Adaptation of salivary Lactobacillus strains to xylitol

OBJECTIVE: Acid production from sugars is one of the virulence factors of cariogenic bacteria. To eliminate this factor, many authors have suggested using sugar substitutes like xylitol, which is not fermented by most oral bacteria. The aim of this work was to investigate whether oral strains of lactobacilli unable to utilise xylitol could become able to utilise this polyol. DESIGN: Twenty-eight oral strains and six ATCC strains of lactobacilli were tested. None was initially able to produce acids from xylitol. Media containing only xylitol was used in order to see if an adaptation was possible. The acid production from xylitol was measured by recording the pH variations of the culture medium. The acids produced were identified by HPLC. RESULTS: After a 15-days culture, 10 strains produced acids. After a 40-days culture, 11 more strains produced acid. When acid production occurred, lactic, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids were the organic acids formed by all the strains. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptation of oral strains of lactobacilli to xylitol can occur in vitro.     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与常见疾病之间关系的研究进展

甲状腺疾病作为内分泌疾病系统的一类,近年来,随着物质生活水平的提升其发病率有上升的趋势,同时合并常见病的发病率大幅度提升。例如:妊娠方面、糖代谢方面、血脂异常及动脉粥样硬化、高尿酸方面。总结近几年中西医方面对这些并发疾病的治疗经验,特别运用辨证论治、辨病论治的中医在亚健康治疗有着独特的疗效,结合现代先进的诊察技术,研究二者之间的关联,给予临床更好指导。     

Simple versus complex carbohydrates and health: A frequently neglected problem

AimsFor several decades, there has been a notion that dietary fat is made of different components (at least SAFA, MUFA, and PUFA) that exhibit different and sometimes contrasting effects when associated with health and diseases: coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general. A similar fact is not noticed in carbohydrates and their components considering that even some major recent studies on the issue did not segregate simple carbohydrates from complex carbohydrates. In this study, we aimed to stress this need.Data synthesisA small number of selected studies are presented and commented where segregation of simple from complex carbohydrates was either performed or disregarded to address the inconsistency of not disentangling them.ConclusionsIf only total fats were considered in investigations where fat was studied, the present notion and attitude toward different roles of the various classes of fats, at least SAFA versus unsaturated (MUFA and PUFA) would be missing. Therefore, there is a need to disentangle simple from complex carbohydrates, and this should be systematically applied when addressing CHD or CVD mortality risks and their preventive measures.     

定时血糖监测在RICU危重症患者血糖管理中的应用及意义

RICU病房中危重症患者的血糖管理已经成为临床医务工作者的重点.本文通过对危重患者血糖的定时监测,总结出的血糖管理方法,临床护理人员在血糖管理中有着非常重要的作用.定期监测患者的血糖,纠正血糖异常将患者的血糖控制在理想的范围内能有效改善危重患者病情,对促进疾病恢复,减少并发症,降低病死率有着重要意义.     

Effect of the association of maltodextrin and sucrose on the acidogenicity and adherence of cariogenic bacteria

ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effect of maltodextrin and sucrose association on the acidogenic and adherence profiles of cariogenic bacteria.DesignStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) were cultivated in culture medium containing maltodextrin, sucrose, maltodextrin–sucrose mixture or glucose. Analyses of the acidogenicity and microbial adherence were conducted in triplicate for each microorganism and tested carbohydrate.ResultsFor L. casei, maltodextrin, sucrose and maltodextrin–sucrose mixture showed lower acidogenic potential compared to glucose. When the microorganism was S. mutans, sucrose and maltodextrin–sucrose mixture presented higher acidogenic potential compared to maltodextrin and glucose. Microbial adherence analysis revealed higher adherence for S. mutans in presence of sucrose and maltodextrin–sucrose mixture compared to maltodextrin and glucose. For L. casei, all the carbohydrates showed similar adherence percentages.ConclusionThe addition of maltodextrin to sucrose does not increase the cariogenicity of sucrose in terms of acidogenicity and adherence of the cariogenic bacteria.     

