Improving Understanding of the Quitting Process: Psychological Predictors of Quit Attempts Versus Smoking Cessation Maintenance among College Students

This study examined motivation, positive and negative outcome expectations of quitting, and self-efficacy as predictors of quit attempts and cessation maintenance in a smoking cessation intervention for college students (N = 303). Psychological measures assessed at baseline were used to predict smoking behavior outcomes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analysis revealed that motivation and self-efficacy were strong, differential predictors of quit attempts and cessation maintenance, respectively. This study extends the previous findings regarding psychological predictors of quitting processes to college students, and suggests the need for interventions tailored according to phases of quitting processes.     

心血管疾病戒烟干预中国专家共识

吸烟是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,并且也是患者唯一能够自我控制的致病因素。许多心血管医生已经认识到吸烟的危害和戒烟干预的重要性,但尚缺乏相应的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧。本共识通过全面总结吸烟的危害和戒烟的益处,     

Predictors of successful and unsuccessful quit attempts among smokers motivated to quit

Introduction

Despite their positive motivation to quit, many smokers do not attempt to quit or relapse soon after their quit attempt. This study investigated the predictors of successful and unsuccessful quit attempts among smokers motivated to quit smoking.

Methods

We conducted secondary data analysis among respondents motivated to quit within 6 months, randomized to the control group (N = 570) of a Web-based smoking cessation intervention study. Using chi-square tests and ANOVA with Tukey post hoc comparisons, we investigated baseline differences by smoking status (successful quitter/relapse/persistent smoker) assessed after 6 weeks (N = 214). To identify independent predictors of smoking status, multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Successful quitters at 6-week follow-up (26%) had reported significantly higher baseline levels of self-efficacy than relapsers (45%) and persistent smokers (29%). Furthermore, both successful quitters and relapsers had reported a significantly higher baseline intention to quit than persistent smokers and successful quitters had reported significantly more preparatory planning at baseline than persistent smokers. Results from regression analyses showed that smokers' baseline intention to quit positively predicted quit attempts reported after 6 weeks, while self-efficacy positively predicted quit attempt success.

Conclusions

Different factors appear to play a role in predicting quit attempts and their success. Whereas intention to quit only appeared to play a role in predicting quit attempts, self-efficacy was the main factor predicting quit attempt success. More research is needed to determine the role of preparatory planning and plan enactment and to investigate whether these findings can be replicated on the long term.     

Characterizing smoking,cessation services,and quit interest across outpatient substance abuse treatment modalities

The majority of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders are cigarette smokers, yet smoking cessation is rarely addressed during treatment. Conducting a detailed smoking-related characterization of substance abuse treatment patients across treatment modalities may facilitate the development of tailored treatment strategies. This study administered a battery of self-report instruments to compare tobacco use, quit attempts, smoking knowledge and attitudes, program services, and interest in quitting among smoking patients enrolled in opioid replacement therapy (ORT) versus non-opioid replacement (non-ORT). ORT compared with non-ORT participants smoked more heavily, had greater tobacco dependence, and endorsed greater exposure to smoking cessation services at their treatment programs. Favorable attitudes towards cessation during treatment were found within both groups. These data identify several potential clinical targets, most notably including confidence in abstaining and attitudes toward cessation pharmacotherapies that may be addressed by substance abuse treatment clinics.     

福建省成人吸烟的流行病学调查

[目的]了解福建省成人吸烟现状及影响因素，为控烟工作提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，抽取18～69岁成人3780例进行问卷调查。[结果]18-69岁人群总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率分别为34．0％、28．3％、26．6％和16．7%，标化率分别为37．3％，32．2％、29．9％和16．9％；男性吸烟率为76．1％，女性为1．8％，标化率为71．3％和1．4％，男性高于女性；平均开始吸烟年龄为21．2±7．0岁；现在戒烟率为11．5％；被动吸烟率为32．5％。性别、年龄、地区、职业和文化程度是吸烟的主要影响因素。[结论]我省的控烟形势不容乐观，应扩大烟草危害的知识普及、加强戒烟抟巧的培训和促讲公其场所禁烟法律的宴施．     

International quit and win 1996: standardized evaluation in selected campaign countries

BACKGROUND: Quit and Win '96 recruited 70,000 smokers in 25 countries. The participants tried to abstain from smoking for at least 4 weeks. All participating countries followed the jointly agreed rules. Half of the countries implemented the campaign nationally and half, regionally. METHODS: A 1-year follow-up study was conducted in the participating countries. The aim of this study was to provide a standardized evaluation based on data from eight European campaign sites. Three measures were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaigns. The first measure was the participation rate, which is the proportion of participants among the smoking population targeted in each site. The second measure was a cautious estimate for the continuous 1-year abstinence rate, which is the proportion of abstainers among the follow-up sample regarding all non-respondents as relapsed. Third was the measure of the population impact, which is the efficacy of the intervention multiplied by its reach, where the efficacy equals the abstinence rate and the reach equals the participation rate. RESULTS: The participation rates varied from 0.1 to 2%, being highest in North Karelia, Finland, and Pitka;auranta, Russia. The abstinence rates varied from 12 to 35%, being highest in Hungary, Ukraine, and Russia, where the prevalence of smoking is also relatively high. The population impacts varied from 0.02 to 0.5%, being highest in Pitka;auranta, where both the reach and the efficacy of the Quit and Win were relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: There was great variation in effectiveness, with population impact being affected more by participation rate than abstinence rate. Quit and Win contests are feasible interventions in diverse European populations. To improve the effectiveness, future campaigns should increase the reach of the intervention.     

中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查

目的描述2002年中国人群吸烟、戒烟和被动吸烟的流行水平及在不同教育水平、职业和地区的分布特点，判断烟草流行的变化趋势。方法在145个疾病监测点中通过多阶段分层随机抽样，使用调查表人户调查，完成调查16407人，其中有16056人合格记录用于分析。采用总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、吸烟者日平均吸烟量、吸烟花费、戒烟率等指标，根据2002年普查人口进行加权计算。结果男性吸烟率为66．0％，女性吸烟率为3．08％，与1996年结果比较，人群吸烟率下降1．8％，15～24岁人群吸烟率上升，15岁以上吸烟者达到3．5亿人，较1996年增加3000万人。男性吸烟者水平大致相等，女性吸烟的地区差别更明显，东北、华北等地女性吸烟率依然很高。戒烟率增加，从1996年的9．42％上升到现在的11．5％，意味着增加了1000万戒烟者，但不打算戒烟者依然占了绝大多数，达到74％。人均吸烟量基本不变，为14．8支／日，吸烟者平均每日花费2．73元，但不同人群差异很大，最高和最低者相差15倍。被动吸烟暴露并没有大的改善，1996年和2002年两次调查结果几乎相等，人群中被动吸烟暴露水平分别为53％和52％。人们对烟草危害健康的知识增加，但西部地区人们的知识贫乏。60％以上的人支持公共场所禁止吸烟，45％支持禁止烟草广告，但地区差异依然很大。结论中国男性烟草使用的流行水平已经达到高峰，目前处在平台期，还没有明显的下降趋势。有关吸烟有害健康知识的传播还远远不够，特别西部地区人群对控烟措施的理解和支持率均不高，中国人群在短时间内烟草流行率不会明显下降，烟草导致的疾病负担在未来30—50年内将成为现实。     

上海市2004年国际戒烟竞赛1个月随访分析

目的分析上海市2004年国际戒烟竞赛的效果,并探讨其戒烟行为的影响因素：方法竞赛1个月后对全市3691名报名参赛者进行随机抽样调查。结果竞赛4周内戒烟率为63．4％,1个月随访戒烟率为45．4％,复吸的主要原因是周围的人吸烟,Logistic回归分析结果显示：性别、戒烟决心、是否会自己戒烟是影响戒烟成功的显著因子。结论竞赛组织者通过各种渠道向社会宣传报名信息,竞赛取得了成功,对促进今后的控烟工作具有重要意义。     

Initial evaluation of a real-world self-help smoking cessation programme for adolescents and young adults

There is a lack of effective smoking cessation programmes for young people, despite the urgent need for them. The present study reports the initial results of a real-world self-help cessation programme which also contained a "quit and win"-contest component designed for adolescents and young adults. Consecutive registrants (N=1265) were surveyed 11 to 23 months after they registered to the programme to assess continuous abstinence. Results must be interpreted cautiously because this is an uncontrolled study with a 20.7% response rate (N=262). The programme was assessed positively by the participants. Results showed an 8.5% intention-to-treat quit rate with an average duration of 51.30 weeks continuous abstinence. Predictors for successful smoking were occasional smoking (not daily smoking) and older age.     

飞行员肢体动脉硬化与吸烟关系分析

目的:探讨飞行员肢体动脉硬化程度与吸烟关系。方法:随机选择125名飞行员分为吸烟组和非吸烟组,应用动脉硬化测定仪测定臂踝脉搏波传导速度,同时确定飞行员身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、飞行时间等。对比各年龄段吸烟组与非吸烟组飞行员臂踝脉搏波传导速度。结果:30岁以下和30～39岁飞行员吸烟组臂踝脉搏波传导速度与非吸烟组无明显差异(P>0.05);40岁以上飞行员吸烟组臂踝脉搏波传导速度较非吸烟组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:通过对臂踝脉搏波传导速度的测定可以相对早期发现飞行员中特别是吸烟飞行员中动脉硬化程度,做到早预防、早干预,确保飞行安全。