南方红豆杉不同部位紫杉烷类含量累积规律分析

目的:测定南方红豆杉不同组织器官紫杉烷类物质的含量,优选出最佳采收部位,为其开发利用提供依据。方法:分别采集南方红豆杉植株主干树皮、侧皮、根皮、须根、茎、叶六个组织器官材料,运用HPLC法检测紫杉烷类物质含量,确定其最佳利用组织器官。结果:南方红豆杉四种紫杉烷类在组织中的分布明显地受组织分化的影响,其中10-脱乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ在叶中最多,7-表-10-去乙酰基紫杉醇在侧皮中最多,紫杉醇、三尖杉宁碱则在根中最多。结论:叶是合成紫杉醇前体物质的主要器官,而皮与根则是合成及积累紫杉醇的主要组织器官。     

南方红豆杉组织培养研究Ⅰ.愈伤组织诱导和培养条件优化

介绍了南方红豆杉植物愈伤组织诱导和继代培养条件,在ＭＳ－培养基上,附加不同种类和浓度配比的激素,在光照条件下对植物愈伤组织的诱导率和生长量等进行了比较,其中当２,４－Ｄ１．２ ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ ２． ８ ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ ３ ｍｇ／Ｌ或 ４ ｍｇ／Ｌ时,愈伤组织诱导率和生长量最高,结果表明,不同激素组合对愈伤组织诱导率、生长量和发生的性状有明显的影响。为南方红豆杉植物细胞悬浮培养建立了基础,为解决红豆杉的资源贫乏提供了新途径。     

一个具有生物活性的新紫杉烷类似物──紫杉次碱的分离及结构测定

从采集于四川省木里县的云南红豆杉Taxusyunnanensis的树皮中分得一个具有较强生物活性的新紫杉烷类似物，命名为紫杉次碱（taxoline，Ⅰ）。测定其化学结构通过解析其1HNMR、13CNMR、FABMS、DEPT谱及1H－1HCOSY二维谱与化学方法。Ⅰ经本所药理室用1H－TDR掺入法测定，对P388淋巴细胞白血病DNA合成的抑制强度比作为对照品的紫杉醇大6．5倍（Ⅰ的IC50为1．12μg／mL，紫杉醇为7.4μg／mL）。进一步的抗癌活性正在评价中。     

HPLC法测定栽培芍药枯萎前后不同部位芍药苷的含量变化

白芍为芍药科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall．的干燥根。白芍具有养血柔肝、缓中止痛、敛阴止汗的作用，其临床应用十分广泛。白芍的主要化学成分是以芍药苷(paeoniflorin)为代表的单萜及其苷类化合物。关于芍药中芍药苷的含量测定已有很多报道。本实验以HPLC法对芍药根不同部位及枯萎前后芍药苷的含量进行测定，分析其含量变化，为芍药的采收加工的合理化提供依据。     

南方红豆杉枝叶二萜类化学成分的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱以及制备HPLC等柱色谱方法,从南方红豆杉（Taxus wallichiana var. mairei）枝叶氯仿萃取部位分离鉴定了12个紫杉烷类二萜化合物,分别为： 2-deacetoxytaxinine E （1）,2-deacetoxytaxinine J （2）,7-deacetoxytaxinine J （3）,taxinine J （4）,7,2′-didesacetoxyaustrospicatine （5）,N-methyltaxol C （6）,2-deacetoxydecinnamoyl taxinine J （7）,taxol （8）, 7-epi-taxol （9）,7-epi-10-deacetoxytaxol （10）,cephalomannine（11）,7-epi-cephalomannine（12）。其中,化合物1,3为首次从该植物枝叶中分离得到。     

Fatal Taxus baccata ingestion with perimortem serum taxine B quantification

Introduction: Common yew (Taxus baccata) is a common decorative evergreen shrub with potentially fatal toxicity hallmarked by seizure, arrhythmia and cardiovascular collapse if ingested. Taxine B has been identified as one of the most cardiotoxic taxine alkaloids in Taxus spp, and another alkaloid, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol (3,5-DMP), is used as a marker of ingestion. We present a fatal case of ingestion of yew with perimortem serum and gastric taxine B, and 3,5-DMP concentrations.

Case presentation: A 22-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department (ED) from a nearby botanical garden after she was found apneic and pulseless after a witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure. The patient was found to have a wide complex rhythm with persistent cardiovascular collapse and expired despite maximal supportive care in the ED. A baggie of plant material was found on the patient, identified as Taxus baccata. Perimortem serum and gastric samples were analyzed to quantify serum and gastric taxine B and 3,5-DMP concentrations.

