-l,-arginine (l-NMMA, 100 mol/1) in LPS treated alveolar macrophages reduced the formation ³H-citrulline by more than 90% and restored the ³H-ornithine formation. After culturing in the presence of LPS the ratios extra/intracellular of ³H-citrulline and ³H-ornithine were markedly enhanced and this effect was not dexamethasone sensitive. During incubation of rabbit alveolar macrophages a marked formation of ³H-ornithine (about 5.3% of the added ³H-arginine), but no significant formation of ³H-citrulline could be detected. Pretreatment with LPS tended to enhance the formation of ³H-ornithine (by 50%) without effects on ³H-citrulline. Rabbit-interferon and/or tumor necrosis factor- present together with LPS during the culture period did not result in a significant ³H-citrulline formation. Under all conditions tested, culture media of rabbit alveolar macrophages did not contain significant amounts of nitrite (less than 0.5 nmol) whereas in culture media of untreated rat alveolar macrophages 22 nmol nitrite (per 18 h) were detected, and LPS induced a 3-fold nitrite accumulation, an effect prevented by dexamethasone.In conclusion, in rabbit alveolar macrophages NO synthase activity was not detectable and could also not be induced by LPS and different cytokines, whereas in rat alveolar macrophages NO synthase was readily inducible. Alveolar macrophages of both species showed marked arginase activity. After induction of marked NO synthase activity, ornithine formation was largely reduced possibly by concomitant inhibition of arginase and/or withdrawn of arginine from arginase.     

重组水蛭素治疗兔弥散性血管内凝血

目的:观察重组水蛭素对治疗脂多糖致兔弥散性血管内凝血模型的抗凝疗效。方法:建立兔脂多糖弥散性血管内凝血模型,18只新西兰大白兔随机分为3组,静脉注射脂多糖的同时分别予生理盐水、普通肝素和重组水蛭素,于注射脂多糖前,注射后2,4,6h检测血小板计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间、抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白原、血清纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP);并观察心、肺脏器的病理变化。结果:模型组兔活化部分凝血活酶时间明显延长,血小板计数和纤维蛋白原显著降低,抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性明显下降,与肝素组相比重组水蛭素组血小板和纤维蛋白原消耗减少,抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性下降程度减轻。所有实验动物血清FDP变化无统计学差异。病理检查模型组心、肝、肺、肾、脾脏可见微血栓形成,重组水蛭素组均未见微血栓形成。结论:重组水蛭素具有明显的抗凝作用,可有效治疗弥散性血管内凝血。     

Emphysema induced by elastase enhances acute inflammatory pulmonary response to intraperitoneal LPS in rats

Abnormalities in lungs caused by emphysema might alter their response to sepsis and the occurrence of acute lung injury (ALI). This study compared the extension of ALI in response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in Wistar rats with and without emphysema induced by elastase. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: control, emphysema without sepsis, normal lung with sepsis and emphysema with sepsis. Sepsis was induced, and 24 h later the rats were euthanised. The following analysis was performed: blood gas measurements, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung permeability and histology. Animals that received LPS showed significant increase in a lung injury scoring system, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and IL‐6, TNF‐α and CXCL2 mRNA expression in lung tissue. Animals with emphysema and sepsis showed increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability, demonstrated by higher BAL/serum albumin ratio. In conclusion, the presence of emphysema induced by elastase increases the inflammatory response in the lungs to a systemic stimulus, represented in this model by the intraperitoneal injection of LPS.     

Interacting with α7 nAChR is a new mechanism for AChE to enhance the inflammatory response in macrophages

Acetylcholine (ACh) regulates inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme hydrolyzing ACh, is expressed in immune cells suggesting non-classical function in inflammatory responses. Here, the expression of PRiMA-linked G4 AChE was identified on the surface of macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory processes, AChE was upregulated by the binding of NF-κB onto the ACHE promotor. Conversely, the overexpression of G4 AChE inhibited ACh-suppressed cytokine release and cell migration, which was in contrast to that of applied AChE inhibitors. AChEmt, a DNA construct without enzymatic activity, was adopted to identify the protein role of AChE in immune system. Overexpression of G4 AChEmt induced cell migration and inhibited ACh-suppressed cell migration. The co-localization of α7 nAChR and AChE was found in macrophages, suggesting the potential interaction of α7 nAChR and AChE. Besides, immunoprecipitation showed a close association of α7 nAChR and AChE protein in cell membrane. Hence, the novel function of AChE in macrophage by interacting with α7 nAChR was determined. Together with hydrolysis of ACh, AChE plays a direct role in the regulation of inflammatory response. As such, AChE could serve as a novel target to treat age-related diseases by anti-inflammatory responses.     

