中药延胡索的炮制研究

本文采用容量法及电位测定法分别测定了延胡索生品及醋炒、醋蒸、醋煮、酒炒和盐炒5种延胡索炮制品中的总生物碱含量,另采用薄层扫描法及紫外分光光度法测定上述6种样品中的延胡索乙素含量,并对各种样品进行了小白鼠止痛试验。实验结果表明,延胡索用醋炮制或用酒炮制均能提高其水煎液中总生物碱和延胡索乙素的煎出量,并能增强其止痛作用,其中醋制法较为显著。实验结果与临床上多用醋制延胡索入药的经验相符合。     

Partially Reversible Chronic Renal Failure Due to Long-term Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A case of partially reversible chronic renal failure due tolong-term NSAID use is discussed. An analysis of this and similarcases recently reported indicates many similarities betweenchronic NSAID nephropathy and analgesic nephropathy.     

氧化亚氮联合利多卡因行无痛人工流产术280例临床分析

目的: 探讨吸入 50%氧化亚氮 (N2O) 与 50%氧气 (O2 ) 的混合气体联合宫颈注射 2%利多卡因进行无痛人工流产术 (人流术) 的有效性和安全性。方法: 将人流术 580例分为A、B两组。其中A组 280例吸入 50%氧化亚氮 (N2O)与 50%氧气的混合气体联合宫颈注射 2%利多卡因进行无痛人流术, 称为联合组; B组 300例, 不用任何药物, 为对照组, 分析比较两组手术中镇痛效果, 宫口松弛情况, 手术出血量, 人流综合反应。结果: 联合组镇痛完全, 有效率达 97 5%。宫口完全松弛率 97 9%。两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 05)。结论: 吸入氧化亚氮联合宫颈注射利多卡因进行无痛人流术, 镇痛效果确定, 人流时受术者意识处于朦胧状态, 安静, 无痛苦, 不良反应少, 苏醒快等。     

老年冠心病患者的动态心电图观察

对97例老年冠心病患者进行动态心电图观察,共检出97例患者缺血性ST段发作347阵,心率减慢时发生缺血48例(49.5％),全程无症状者75例(77.4%),缺血时有无胸痛与ST段下降程度无必然联系。     

氯胺酮的镇痛作用与脊髓NMDA受体的关系

目的观察氯胺酮的镇痛作用与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体的关系,为提高氯胺酮的临床麻醉质量提供依据。方法160只小鼠随机分成扭体法和热板法两大组。每大组再分为两中组：空白组和氯胺酮组。每中组再分为4小组,每组10只。空白组直接分别鞘内注射人工脑脊液或不同浓度的NMDA;氯胺酮组均腹腔注射氯胺酮20mg·kg^-1,5min后分别鞘内注射人工脑脊液或不同浓度的NMDA,在热板、扭体实验中,观察NMDA对氯胺酮热板法痛阈及扭体次数的影响。结果单用NMDA对小鼠热板法痛阈及扭体次数无明显影响。但NMDA可增加氯胺酮小鼠的扭体次数（P〈0.05）,缩短其热板法的痛阈（P〈0.01）。结论NMDA鞘内注射能拮抗氯胺酮的镇痛作用,提示脊髓NMDA受体可能参与氯胺酮的镇痛作用。     

Anti-inflammatory,analgesic, antipyretic and related properties of meloxicam,a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with favourable gastrointestinal tolerance