早孕期空腹血浆血糖与妊娠期糖代谢异常的相关性

目的 探讨早孕期空腹血浆血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)与妊娠期糖代谢异常的相关性.方法 选取2009年1月1日至2009年5月31日在北京大学第一医院妇产科产前保健及分娩的单胎非孕前糖尿病且早孕期5～13周检测FPG、资料齐全的孕妇656例,对其早孕期FPG孕24周后50 g葡萄糖负荷试验结果(glucose challenge test,GCT)、75 g葡萄糖耐量试验结果(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)、妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)和妊娠期糖耐量受损(gestational impaired glucose tolerance,GIGT)发病情况进行受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)分析.结果 (1)早孕期FPG与孕24周后GCT的ROC分析:最大曲线下面积0.539,95%CI:0.493～0.586,两者无明显相关性(P=0.057).(2)早孕期FPG与孕24周后FPG异常的ROC分析:最大曲线下面积0.796(95%CI:0.672～0.920),如取5.05 mmol/L为界值,敏感性为54.5%,特异性为83.2%,两者存在相关性(r=0.432,P=0.000).(3)早孕期FPG与孕24周后OGTT 1、2、3 h血糖无相关性(r=0.093、0.036和0.107,P=0.122、0.549和0.074),OGTT服糖前与服糖后1、2、3 h血糖分别呈正相关(r=0.493、0.421和0.368,P均=0.000).(4)本研究中共656例早孕期孕妇的FPG值均＜6.1 mmol/L,诊断GDM 22例,GIGT 27例,早孕期FPG对预测最终发生GDM及GIGT无相关性.结论 早孕期FPG不能取代现有的50 g GCT作为孕期糖代谢异常的早期筛查指标,但早孕期FPG的检测是必要的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between early pregnancy fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and gestational glucose metabolism disorders. Methods Six hundred and fifty-six pregnant women who were singleton, non-diabetes before pregnancy and had FPG examined during 5-13 weeks of pregnancy were admitted into this study from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009. All these subjects had routine prenatal examination and finally delivered in the Department of Obstetrics of Peking University First Hospital. The FPG, 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) after 24 weeks of pregnancy, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results (1) Relationship between FPG and GCT were analyzed with ROC curve.The maximum area under curve was 0. 539 (95% CI: 0. 493-0. 586) and there was no correlation between the FPG and GCT results(P=0. 057). (2) Relationship between early pregnancy FPG and abnormal FPG examined after 24 gestational weeks were also analyzed . The maximum area under curve was 0. 796(95% CI: 0. 672-0. 920). If 5. 05 mmol/L was taken as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity was 54. 5% and 83. 2%, respectively. There was significant relationship between the two values (r=0. 432, P=0. 000). (3) There were no relationship between early pregnancy FPG and the blood glucose value of 1, 2 and 3 h in 75 g OGTT (r=0. 093, 0. 036 and 0. 107, P=0.122, 0. 549 and 0. 074 respectively). OGTT 0 h value was positively related to OGTT 1, 2 and3 h glucose level (r=0.493, 0.421 and 0.368, P=0.000, respectively). (4) All early pregnant FPG values in this study were under 6.1 mmol/L. Twenty-two GDM and 27 GIGT patients were diagnosed in this study. Early pregnancy FPG did not relate to the GDM and GIGT diagnosis.Conclusions Early pregnancy FPG could not replace 50 g GCT as an early screening for glucose metabolic abnormality in pregnancy, but FPG during early pregnancy is necessary.     

肝癌组织碱性磷酸酶糖链结构的研究

目的 探讨肝癌组织碱性磷酸酶(ALP)N-糖链结构的改变及与肝癌侵袭性的关系。方法 用凝集素亲和层析法检测9例正常肝组织、16例肝癌组织和16例肝癌癌旁组织中ALP的多种凝集素结合率。凝集素包括L型红腰豆凝集素(L-PHA)、小扁豆凝集素(LCA)、蔓陀萝凝集素(DSA)、E型红腰豆凝集素(E-PHA)和黑接榾凝集素(SNA)等。结果 肝癌组织ALP的L-PHA、LCA、DSA、E-PHA和SNA结合率分别为22.94％±5.30%、55.97％±13.72％、38.16％±8.87％、11.56％±4.81％和69.80％±13.71％,均明显高于正常肝组织(5.89％±2.75％、36.20％±11.58％、17.90％±6.71％、5.38％±2.20％和57.32％±11.27%),t值分别为8.94、3.64、5.94、3.62和2.32,P值均<0.01;侵袭性肝癌组织ALP的L-PHA结合率(25.84％±4.67％)明显高于非侵袭性肝癌组织(18.10％±3.64％),t 3.71,P<0.01。结论 肝癌组织ALP的糖链结构发生改变,且ALP的L-PHA结合率与肝癌侵袭性有关。     

真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果

目的探析真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法选取该院于2018年3月—2020年3月收治的100例糖尿病肾病患者,按照数字表法随机分为两组,对照组采用常规西药治疗,在此基础上观察组加用真武汤治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效和治疗前后的相关指标变化。结果观察组的总有效率88.0%高于对照组64.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.337,P<0.05);治疗前两组患者各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组的24 h尿微白蛋白排泄率(466.24±42.51)%、24 h尿蛋白含量(1.35±0.19)g/d、肌酐清除率(69.21±9.45)mL/min等肾功能指标低于对照组,观察组的HbA1c(7.67±2.20)%高于对照组,而2 hPG(7.79±1.98)mmol/L、FPG(4.14±1.77)mmol/L低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.407、3.790、5.185、4.501、4.813、3.807,P<0.05)。结论采用真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病可以提升疗效,并能改善肾功能和血糖水平,值得临床推广。