中药联合溴隐亭治疗女性高泌乳素血症的meta分析

目的系统评价中药联合溴隐亭治疗女性高泌乳素血症的疗效和安全性。方法检索VIP、WANFANG Data,CNKI. ,PubMe[J]. Sinomed Web of Science .Embase ,Coechrane Libranry SeneDiret数据库自建库以来至2020年11月5日公开发表的与中药联合溴隐亭治疗高泌乳素血症有关的临床随机对照试验。由两名研究者根据纳人及排除标准筛选文献,运用Cochnne协作网提供的RerMan 5.4版软件进行临床疗效和安全性评价。结果共纳人18箱文献，共计1934例惠者ometa分析结果显示,与对照組相比,试验组总有效率高(P<0.01),治疗后试验组血清泌乳素(PRL)水平、中医症状积分降低，血清雄二醇(E)水 平显著升高，试验组不良反应发生率和复发率低(P<0.01)。结论联合应用中药和澳隐亭治疗女性高铭乳素血症可提高临床疗效,降低PRL水平,改善Ea水平,且更加安全。     

Major depressive disorder induced by prolactinoma—a case report

Prolactinomas, the most common type of pituitary tumor, can induce hyperprolactinemia and cause some psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, depression and even psychotic symptoms ,  and . However, in previous case reports, no information about estrogen levels was mentioned. Here, we present a 48-year-old female patient who had a recurrent episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) and amenorrhea. Hyperprolactinemia (167 ng/ml), low estrogen (15.31 pg/ml) and a pituitary prolactinoma were found by MRI. After a dopamine agonist (Dostinex) and aripiprazole were prescribed, the patient's depressed mood remitted and her menstruation normalized. The possible mechanism of MDD induced by prolactinoma is discussed.     

Lack of Adrenal Androgen Stimulation by ACTH in Extreme Hyperprolactinemia

Acute and prolonged α 1 -24 corticotropin stimulation was performed on a treated chromophobe adenoma patient with partial ACTH deficiency and extreme hyperprolactinemia. Cortisol and aldosterone stimulated normally. However, the basal concentrations of androstenedione (A) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were low, and that of DHA-sulfate (DHAS) was undetectable. Furthermore, A and DHA did not stimulate normally, and DHAS did not stimulate at all. It has been claimed that adrenal androgen production is increased in hyperprolactinemia. However, the inability of prolactin (Prl) to maintain adrenal androgen (AA) secretion, with and without added ACTH, is demonstrated in this patient.     

Hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary metastasis: A case report

BACKGROUNDPituitary metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumors. Moreover, hyperprolactinemia and overall hypopituitarism caused by metastatic spread leading to the initial symptoms are rare.CASE SUMMARYA 53-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of bilateral blurred vision, dizziness, polyuria, nocturia, severe fatigue and somnolence, decreased libido, and intermittent nausea and vomiting for more than 6 mo. During the last 7 d, the dizziness had worsened. Laboratory investigations revealed overall hypofunction of the pituitary gland, but the patient had an elevated serum prolactin level (703.35 mg/mL). Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the sellar region, accompanied by intratumoral hemorrhage and calcification. Thus, transnasal subtotal resection of the lesion in the sellar region was performed. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected lesion revealed metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the pituitary gland. Oral hydrocortisone (30 mg/d) and levothyroxine (25 mg/d) were given both pre- and postoperatively. Post-operatively, the clinical symptoms were significantly improved. However, 4 mo following the surgery, the patient succumbed due to multiple organ failure.CONCLUSIONHyperprolactinemia is one of the markers of poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma that metastasizes to the pituitary gland. Exogenous hormone supplementation plays a positive role in relieving the symptoms of patients and improving quality of life.     

原发性甲状腺功能减退症继发垂体增生伴高泌乳素血症

目的报告1例原发性甲状腺功能减退症继发垂体增生伴高泌乳素血症患者,探讨其组织形态学、免疫组织化学表型、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗及预后等临床病理学特点。方法与结果女性患者,29岁,临床表现为月经失调1年,溢乳3个月,头痛1周。MRI提示垂体瘤可能性大。遂行经鼻蝶鞍区占位性病变探查术。组织学形态观察,部分腺泡细胞明显增生,呈局灶性结节状。免疫组织化学染色,增生的腺泡细胞弥漫性表达突触素、促甲状腺激素,部分表达催乳素,不表达甲状腺转录因子-1,淋巴细胞散在表达白细胞共同抗原,Ki-67抗原标记指数约1%。病理诊断为垂体增生,最终临床诊断为甲状腺功能减退症。持续服用左甲状腺素钠(优甲乐)100μg/d,随访13个月,一般状况良好。结论垂体增生诊断困难,明确诊断须依靠临床病史、组织学形态特征和免疫组织化学表型,应注意与垂体腺瘤尤其是垂体微腺瘤相鉴别。     