Results: Perimortem serum showed a 3,5-DMP concentration of 86.9 ng/mL, and taxine B of 80.9 ug/mL.

Conclusion: We report a perimortem serum and gastric taxine B and 3,5-DMP concentrations in a fatal case of T. baccata toxicity.     

Novel Taxane Diterpenoids from Taiwanese Yew Trees

Recent discovery of new and bioactive taxane diterpenoids from the roots, barks, seeds, leaves and the stems of Taxus mairei and T. sumatrana, Taiwanese yew trees are described. More than thirty new compounds including taxumatrols A and B (36, 37) have been isolated and their structures determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization and correlation. Some of the isolated taxoids exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cells.     

Seasonal Changes in the Concentration of Major Taxanes in the Biomass of Wild Canada Yew (Taxus canadensis. Marsh.)

Abstract

Seasonal variations in taxane concentrations in Taxus canadensis. Marsh. (Canada yew) were measured at 15 sampling dates from September 2004 to September 2005 by clipping 3-year-old shoots from the same 15 plants. Four age classes of needles and stems were separated and individually weighed and analyzed for the three major taxanes in T. canadensis.: 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), 9-dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III (9-DHAB III), and paclitaxel (PAC). The dry weight fraction of each foliage age class decreased with increasing age; that is, proportionately more young than old foliage (current > current + 1 year > current + 2 year) was present in a 3-year-old stem. The ratio of needle:stem dry weight also decreased with increasing foliage age. Taxane concentrations varied widely, depending on the tissue, its age, and time of year. Peak concentrations were observed for a short period at the end of the growing season (August–September). The lowest taxane levels were found during the period of active growth: April through July. PAC and 9-DHAB III concentrations were higher in needles, but young stems contained the highest amounts of 10-DAB III. Levels of all three taxanes were higher in young than in old stems, likely due to increasing amounts of taxane-poor stem wood. Composite taxane concentrations were calculated for 3-year-old foliage from the component needle and stem weights and taxane analyses. It is suggested that summer harvesting between April and July (the low point in annual taxane levels) yields the poorest quality biomass, and harvesting from August onward is preferable.     

人工栽培的南方红豆杉化学成分研究（Ⅲ）

从人工栽培的南方红豆杉全株乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部位通过反复硅胶和凝胶柱层析分离得到4个化合物,采用波谱解析(IR,ESI-MS,1HNMR和13C NMR)等方法确定了其结构,4个化合物分别鉴定为taxamairin K(1),2α,4α-dideacetoxy-7β-benzoyloxy-5β,20-epoxy-9α,10β,13α,15-tetrahydroxy-11(15→1)abeotaxa-11-ene(2),7β-xylosyl-taxol(3),10-deacetoxy-7-xylosyl-taxol(4),其中化合物1为新化合物。     

我国不同种类红豆杉不同部位紫杉醇的含量分布研究

目的:建立红豆杉中紫杉醇的提取纯化方法和紫杉醇高效液相色谱分析方法,分析研究了我国境内中国红豆杉、云南红豆杉、西藏红豆杉、东北红豆杉、南方红豆杉以及曼地亚红豆杉不同部位紫杉醇含量的差异,寻找其分布规律。方法:以乙酸乙酯-丙酮(1∶1)为提取溶剂进行提取,采用自制碱性氧化铝柱进行柱层析纯化;色谱条件:采用 AichromBond-AQ C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分析柱,以甲醇-乙腈-水(18∶40∶42)为流动相,流速1.0 min·mL~(-1),柱温40℃,于228 nm 波长处进行检测。结果:红豆杉各部化紫杉醇含量差异明显,其中叶、枝条、根和树皮的平均含量分别为0.015%,0.018%,0.055%,0.077%。中国红豆杉、云南红豆杉、西藏红豆杉、东北红豆杉、南方红豆杉以及曼地亚红豆杉树木各部位的平均含量分别为0.032%,0.050%,0.034%,0.043%,0.044%,0.046% 结论:鉴于红豆杉的枝和叶中也含有相当量的紫杉醇且再生能力较强,故应以红豆杉的枝叶为原料进行提取、分离,对红豆杉的保护和合理开发利用都具有现实意义,其中尤以云南红豆杉开发利用价值最高。