Does Calcium Hydroxide Reduce Endotoxins in Infected Root Canals? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of endotoxin reduction by comparing the number of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) before and after the use of calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]₂) as intracanal medication (ICM).MethodsSearches were performed up to June 2020. Clinical and experimental studies comparing the amount of LPSs before and after the use of Ca(OH)₂ as ICM in infected root canals were included. Risks of bias assessment and data extraction were performed. Meta-analysis was conducted by subgrouping according to Ca(OH)₂, the presence of an antimicrobial substance (AS), irrigant solution during chemomechanical preparation (CMP), and the incidence of LPS reduction. The certainty of evidence was determined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsNine studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the meta-analysis. Three articles had low risk of bias (RB), 1 had moderate RB, 2 had high RB, and 3 “some concerns.” Overall, Ca(OH)₂, with or without AS, reduced mean LPSs before CMP (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.087 [confidence interval {CI}, −1.453 to −0.721], P < .001, I² = 58.7%) and after CMP (SMD = −0.919 [CI, −1.156 to −0.682], P < .001, I² = 24.7%). Considering the irrigant solutions, the overall results showed a reduction before (SMD = −1.053 [CI, −1.311 to −0.795], P < .001, I² = 58.7%) and after CMP (SMD = −0.938 [CI, −1.147 to −0.729], P < .001, I² = 24,6%). Analyses presented very low certainty of evidence. The incidence of LPS reduction was 98.9% and 61.7% for Ca(OH)₂ with and without AS, respectively.ConclusionsCa(OH)₂ reduces endotoxin levels when used as ICM but is unable to eliminate LPSs completely independent of the irrigating solution used with very low certainty of evidence.     

欧前胡素对小鼠急性肺损伤的影响及其机制研究

目的 探讨欧前胡素对小鼠急性肺损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法 将32只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、欧前胡素30?mg/kg组、欧前胡素60?mg/kg组。用欧前胡素预处理,脂多糖诱导进行模型复制,7?h后收集小鼠肺组织。测量肺湿/干重比,采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察小鼠肺组织病理学改变,检测小鼠肺组织中髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活力及活性氧类（ROS）的水平,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测小鼠肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）,Western blotting检测小鼠肺组织中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）、蛋白激酶B（Akt）、核转录因子κB（NF-κB）p65及基质金属蛋白酶-9 （MMP-9）蛋白表达水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织损伤评分、肺组织ROS水平及PI3K、Akt、NF-κB p65蛋白磷酸化水平升高（P?<0.05）,TNF-α、IL-1β的释放及MMP-9蛋白表达水平升高（P?<0.05）;与模型组比较,欧前胡素组能够减轻肺组织损伤,降低肺损伤评分（P?<0.05）,降低小鼠肺组织中ROS水平及PI3K、Akt、NF-κB p65蛋白磷酸化水平（P?<0.05）,降低TNF-α、IL-1β的释放及MMP-9蛋白表达水平（P?<0.05）;与欧前胡素30?mg/kg组比较,欧前胡素60?mg/kg组小鼠肺损伤评分、肺组织ROS水平、Akt及NF-κB p65蛋白磷酸化水平、TNF-α的释放及MMP-9蛋白表达水平降低（P?<0.05）,PI3K蛋白磷酸化水平及IL-1β的释放差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。结论 欧前胡素对脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤有保护作用,其作用机制可能与脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤中ROS被抑制,以及ROS介导的PI3K/Akt/NF-κB通路被抑制有关。     

二烯丙基三硫醚对脂多糖诱导小鼠肺炎的改善作用

目的探讨二烯丙基三硫醚(DATS)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠肺炎的改善作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及DATS 20、40、80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 20、40、80 mg/kg治疗组。通过ip LPS制备小鼠急性肺炎模型,考察DATS对血清生化指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、炎症因子一氧化氮(NO)、细胞白介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、肺组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、NO、NF-κB p65的影响。结果 DATS 40、80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 40、80 mg/kg治疗组能显著降低AST、NO、IL-8和TNF-α水平(P0.05),DATS 80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 80 mg/kg能显著降低LDH水平(P0.05),显著升高SOD水平(P0.05)。DATS 80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 80 mg/kg治疗组能显著升高MPO和NO水平(P0.05),并能抑制NF-κB p65的转移。结论 DATS对LPS诱导的肺部氧化损伤和炎症反应有一定的逆转作用,与DATS抑制NF-κB核转移和MPO活性有关。