Impact of upstream high bolus dose tirofiban on left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention

BackgroundGlycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) decreases the incidence of major adverse cardiac events.AimTo study the impact of high bolus dose tirofiban on left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute anterior ST segment elevation MI treated with primary PCI.Patients and methodsForty patients presenting to Ain Shams University, and specialized hospitals with the diagnosis of acute anterior STEMI were treated with primary PCI. Twenty patients were given conventional intravenous bolus dose tirofiban (10 μg/kg) upstream prior to primary angioplasty and twenty patients were given intravenous high bolus dose tirofiban (25 μg/kg) upstream prior to PCI. In-hospital follow up was done including echocardiography, and serial cardiac enzymes in addition to clinical follow up for MACE and bleeding complications.ResultsSuccessful primary angioplasty was attained in all patients. The LV systolic function was significantly better in the high bolus dose group in comparison to the conventional bolus dose groups (48% vs 41%, P < 0.01). The incidence of recurrent ischemia was statistically non-significant between the two groups (5% vs 25%, P > 0.05). Both regimens were safe and the bleeding complications were minimal and did not differ between the study groups.ConclusionIn patients presenting with acute anterior STEMI and treated with primary PCI, the high bolus dose tirofiban given intravenously upstream prior to PCI seems to be a safe and effective regimen to achieve a better left ventricular ejection fraction in comparison to the conventional bolus dose regimen, without increasing the risk of bleeding.     

Perfusion image guided mechanical thrombectomy combined with tirofiban successfully revascularize systemic lupus erythematosus related acute large vessel occlusion: A case report

Rationale:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an important cause of stroke, more than a half the cases present as acute ischemic stroke. Thrombolysis is an effective choice in most cases, but for large vessel occlusion, mechanical thrombectomy is more effective. Here we reported a case of SLE-related stroke with left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, who was successfully treated by MT and tirofiban.Patient concern:A 38-year-old female suffered from right hemiplegia and aphasia for 8 hours. She was diagnosed with SLE 20 years ago, and neuropsychiatric SLE was considered 8 months before this onset. One month ago, glucocorticoids were discontinued by herself because of deterioration of bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis.Diagnosis:Left MCA occlusion was confirmed by computed tomography perfusion.Intervention:Immediate mechanical thrombectomy was performed and tirofiban was given to prevent re-occlusion of left MCA. Twenty fourhours later oral antiplatelet was given after intracranial hemorrhage was ruled out.Outcomes:Her neurological symptom improved several days later, and she was transferred to further rehabilitation. At 4 months follow-up she can live independently with mild hypophrasia. There was no further events of ischemic stroke in 1-year follow-up.Lessons:Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective and indispensable treatment for SLE related large vessel occlusion. In addition, tirofiban may reduce vessel reocclusion in special cases such as SLE and artery stenosis.     

The TETAMI Trial: The Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin versus Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin and of Tirofiban versus Placebo in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction for Patients Not Thrombolyzed: Methods and Design

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who do not receive early reperfusion therapy are at high risk of reinfarction or death, and the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy in this group of patients has not been evaluated. Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) that has previously been shown to reduce the incidence of ischemic events in patients with unstable angina or non–Q-wave MI. The principal aims of the TETAMI study are to investigate the efficacy and safety of treatment with enoxaparin or tirofiban (a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist) alone or in combination for 2 to 8 days in patients with AMI who are not eligible for early reperfusion therapy. In this 2 by 2 factorial design study approximately 900 patients will be randomly assigned, in a blinded manner, to one of four treatments: enoxaparin alone, enoxaparin plus tirofiban, unfractionated heparin (UFH), or UFH plus tirofiban, with appropriate matched placebos. The primary end point is the composite of death, recurrent AMI, and recurrent angina, analyzed at 30 days after AMI. The design and methods of the TETAMI study are described in this article.     