The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, meloxicam, were investigated in a variety of animal models and compared with the properties of piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin and several other NSAIDs.With respect to the total effect of a single oral dose, the anti-exudative effect of meloxicam on carrageenaninduced oedema in the rat exceeded that of all the NSAIDs included in the comparison. Additionally, meloxicam showed the greatest potency of all the compounds examined with respect to adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat, the granuloma pouch model and the cotton pellet test in the rat. Unlike indomethacin, in the carrageenan pleurisy model in the rat, meloxicam caused both a dose-dependent reduction in exudate volume and also inhibition of leucocyte migration.Meloxicam showed a strong and lasting effect on inflammatory pain in the rat. Like other NSAIDs, but unlike dipyrone, meloxicam had no effect in the hot plate and tail clamp tests, which are used to identify weak central analgesic effects. Unlike dipyrone and like indomethacin, meloxicam had no effect in a model of visceral distention pain.In common with other NSAIDs, meloxicam had no influence on the body temperature of normothermic rats in the anti-inflammatory dose range, but did reduce yeastinduced fever in the rat in a dose-dependent manner. Like piroxicam, meloxicam had a uricosuric effect on rats treated with oxonic acid.Low-dose meloxicam inhibited both bradykinin-induced and PAF-induced bronchospasm in the guinea-pig, but had no effect on acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm.Piroxicam had greater ulcerogenic effects in the rat stomach than meloxicam.The therapeutic range of meloxicam in the rat, with regard to inhibition of adjuvant arthritis, was several times greater than that of piroxicam, indomethacin, diclofenac and naproxen.     

电针加强海马微量注射蝇蕈碱与氯苯氨丁酸的镇痛作用

目的观察电针对大鼠海马微量注射GABA受体激动剂蝇蕈碱（Mus）和氯苯氨丁酸(Bac)镇痛作用的影响。方法实验分生理盐水对照组、药物组和电针+药物组,在2分钟内将1μlMus或Bac（1×10-3mol.L-1）注射入海马,取双侧足三里进行电针,用甩尾法测定大鼠的痛阈。结果从给药后5min至60min,Mus或Bac均能明显提高大鼠的痛阈（P＜0.01）,20min时作用最显著,痛阈分别提高0.386±0.062mA和0.549±0.116mA。电针能加强Mus和Bac的镇痛作用（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,痛阈最大提高值分别为0.603±0.117mA和0.704±0.099mA。结论海马微量注射Mus或Bac能产生镇痛作用,并且电针能加强其镇痛作用。     

患儿术后硬膜外注入曲马朵镇痛使用剂量的临床研究

目的 研究患儿术后用曲马朵镇痛的使用剂量。方法 择期手术后患儿32例,随机分为A、B两组（每组16例）,硬膜外注入曲马朵观察镇痛效果,其中A组注入曲马朵1mg/kg,B组注入曲马朵1.5mg/kg,其它用药相同。结果 A、B两组用药后的R、VT、SpO2无显著差异,A、B两组在用药后的镇痛效果的差异无统计学意义,但B组的副作用明显强于A组。结论 小儿硬膜外一次性注入曲马朵进行术后镇痛安全、可靠,为减少副作用,曲马朵用量以1mg/kg为佳。     

胃炎消颗粒抗感染镇痛作用

目的：观察胃炎消的抗感染镇痛作用。方法：镇痛实验采用热板法和扭体法,炎症实验采用二甲苯耳壳炎症模型,大鼠蛋清足肿胀模型及棉球肉芽肿模型。结果：胃炎消颗粒大,小两个剂量能明显延长热板法实验小鼠的疼痛阈值和降低醋酸法扭体实验小鼠的扭体次数,并能明显降低二甲苯性耳肿胀度,蛋清性炎症足肿胀度和减轻大鼠棉球肉芽肿的重量。结论：胃炎消有一定的镇痛作用和抑制急性炎症反应,慢性炎症增殖的作用。     

Synthesis and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives

Three 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives were synthesized, and their analgesic/anti-inflammatory efficacy and their effects on gastric irritation were evaluated. Among the three compounds, 39 exhibited the most potent analgesic action, but the effect was weaker than that of piroxicam. Nonetheless, the compound showed 4 times more potent analgesic action with less gastric damage than did ibuprofen. These compounds did not show anti-inflammatory effect at an oral dose of 5 mg/kg.