经纤支镜局部注射抑瘤仙(Immusyn)治疗肺癌临床观察(附9例报告)

抑瘤仙（Immusyn）是一种甲苯磺酰类的致肿瘤坏死物质，本研究观察经纤支镜注射抑瘤仙治疗大气道肺癌的效果．9例病人均为男性，47～74岁，所有病人均确诊为大气道肿瘤，腺癌4例，鳞癌5例，Ⅲa期3例，Ⅲb期6例．方法，经纤支镜到达肿瘤部位后，局部注入抑瘤仙，每次2～3ml,成每周2次，第1次后每次注药前均钳除上次注药后肿瘤变白的部分，然后再往深部注射，共注射8～16次，疗程30～62夭．结果：注药后第2～4天肿瘤组织变白，与周围分界清楚，钳取白色肿瘤组织时无明显出血，送检为凝固性坏死组织．2例完全缓解，4例部分缓解，1例无效．5例x光提示肺不张病人治疗后有4例复张．所有病人均能忍受治疗，注药后2例病人食欲下降，4例觉轻度嗜睡，可自行缓解．提示，此方法对治疗大气道肺癌（尤其是阻塞气道时）有一定疗效，起效快，选择性高，副作用小．     

床边纤维支气管镜检查在可疑院内获得性肺炎诊断中的意义

目的评价床边纤维支气管镜检查在可疑院内获得性肺炎诊断中的意义。方法对25例可疑院内获得性肺炎患者进行床边纤维支气管镜检查，同时进行痰标本和支气管肺泡灌洗液标本涂片细菌检测和培养。结果1例为肺出血，2例肺不张，1例肺水肿；21例为院内获得性肺炎，其中14例(72．7％)细菌培养阳性，革兰阴性杆菌占57．1％(12／21)，以铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属、嗜麦芽假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌最常见，革兰阳性球菌2例(9．5％)，主要是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。痰涂片和支气管肺泡灌洗液涂片阳性者分别为3例和10例。支气管肺泡灌洗液细菌涂片阳性率和细菌培养阳性率均高于痰标本(P=0．02和P=0．005)。结论床边纤维支气管镜检查有助除外疑似院内获得性肺炎的非感染性疾病。支气管肺泡灌洗液标本病原学检测优于痰标本。     

Core Microbiota in Central Lung Cancer With Streptococcal Enrichment as a Possible Diagnostic Marker

BackgroundDysbiosis in lung cancer has been underexplored. The aim of this study was to define the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the bronchi in central lung cancer and to compare it with that of the oral and intestinal compartments.MethodsTwenty-five patients with central lung cancer and sixteen controls without antimicrobial intake during the previous month were recruited. Bacterial and fungal distribution was determined by massive sequencing of bronchial biopsies and saliva and faecal samples. Complex computational analysis was performed to define the core lung microbiota.ResultsAffected and contralateral bronchi of patients have almost identical microbiota dominated by Streptococcus, whereas Pseudomonas was the dominant genera in controls. Oral and pulmonary ecosystems were significantly more similar in patients, probably due to microaspirations. Streptococcal abundance in the bronchi differentiated patients from controls according to a ROC curve analysis (90.9% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, AUC = 0.897). The saliva of patients characteristically showed a greater abundance of Streptococcus, Rothia, Gemella and Lactobacillus. The mycobiome of controls (Candida) was significantly different from that of patients (Malassezia). Cancer patients’ bronchial mycobiome was similar to their saliva, but different from their contralateral bronchi.ConclusionsThe central lung cancer microbiome shows high levels of Streptococcus, and differs significantly in its composition from that of control subjects. Changes are not restricted to tumour tissue, and seem to be the consequence of microaspirations from the oral cavity. These findings could be useful in the screening and even diagnosis of this disease.     

Bronchial foreign body: should bronchoscopy be performed in all patients with a choking crisis?