早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI术后冠脉血流及并发症影响的Meta-分析

目的 系统评价早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后冠脉血流及并发症影响。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）和维普中文期刊全文数据库（VIP）和万方数据库关于STEMI患者急诊行PCI并早期应用替罗非班的临床对照研究（RCT）,检索年限均为建库起至2020年4月30日。试验组为PCI术前开始应用替罗非班,对照组为PCI术中或术后应用替罗非班,数据提取和质量评价,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta-分析。结果 共纳入15项RCT,共计2 214例患者。Meta-分析结果显示,术前应用替罗非班组较术中或术后用药组,PCI术后TIMI血流分级为3级（RR=1.10,95%CI=1.06~1.15,P<0.01）和（RR=1.10,95%CI=1.03~1.17,P<0.01）、ST段下落幅度（SMD=0.44,95%CI=0.17~0.70,P=0.001）和（SMD=1.85,95%CI=1.53~2.17,P<0.01）、ST段回落率（RR=1.51,95%CI=1.20~1.89,P<0.01）和（RR=1.20,95%CI=1.05~1.39,P=0.01）均显著优于术中或术后用药;术前应用组提高左心室射血分数（LVEF%）（SMD=0.46,95%CI=0.13~0.79,P=0.007）和降低主要心血管不良事件（MACE）发生率（RR=0.53,95%CI=0.39~0.73,P<0.01）均优于术中用药组。术前应用组与术后应用组的LVEF%和MACE发生率比较均无显著性差异。术前应用组出血及并发症发生率与术中及术后应用组比较均无显著性差异。结论 与PCI术中及术后应用替罗非班相比,术前应用更能显著改善STEMI患者微循环障碍、增加心肌组织有效的再灌注、减少心肌梗死范围。     

国产替罗非班对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌灌注的影响

目的评价替罗非班在急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中的有效性和安全性。方法行直接PCI治疗的AMI患者,分为预先应用替罗非班组（40例）和对照组（32例）,比较两组患者的无复流发生率、心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和出血并发症。结果两组患者均成功完成PCI操作,试验组有4例（10%）出现无复流或慢复流现象,对照组共有8例（25%）出现无复流现象,试验组无复流发生率有低于对照组的趋势,但未达到显著水平,替罗非班组的TMPGⅢ级比例高于对照组,但未达到统计学显著水平,两组主要不良事件无显著性差异。两组患者总的出血并发症相似,均无严重出血并发症。结论国产替罗非班能降低AMI直接PCI时无复流现象,改善冠状动脉血流,且不增加严重出血并发症。     

血栓抽吸联合低剂量替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响

［摘要］： 目的 评价血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班对老年高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响。 方法 选取2014年1月至2019年1月于马鞍山临床学院行PCI的老年STEMI高血栓负荷患者127例,随机分为观察组62例及对照组65例,观察组在常规PCI之前联合应用血栓抽吸和冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班治疗,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。比较两组患者术后临床效果、出血事件及主要心脏不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况。 结果 术后观察组梗死相关动脉的TIMI血流3级、2h心电图ST段回落>50%、LVEF均显著高于对照组[TIMI血流3级：57例(91.9%)与49例(75.4%),χ2=2.295,P=0.040;心电图ST段回落>50%：50例(80.6%)与40例(61.5%),χ2=5.611,P=0.018;LVEF值：(52.7±3.5)%与(50.95±5.0)%,t=2.229,P=0.028];观察组CK-MB峰值、碎裂QRS波、心包积液均低于对照组[CK-MB峰值：(274.4±173.1)U/L与(334.5±154.0)U/L,t=2.069,P=0.041;碎裂QRS波：24例（38.7%）与38例（55.5%）,χ2=4.955,P=0.026;心包积液：6例（9.5%）与15例（23.1%）,χ2=4.128,P=0.042];术后30天,观察组小/微出血事件多于对照组[小/微出血事件：7例（11.3%）与4例（6.2%）,χ2=4.019,P=0.043],大出血和卒中事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）;术后6个月,MACE事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）。 结论 血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射低剂量替罗非班可改善老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者心肌再灌注水平,同时不增加严重出血风险,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

