安适合剂4号对小鼠中枢神经系统影响

安适合剂４号由夜交藤、柏子仁、酸枣仁、麦冬、朱砂等组成。临床上与氯丙嗪合用于抗精神病,能产生协同作用,且使后者用量及副作用减少。药理实验表明,安适合剂４号能使小鼠自主活动次数减少;对硝酸士的宁所致小鼠惊厥有抗惊厥作用;对戊巴比妥所致小鼠睡眠,能使翻正反射消失时间缩短,睡眠时间延长,且与剂量成正比例。     

Conjugation kinetics of acetaminophen by the perfused rat liver preparation

Sulfate conjugation of acetaminophen was studied in the perfused rat liver preparation. Varying input concentrations of unlabeled acetaminophen (0.22 to 6.0 μg/ml or 1.5 to 40 μM) were added in a stepwise fashion once-through the liver preparation at a flow rate of 10 ml/min. For the concentration range tested, acetaminophen sulfate conjugate remained the only detectable metabolite in perfusate plasma. Other metabolites such as the glucuronide and the glutathione conjugates, however, were detected only in bile and, together with the sulfate conjugate and unconjugated acetaminophen, constituted 5 per cent of the total administered dose. Hepatic elimination of acetaminophen in the formation of sulfate conjugate was apparently maximal at input concentrations ? 1.0 μg/ml (6.7 μM) and could be viewed as mediated via a uni-enzyme system. Sulfate conjugation also decreased with preloading of the liver, especially with high concentrations of acetaminophen. A plot of the ratio of the steady-state output concentrations of drug to metabolite versus the reciprocal of drug extraction ratio, which might prove useful in the prediction of metabolite concentrations in the liver, was introduced.     

An automated smear microscopy system to diagnose tuberculosis in a high-burden setting

ObjectivesTB-EASM (Howsome, Shanghai, China), an automated system combining smear preparation, staining and microscopy in a single platform, was evaluated for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in a high disease-burden setting.MethodsSputum samples from individuals with pulmonary TB were processed in parallel using conventional manual smear microscopy (MS), TB-EASM, liquid culture and GeneXpert. Method sensitivity and specificity were compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection by mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) and/or GeneXpert MTB/RIF.ResultsOf 524 samples, 496 met evaluation criteria for study inclusion. The proportion of M. tuberculosis detected by TB-EASM was 28.2% (150/496), significantly higher than for MS (111/496, 21.2%, p 0.01) and comparable to the rate for MGIT (163/496, 32.9%, p > 0.05). For 190 M. tuberculosis-positive cases identified using MGIT and/or GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the reference standard detection methods, TB-EASM detected 140 positive cases, for an overall sensitivity rate of 73.7% (140/190, 95% CI 67.4–79.9), which was significantly higher than for MS (105/190, 55.3%, 95% CI 48.2–62.3, p < 0.01). Specificities were 96.7% (296/306, 95% CI 94.7–98.7) for TB-EASM and 98.0% (300/306, 95% CI 96.5–99.6) for MS.ConclusionTB-EASM outperformed conventional MS for M. tuberculosis detection in sputum specimens.     

补肾养血安神汤治疗失眠90例临床研究

目的观察补肾养血安神汤治疗失眠的临床疗效。方法将150例失眠患者随机分为治疗组90例和对照组60例,治疗组采用补肾养血安神汤口服,对照组给予安定片治疗。两组均以15 d为1个疗程,连续治疗两个疗程后评定疗效。结果经两个疗程治疗后,治疗组总有效率为92.2%,对照组总有效率为71.7%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论补肾养血安神汤具有明显促进入睡、改善睡眠质量的作用,疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

庞安时《伤寒总病论》有关体质的学术思想探析

庞安时《伤寒总病论》诸多体质学说的论述主要源于《黄帝内经》,其体质学说的特点主要表现为体质形成与居住环境及饮食有关,临证分析宜考虑体质因素,“春夏养阳,秋冬养阴”须兼顾体质因素,服药剂量、剂型、煎煮方式、用药原则兼顾体质因素等。《伤寒总病论》的体质学说思想对后世具有重要的启发和指导意义。     

庞氏中医眼科学术思想的传承和创新

庞氏中医眼科创始于清末,发展于民国,壮大于新中国成立以后,已经历了130多年的岁月,其间涌现出了庞传薪、庞赞襄、庞万敏等一大批知名的中医眼科专家,在近代中医眼科界占有重要的地位,在国内享有很高的声誉。经过几代人的共同努力,庞氏中医眼科目前已经发展成为独具特色的理、法、方、药体系,本文通过对庞氏中医眼科的学术著作、文献的分析与总结,归纳出庞氏中医眼科理论体系的特点与选方用药的经验,以及后人对庞氏中医眼科体系的拓展与延伸,以期更好地传承和发扬庞氏中医眼科的学术思想和临床经验。     

Studies on the Stannius corpuscles of the Chilean clingfish, Sicyases sanguineus

Vargas and Concha [Vargas F., F., and Concha B., J. (1957), Invest. Zool. Chil.3, 81–87; 88–95] described some encapsulated glands in the posterior part of the kidneys of the Chilean clingfish, Sicyases sanguineus, and called them the interrenals. Present investigations showed that the surgical removal of these glands consistently produced hypercalcemia. No significant effects were seen in plasma sodium, potassium, and magnesium levels and in percentage hematocrit and body weight change, as was once reported previously in killifish [Pang, P. K. T., Pang, R. K., and Griffith, R. W. (1975). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.26, 179–185]. We conclude that these glands are the Stannius corpuscles and not the interrenals of this fish. Histological studies showed the high vascularization and the follicular arrangement of cells.