The aspiration of a bronchial foreign body (FB) remains a common pediatric problem with serious and sometimes fatal sequelae. The diagnosis is often delayed or overlooked. With the aim of determining a reliable clinical and/or radiologic finding to indicate the requirement for bronchoscopy, 100 patients admitted to our hospital because of FB aspiration who underwent rigid bronchoscopy were retrospectively studied. The clinical and radiologic data were compared with the bronchoscopy findings, which revealed that the history of a choking crisis was the clinical parameter that showed the highest sensitivity (97%) with high specificity (63%), and that other symptoms and radiology, even those with high sensitivity (88% and 85%, respectively), had low specificity (9%). We conclude that bronchoscopy should be performed in all patients with a history of a choking crisis even if they have normal radiologic findings and few symptoms.     

Endotracheal involvement from atypical mycobacterium causing respiratory difficulty: Case report and literature review

Atypical mycobacterium infections often present as cervicofacial lymphadenitis in pediatric patients. Endotracheal involvement, however, is rare, and has not been previously described with imaging and photographs.An infant with natural killer T-cell deficiency was admitted with cough, rhinorrhea, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laryngotracheobronchitis-type symptoms persisted and imaging revealed an intraluminal abnormality of the trachea. Endoscopy confirmed a mediastinal lymph node with intrusion into the tracheal lumen. Intraluminal biopsy was deferred due to concerns of airway loss. Biopsy of the associated cervical lymph node confirmed Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. The patient was managed with antibiotics and steroids with clinical resolution of his respiratory symptoms.     

先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理

目的探讨先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理经验。方法对65例先天性心脏病术后小儿无痛支气管镜吸痰的护理配合进行分析。结果65例患者经纤维支气管镜检查吸尽气道分泌物后，患者呼吸状态明显好转，脉搏血氧饱和度上升5％～12％，肺部湿哕音较检查前明显减轻；其中32例肺不张患者经纤维支气管镜诊疗后，不张的肺叶次日胸部x线片复查明显复张，其中8例次日需再行纤维支气管镜检查和治疗后，肺叶亦完全复张，无1例严重并发症发生。结论无痛气管镜检查是比较安全的方法，并发症低。严格遵守操作规程，熟练的操作和术中密切医护配合及良好的术后护理，可降低并发症的发生，保证纤维支气管镜检查的安全、有效。     

纤支镜灌洗用于重症肺部感染治疗疗效分析

目的：分析在对重症肺部感染患者实施治疗的过程中纤支镜灌洗的临床治疗疗效。方法选择2013年6月～2015年6月收治的接受重症肺部感染治疗的患者98例为实验研究的对象，按照随机单双法将患者分为观察组（n＝49）和对照组（n＝49），观察组患者运用纤支镜灌洗进行治疗，对照组患者运用常规的治疗方法实施治疗，对比分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果观察组患者治疗有效率和致病菌株清除率分别为95．9％、89．5％；对照组患者治疗有效率和致病菌株清除率分别为87．8％、41．4％，观察组患者治疗有效率、致病菌株清除率以及平均住院时间和平均退热时间等均明显优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上运用纤支镜灌洗对重症肺部感染患者实施治疗可以提高临床治疗的效果和致病菌株的清除率，缩短了患者的平均住院时间和平均退热时间，改善了患者各项临床症状和体征，是一种效果理想且显著的治疗方法，值得临床推广。     

支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术治疗儿童重症肺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术在治疗儿童重症肺炎中的临床价值。方法将该院200例随机分成观察组和对照组各100例,对照组使用常规病原检测方法及常规治疗方法,观察组行支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术进行肺泡灌洗液收集及灌洗治疗,比较两组病原检出率、治疗效果和不良反应,以评价支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术在治疗重症肺炎中的临床价值。结果观察组肺泡灌洗液培养检测率65%,而对照组痰培养检测率52%;观察组支原体PCR阳性率42%,对照组肺炎支原体抗体阳性率31%,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组治疗总有效率99%（99/100）,显著高于对照组治疗总有效率82%（82/100）,两组临床疗效组间比较差异有统计学意义;两组患儿均未无严重不良反应发生。结论虽然支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术容易引起轻微的不良反应,但是相比于常规的痰培养或血清肺炎支原体抗体检测,肺泡灌洗液培养、肺泡灌洗液PCR检测率明显增高,且治疗效果明显提高,故根据患儿体质、病情等情况,值得推广使用。