关龙胆地上部分保肝作用研究

目的通过不同毒物引起的肝损伤来研究关龙胆地上部分的保肝作用。方法选用D-半乳糖胺、硫代乙酰胺、四氯化碳等3个肝损伤毒物造肝损伤模型,通过不同机制引起的肝损伤来研究关龙胆地上部分的保肝作用。结果关龙胆地上部分有一定的保肝作用,可降低各种肝损伤模型的ALT,AST,AKP等。结论关龙胆地上部分也有一定的药用价值,用全草取代地下部分入药有一定的可行性。     

双环醇抗病毒与保护肝细胞作用的动态观察和分析

目的：探讨双环醇抗病毒机制，为进一步研究和开发双环醇打下理论基础。方法：通过2．2．15细胞与双环醇混合培养，观察血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)用药后与HBsAg，HBeAg，乙型肝炎病毒中DNA(HBV—DNA)之间的动态变化，定量逆转录PCR(RT—PCR)观察CTAT—1变化；临床实验中，患口服双环醇，每2周观察血清HBV—DNA与ALT，AST动态变化。结果：细胞模型实验中，随着双环醇与2．2．15细胞混合培养时间延长，HBsAg，HBV—DNA滴度逐渐降低，而培养上清ALT，AST无明显变化，细胞内稳定高水平表达STAT—1的mRNA；临床实验发现，以干扰素α为对照，患血清ALT，AST可以随着HBV—DNA水平降低而下降，但未发现患血清ALT，AST有一过性升高。结论：双环醇在发挥肝细胞保护作用的同时．还可能通过非细胞溶解性机制清除乙型肝炎病毒。     

壳多糖保肝作用的实验研究

目的：观察壳多糖(chitosan)保肝的药理作用。方法：按200 mg·kg 1的剂量给予小鼠灌胃给药，观察壳多糖对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的组织学变化及其对转氨酶、脂质过氧化的影响。结果：壳多糖组小鼠肝细胞变性、坏死明显轻于造模组；壳多糖组ALT水平，血浆、肝匀浆过氧化脂质(LPO)及血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量亦显著低于造模组，组间比较差异具有极显著性或显著性(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。结论：壳多糖对小鼠急性实验性肝损伤有明显的保肝降酶作用，机制可能与其抗自由基损伤、抑制脂质过氧化反应等有关。     

护肝中药“五田保肝液”急性毒性实验研究

[目的]明确护肝中药"五田保肝液"的用药安全剂量范围,为临床用药安全提供实验依据。[方法]依据中药、天然药物急性毒性实验研究技术指导原则设计实验,观察小鼠急性毒性反应,并记录其死亡情况,确定急性毒性实验中五田保肝液半数致死量(LD50)或最大给药量。[结果]半数致死量实验中未测得LD50,最大给药量实验获得小鼠最大给药量折合生药228 g/(kg·d),相当于成人临床用药量的120倍。[结论]护肝中药"五田保肝液"急性毒性反应低,临床常用药物剂量安全可靠。     

Mitigation of Methimazole-Induced Hepatic Injury by Taurine in Mice

Methimazole is the most widely prescribed antithyroid medication in humans. However, hepatotoxicity is a deleterious adverse effect associated with methimazole administration. No specific protective agent has been developed against this complication yet. This study was designed to investigate the role of taurine as a hepatoprotective agent against methimazole-induced liver injury in mice. Different reactive metabolites were proposed to be responsible for methimazole hepatotoxicity. Hence, methimazole-induced liver injury was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced animals in the current investigation. Animals were treated with methimazole (200 mg/kg, by gavage), and hepatic injury induced by this drug was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced groups. Markers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic glutathione content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, and histopathological changes in the liver of animals were monitored after drug administration. Methimazole caused liver injury as revealed by increased plasma ALT. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation was detected in the drug-treated animals, and hepatic glutathione reservoirs were depleted. Methimazole-induced hepatotoxicity was more severe in enzyme-induced mice. The above-mentioned alterations in hepatotoxicity markers were endorsed by significant histopathological changes in the liver. Taurine administration (1 g/kg, i.p.) effectively alleviated methimazole-induced liver injury in both intact and/or enzyme-induced animals.     