早期应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的疗效简

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班对ST段抬高性心肌梗死（ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗疗效的影响.方法 自2009年1月至2012年1月,将186例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者分为2组：A组为实验组,为早期应用替罗非班的患者共95例,均于PCI治疗前使用;B组为对照组,常规治疗组,未使用替罗非班的患者共91例.分析两组PCI治疗前、后的临床状况、造影血流情况[心肌梗死溶栓（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP）]及出血事件.记录住院期间及随访6个月内的主要心血管事件的发生率.结果 所有患者均成功行急诊PCI治疗.两组间的基础临床情况及术前造影情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.与B组比较,A组PCI治疗后TIMIⅢ级血流的比例（96.5％ vs.81.2％,P＜0.05）、TMPⅡ级以上血流的比例（96.8％ vs.84.2％,P＜0.05）均明显增高,发生无复流现象的比例（5.6％ vs.13.2％,P＜0.05）则明显减少,差异均有统计学意义.两组住院期间主要心血管事件、出血事件的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.而在随访的6个月期间内,A组主要心血管事件较B组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 在STEMI急诊PCI治疗患者中,早期应用替罗非班能有效预防无复流现象的发生,改善靶血管前向血流,挽救更多存活心肌及改善预后.     

替罗非班联合替格瑞洛和阿司匹林在老年急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的临床疗效

目的 观察对于老年急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者采取急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗中采用替罗非班联合替格瑞洛和阿司匹林治疗的临床疗效分析。方法 选取2016年1月-2017年12月在郑州市第一人民医院急诊科确诊为急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗的老年患者138例,根据PCI围术期治疗药物不同将患者分为观察组69例和对照组69例,对照组患者术前均给予负荷量阿司匹林300 mg及替格瑞洛180 mg嚼服,观察组在此基础上加用替罗非班术前以0.4 U/（kg· min）速度静脉泵入30 min,术后以0.1 U/（kg· min）的速度持续泵入24~36 h,术后两组均常规口服阿司匹林和替格瑞洛,至术后12个月。对比两组患者临床治疗效果、安全性及心肌酶标志物与超声检查。结果 观察组患者无复流、慢血流、主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率明显少于对照组,TIMI3及ST段回落几率高于对照组,观察组心肌酶标志物酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）浓度峰值时间、左室射血分数（LVEF）及左室舒张末内径（LVEDd）结果明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。治疗后两组血清超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）和白介素-6（IL-6）水平均显著降低（P<0.05）;且治疗后观察组hs-CRP、IL-6均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未出现严重出血,两组出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义;两组非心源性呼吸困难发生率比较差异无统计学意义,入组患者均未因上述不良反应而停用抗血小板药物。结论 对于老年AMI患者采取急诊PCI术时,应用替罗非班联合替格瑞洛和阿司匹林治疗,可有效减少无复流或慢血流的发生几率,改善心肌灌注功能,不增加出血风险,减少主要不良心脏事件发生。     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗中冠状动脉联合静脉内应用小剂量替罗非班的临床研究

目的探讨因急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）行急诊经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）介入治疗（PCI）的老年患者,冠脉联合静脉内使用d,N量替罗非班的有效性及安全性。方法选择行急诊PCI的老年STEMI患者76例,年龄≥70a,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组各38例患者。对照组：静脉内应用替罗非班负荷剂量1μg/kg,之后以0．15μg·kg-1·min-1持续静脉泵人24h;研究组：冠脉内注射负荷剂量10μg／kg,之后以0．075μg·kg-1·min。持续静脉泵人24h。比较2组PCI术后心电图sT段回落率,血清超敏肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）峰值,梗死相关动脉（IRA）血栓积分、TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）,PCI术后90d左心室射血分数（LVEF）及主要不良心血管事件（MACEs）发生率的差异;比较2组用药期间出血事件发生率的差异。结果PCI术后,与对照组比较,研究组心电图ST段回落率有降低的趋势（P=0．053）,血清超敏cTnT峰值（P=0．025）、IRA血栓积分显著降低（P=0．013）,TIMI3级血流及TMPG3级的获得率显著增高（P值分别为0．038和0．030）。与对照组比较,研究组患者PCI术后90d的LVEF显著增加（P=0．026）,总MACEs的发生率有降低的趋势（P=0．053）。用药期间,研究组总出血事件的发生率显著低于对照组（P=0．033）。结论对于行急诊PCI的老年STEMI患者,与单纯静脉内使用替罗非班相比,冠脉联合静脉内小剂量替罗非班更有助于改善冠脉血流、心肌灌注和缩小梗死面积,并显著降低出血事件的发生率。