合用与换用阿立哌唑对已绝经女性精神分裂症患者催乳素水平影响的对照研究

目的:探讨已绝经女性精神分裂症合并高催乳素血症患者在合用与换用阿立哌唑时对其催乳素水平影响的对照研究。方法:对90例已绝经女性精神分裂症同时合并高催乳素血症的患者随机分为两组,合用组:45例,为原有药物联合阿立哌唑5mg/d治疗12周,换用组:45例,为原有药物更换为治疗剂量阿立哌唑(14.78±4.76mg/d)12周,治疗前和治疗后2、4、8、12周末分别测定催乳素水平并予以阳性和阴性量表(PANSS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定病情并进行比较。结果:根据重复测量结果,两组间PRL水平尚无统计学差异(F=3.507,P=0.064),但组间检验提示时间、研究组别有交互作用(P=0.002),即PRL的值受到时间和组别的共同影响。PRL随着时间的推移逐渐下降,且换用组下降的幅度大于合用组。两组间PANSS量表总分无统计学差异(F=0.145,P=0.705)。结论:无论合用阿立哌唑治疗组或是换用阿立哌唑治疗组,均能使已绝经女性精神分裂症患者的高催乳素水平下降,但换用阿立哌唑治疗,催乳素水平下降幅度更大。     

阿立哌唑对抗精神病药物所致的老年精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症的影响分析

目的：探讨阿立哌唑对抗精神病药物所致的老年精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症的影响。方法根据治疗方法对该院于2012年5月-2014年10月收治的患者进行分组,两组患者均继续沿用原有抗精神病药物,在此基础上给予观察组患者阿立哌唑。分别测定两组治疗前、治疗4、8周末血清催乳素水平,同时采用精神病评定量表(BPRS)对精神病症状进行评定,比较两组药物不良反应。结果观察组患者治疗4周、8周末血清催乳素水平显著降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前后BPRS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者药物不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿立哌唑能够有效降低抗精神病药物所致的老年精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症状,且未出现严重药物不良反应,具有有效性和安全性,可作为治疗用药。     

肉芽肿性垂体炎的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肉芽肿性垂体炎的影像学特征及其诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析7例肉芽肿性垂体炎的临床表现、影像学特征、诊断和治疗.结果 7例肉芽肿性垂体炎术前误诊6例.临床表现主要为头痛、尿崩症、高泌乳素血症和垂体功能低下.影像学特征主要表现为鞍区病变沿增厚的垂体柄呈“舌状”向鞍上扩展.6例采用经鼻蝶窦入路,1例因术前诊断垂体脓肿而采用经额下入路手术治疗,术后口服激素替补治疗,多数症状缓解,影像学检查证实病灶明显缩小甚至消失.结论 肉芽肿性垂体炎手术治疗可明确病理诊断,缓解症状,术后应口服激素替补治疗,定期随访.     

Prevalence and risk factors of hyperprolactinemia among patients with various psychiatric diagnoses and medications

Abstract

Objectives: Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse event associated with psychotropic medications (mainly antipsychotics) used in the management of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in psychiatric patients and to evaluate its association with various psychiatric diagnoses and the use of various psychotropic medications.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between July 2012 and June 2014. Patients were recruited from a number of hospitals located in the five regions of Saudi Arabia. Hyperprolactinemia was defined as blood prolactin levels >25?ng/mL in females and >20?ng/mL in males, regardless of the presence of symptoms.

Results: A total of 997 patients (553 males and 444 females) were included in the current analysis. The average blood prolactin level was 32.6?±?44.1?ng/mL, with higher levels among females than males (42.9?±?61.3 versus 24.4?±?18.6, p?<?.001). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was 44.3%, with no significant gender difference (41.9% in females versus 46.3% in males, p?=?.164) but with huge variability according to individual antipsychotic and other psychotropic medications. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, hyperprolactinemia was independently and positively associated with using antipsychotic medications (OR?=?2.08, 1.26–3.42, p?=?.004). Additionally, previous hospitalisation, diabetes and hypothyroidism were positively associated, whereas having primary depressive disorders was negatively associated.

Conclusions: We report a high prevalence of hyperprolactinemia among a large sample of psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia, which was linked to the use of antipsychotic medications. Routine measurement of blood prolactin levels for all patients maintained on antipsychotic agents is recommended, regardless of symptoms.