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Selaginella lepidophylla

ObjectiveTo screen Selaginella lepidophylla (S. lepidophylla) that are used in traditional medicine for their claimed hepatoprotective properties.MethodsAlcoholic and aqueous extracts of S. lepidophylla were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity using CCl₄ and paracetamol induced acute hepatic injury model.ResultsTreatment with CCl₄ and paracetamol significantly increased liver weight and volume compared to the normal group. Pretreatment with silymarin alcoholic and aqueous extracts significantly prevent increase in liver weight and volume.ConclusionsFrom the present experimental study it can be concluded that alcoholic and aqueous extract of S. lepidophylla exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄ and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as result showed in physical, biochemical and histopathological parameters.     

144例药物性肝损伤住院患者的回顾性分析

摘 要 目的：了解长海医院住院患者中药物性肝损伤（DILI）病例的流行病学特点,及保肝药临床使用情况。方法：收集该院2016年全年确诊为DILI的病历资料,回顾性分析DILI与年龄、性别及药物的相关性,以及患者保肝药联合用药方案及保肝药的使用情况。结果：共收集到144例DILI患者,其中女性多于男性,45～65岁年龄段的患者构成比最高。导致DILI的药物有14类,中草药和中成药占54%,西药占46%。保肝药不合理使用较为明显,尤其是保肝药联合给药方案。结论：针对DILI的治疗,应在指南及循证医学证据的指导下,结合患者病情,制订个体化治疗方案,合理使用保肝药。     

毛平车前的化学成分和保肝活性

目的：研究毛平车前（Plantago depressa var．ruoutota Kitag．）的化学成分和保肝活性。方法：应用硅胶柱层析法和SephadexLH-20凝胶柱层析法分离化合物，根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构，并测定化合物的保肝活性。结果：从毛平车前中分离得到11个化合物，分别鉴定为：芹菜素（apigenin，1）、木犀草素（luteolin，2）、梓醇（catalpol，3）、majoroside（4），β-谷甾醇（β-sitosteml，5）、胡萝卜苷（daucosterol，6）、硬脂酸（stearic acid，7）、齐敦果酸（oleanolic acid，8）、martynoside（9）、高车前苷（homoplantaginln，10）、高车前素（hispidulin，11）。其中，化合物1、2、4、8～11明显对抗四氯化碳所致的肝细胞损伤。结论：化合物1、2、4、7、9～11均为首次从该植物中分离得到，其中化合物4具有较强的保肝活性。     

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea L. and stem bark of Tecomella undulata

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) pers. (Fabaceae) and stem bark of Tecomella undulata seem. (Bignoniaceae) are used for liver disorders in the traditional system of medicine.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea and stem bark of Tecomella undulata against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity.

Materials and methods

Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino rats of either sex by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide. Aqueous–ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/day and ethanolic extract of stem bark of Tecomella undulata (200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day were evaluated.

Results

Oral administration of Tephrosia purpurea at 500 mg/kg and Tecomella undulata at 1000 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransaminase (35% and 31%, respectively), alanine aminotransaminase (50% and 42%, respectively), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (56% and 49%, respectively), alkaline phosphatase (46% and 37%, respectively), total bilirubin (61% and 48%, respectively) and liver MDA levels (65% and 50%, respectively), and significant improvement in liver glutathione (73% and 68%, respectively) when compared with thioacetamide damaged rats. Histology of the liver sections of the animals treated with the extracts also showed dose-dependent reduction of necrosis.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates the hepatoprotective activity of the aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea and stem bark of Tecomella undulata against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity.