Economic Issues in the Treatment of BPH

The long-term cost of effective management for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains an important issue in pharmacoeconomics because about 25% of men aged 50 yr and older experience voiding problems due to BPH. With the ageing population and the increase in the percentage of patients with BPH for whom any type of treatment can be considered, a substantial increase in total costs to society can be expected. The up-front costs of interventional approaches to BPH are being replaced by a pattern of long-term medical and preventive therapy. The age-adjusted rate of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) reached a high point in 1987 and TURP rates, but not costs, have been in decline ever since. Mean 1-yr treatment costs (medical therapy and TURP) have been estimated in a pan-European study to be 858 Euros per patient, 75% of which were medication costs. Using a 2-yr time frame for treatment, Medicare costs for finasteride, terazosin, and TURP have been estimated as $3874, $2161, and $1820, respectively. The available models of the total long-term cost for all therapies for BPH remain compromised by a lack of inclusion of indirect costs, the lack of true long-term data and, critically, the lack of human cost information (patient preference). Only medical therapy provides a preventive as well as symptomatic potential and, if all of the issues were fully incorporated, it is likely that medical therapy would be increasingly recognised as economically preferable.     

TURP治疗巨大前列腺增生症的体会(附41例报告)

目的探讨巨大良性前列增生症(benignprostatichyperplasia,BPH)的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析41例巨大的BPH患者采用经尿道前列切除术(transurethralresectionoftheprostate,TURP)治疗的临床资料。结果TURP后,前列腺症状评分(internationalprostatesymptomscore,IPSS)由术前平均30±2郾5分,降至术后8郾1±2郾5分;最大尿流率由术前平均(5郾1±2郾4)ml/s升至术后平均(18郾6±5郾3)ml/s;剩余尿由术前50～1100ml降至术后0～40ml。手术并发症5例(12郾3%),其中前列腺电切综合征(transurethralresectionsyndrome,TURS)3例,继发出血2例。结论在熟练掌握TURP技术后,用TURP治疗巨大BPH是一种相对安全、并发症少、疗效好的方法。     

经尿道等离子双极电切术和TURP治疗BPH术后阴茎勃起功能障碍的比较

目的探讨经尿道等离子双极电切术(PKRP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)术后对阴茎勃起功能的影响。方法PKRP、经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH各95例,评价其术后1个月、3个月及1年阴茎勃起功能。结果PKRP、TURP术后1个月、3个月及1年阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)发生率分别是3．2％、2．1％、2．1％和13．7％、10．5％、9．5％。结论PKRP术后ED发生率比TURP低,是一种对阴茎勃起功能较为安全的治疗良性前列腺增生的方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切术围术期血液流变学的变化

目的 从血液流变学角度探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)患者围术期的管理。方法 择期行TURP手术32例，于术前、术中、术毕和术后4h，抽取静脉血检测血液流变学各项指标。结果 低切粘度、血浆粘度、低切还原粘度、中切还原粘度在术毕和术后4h时比术前显著升高；术中、术毕、术后4h与术前比较，红细胞刚性指数增高，变形指数下降。结论 TURP围术期应注意降低血液粘度、保护红细胞。     

Consequences of fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate using distilled water or glycine 1.5 per cent

This prospective and randomized study compared the consequences of two irrigating fluids, distilled water and glycine for transurethral prostatectomy. Forty-nine consecutive unselected patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate with spinal anaesthesia were investigated. The irrigating fluid was either distilled water (group A, 24 patients) or glycine 1.5 per cent (group B, 25 patients). The absorption of irrigating fluid was measured, all surgical events and any clinical signs of TURP syndrome during and after surgery were recorded. Early signs of TURP syndrome were observed in one patient in group A and in four in group B without further consequence. From all the biological variables, only plasma protein concentration, haematocrit, free plasma haemoglobin and free bilirubin concentrations were found to have changed. Plasma protein concentration and haematocrit decreased significantly during and after surgery in the two groups. Free plasma haemoglobin increased significantly with time: a significantly higher concentration was observed in group A than group B. Free bilirubin concentration increased with time in the two groups and was statistically greater in group A. With the two irrigating fluids, we observed a significant amount of haemolysis and haemodilution without clinical consequences. A low irrigating fluid pressure, a short resection time, and the use of spinal anaesthesia seems to us to be essential. Close observation of patients following transurethral prostatectomy is needed but the choice of the irrigating fluid does not seem to be important. Cette étude prospective et randomisée a comparé les conséquences de deux liquides d’irrigation, l’eau distillée et le glycocolle au cours de la chirurgie prostatique par voie basse. Quarante-neuf patients consécutifs, non sélectionnés, bénéficiant d’une résection transuréthrale de prostate sous rachianesthésie, sont étudiés. Le liquide d’irrigation est soil l’eau distillée (groupe A, 24 patients), soit le glycocolle à 1.5 pour cent (groupe B, 25 patients). L’absorption des liquides d’irrigation, les incidents chirurgicaux et les signes cliniques du syndrome de réabsorption sont systématiquement notés. Des signes caractéristiques du syndrome de réabsorption sont observés dans un cas dans le groupe A et dans quatre cos dans le groupe B sans conséquence ultérieure. Seuls la protidémie, l’hématocrite, l’hémoglobine plasmatique libre et la bilirubine libre changent significativement. L’hémoglobine plasmatique libre augmente significativement dans les deux groupes, avec un taux plasmatique significativement plus élevé dans le groupe A. Avec les deux liquides d’irrigation, on observe une hémolyse et une hémodilution sans conséquence clinique. Un temps de résection court, un faible niveau de pression d’irrigation, l’utilisation de l’anesthésie rachidienne nous semblent trés importants. Une surveillance clinique et biologique attentive pendant et après la résection transuréthrale de prostate sont nécessaires; en revanche, le choix du liquide d’irrigation ne semble pas l’élément essentiel.     

难治性慢性前列腺炎的手术治疗

目的 探讨难治性慢性前列腺炎的手术治疗效果。方法 观察随访我 院近4年来手术治疗的14例难治性慢性前列腺炎患者,分析总结了手术指征、手术技巧和治疗效果。结果 14例患者中,10例症状全部消失,2例明显好转,有效率85％,未出现严重并发症。结论 难治性前列腺炎通过手术治疗能达到满意的效果。     

The TURP syndrome

This article discusses the presentation, aetiology, treatment and prevention of central nervous system disturbances after transurethral resection of the prostate. Nausea and vomiting, visual symptoms, and altered states of consciousness have been reported as complications due to intravascular absorption of irrigating fluid. Hypotonicity after absorption of the irrigating fluid causes cerebral oedema. Hyperglycinaemia may cause visual disturbances and hyperammonaemia may cause delayed coma.     

西宁地区经尿道气化电切术治疗前列腺增生症的临床分析(附267例报告)

目的：通过267例经尿道前列腺气化（TUVP）及电切术（TURP），评价该手术对生活在海拔2200m以上前列腺增生（BPH）患者的治疗效果。方法：联合应用TUVP及TURP治疗BPH患者267例，平均年龄72．8岁。其中Ⅰ度增生51例，Ⅱ度增生171例，Ⅲ度及以上增生45例。75．7％的患者CX并有心、血管、肺、脑等重要脏器的并发症。结果：平均手术时间49．8min。平均切除前列腺组织31．6克。术中输血6例（2．2％），术后输血3例（1．1％）。4例（1．5％）因手术时间较长发生（TURS）先兆。术后留置导尿管平均6．5天，随访（1～12）个月。国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前平均27．1分降至术后的9．6分（P〈0．01），生活质量评分由术前的平均5．4分降至术后的1．9分（P〈0．01）。结论：TUVP结合TURP治疗BPH具有出血少、疗效好、并发症少等优点，适合在本地区开展。     

宫腔镜电切术治疗子宫粘膜下肌瘤及发生TURP综合征分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜电切术(TCRM)治疗子宫粘膜下肌瘤的价值和发生经尿道前列腺切除TURP综合征的诱发因素以及并发症的预防措施。方法:对2001年1月~2005年11月期间采用TCRM治疗子宫粘膜下肌瘤80例及发生并发症1例进行临床分析。结果:80例中77例在B超监护下完成手术,3例在腹腔镜监护下手术,切除粘膜下肌瘤90个,0型45个,Ⅰ型37个,Ⅱ型8个,肌瘤重量2~100g,(18·6±14·8)g,手术时间10~60min,(29·9±11·3)min,失血量5~50ml,(20·1±9·1)ml,1例发生TURP综合征,经积极抢救治疗后痊愈。术后随访所有病人,月经量均明显减少,1例术后4年因多发性子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术。结论:充分做好术前准备,做好各项预防措施,TCRM术是1种安全、有效的方法。     

Penile Gangrene and Urethrocutaneous Fistula Following Transurethral Resection of Prostatic Carcinoma. A Case Report

Channel transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is an accepted treatment for advanced carcinoma of prostate (CaP) to improve quality of life. We are presenting a case of penile gangrene and urethrocutaneous fistula following TURP in a CaP. This is the first case in literature to our knowledge.