嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期处理的改进

目的：探讨提高嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期安全性的措施。方法：对15例嗜铬细胞瘤患者、术前采用选择性α1受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪控释片(可多华)控制高血压；11例患者采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位；术中均采用联合高容量血液稀释(AHH)和术中患者自体血回输纠正血容量。结果：除1例持续性高血压患者需联合钙离子拮抗剂和ACEI药物降压外．其余患者血压控制均为满意；根据3D DCEMRA定位选择手术径路者均顺利完成手术；AHH联合术中自体血回输使14例患者避免了异体输血。结论：本文围手术期处理改进．可多华可明显减少药物的不良反应；采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位，可增加手术安全性；AHH联合术中自体血回输可减少医疗成本和异体输血，以及由此而引起的并发症。     

老年患者全喉切除术围手术期并发症的处理

目的 :探讨老年患者全喉切除术围手术期并发症的处理方法。方法 :将接受全喉切除术 93例分为≥ 6 0岁组 (A组 )和≤ 5 9岁组 (B组 )。分析比较术前所患慢性疾病及术后并发症等。结果 :A组 4 2例中与B组 5 1例患慢性疾病者A组为 2 8.5 7% (12 /42 ) ,B组为 5 .88% (3/42 ) ,2组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;A组术后并发症发生率为 33.33% (14 /42 ) ,B组为 11.76 % (6 /5 1) ,2组差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 结论 :老年人机体趋于衰老 ,各脏器、组织乃至细胞均在发生退行性变 ,功能减退 ,易患各种疾病 ,因而对手术的应激能力下降 ,术后易出现并发症。为减少并发症 ,术前应详细检查和准备 ;根据患者具体情况选择术式与麻醉 ;术后除严密观察生命体征外 ,还应密切观察切口情况、有无并发症及营养状况     

Does exposure to infectious diseases in infancy affect old-age mortality? Evidence from a pre-industrial population

Many studies have shown that health conditions experienced in childhood play an important role on an individual's adult mortality. Recent research suggests that past reductions in early life exposure to infectious diseases have been a major contributor to the historical decline in old-age mortality. Drawing on French-Canadian data from cohorts born in the 17th and 18th centuries, we test whether a progressive deterioration in early life conditions (as revealed by an increasing infant mortality rate) translates into a decrease in survival prospects in late life. We use traditional demographic measures such as the age-specific probability of death, and a series of proportional hazard models to control for familial and environmental conditions. Results point toward little evidence of any early life effects. The trend of increasing infant mortality does not correlate with a general increase of mortality in older ages within the same cohorts. Period changes affecting survival at older ages (war, epidemics) as well as demographic and biological characteristics shared within families have a much larger role in old-age mortality than early life characteristics shared within the same cohorts.     

围手术期患者的心理评估及干预

目的探讨围手术期患者的心理状态及干预措施。方法对2009年1月至2010年1月间在我院接受手术治疗的患者92进行心理评估，分析心理状态及干预措施。结果6项心理测试中得0分者以焦虑最多，恐惧次之，再次为孤独、抑郁、疼痛及依赖等因子。本组0～4分者占9．8％，5～8分者占79．3％，9～11分者占10．9％，无0分及无满分者。结论围手术期患者均存在一定的心理问题，需及时给予心理干预措施。     

Food-anticipatory activity and liver per1-luc activity in diabetic transgenic rats

The mammalian Per1 gene is an important component of the core cellular clock mechanism responsible for circadian rhythms. The rodent liver and other tissues rhythmically express Per1 in vitro but typically damp out within a few cycles. In the liver, the peak of this rhythm occurs in the late subjective night in an ad lib-fed rat, but will show a large phase advance in response to restricted availability of food during the day. The relationship between this shift in the liver clock and food-anticipatory activity (FAA), the circadian behavior entrained by daily feeding, is currently unknown. Insulin is released during feeding in mammals and could serve as an entraining signal to the liver. To test the role of insulin in the shift in liver Per1 expression and the generation of FAA, per-luciferase transgenic rats were made diabetic with a single injection of streptozotocine. Following 1 week of restricted feeding and locomotor activity monitoring, liver was collected for per-luc recording. In two separate experiments, FAA emerged and liver Per1 phase-shifted in response to daytime 8-h food restriction. The results rule out insulin as a necessary component of this system.     

老年髋部骨折患者围术期“2P-3R”营养管理模式构建

目的构建老年髋部骨折患者围术期营养管理模式,促进患者早手术、早下地、早康复。方法针对老年髋部骨折患者营养管理现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动进行改进。经过科学循证、专家指导等,从术前、术后及家庭三个环节,骨科、营养科、家庭三个维度,人员、制度、材料设备、方法、信息五个方面,制定三大对策群组并予以实施,包括组建营养支持团队、构建营养管理策略、搭建多维信息交互平台等。结果老年髋部骨折患者首次下地时间缩短为26.7 h,平均住院日缩短为5.6 d,实现了早手术、早下地、早康复的目标。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施个性化、全流程的序贯性营养干预具有重要意义。后续还需开展大样本多中心研究以进一步验证成效,数据自动采集与智能反馈也是今后研究重点。     

瑞芬太尼与舒芬太尼对老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围术期血流动力学影响的比较研究

目的探讨瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼对行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者围术期f血流动力学的影响。方法选取2019年9月一2020年6月在北部战区总医院行直肠病根治术的老年患者40例,随机分为I组和II组.各20例。I组给予七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼麻醉,II组给予七氟烷联合舒芬太尼麻醉。观察比较两组围术期各时间点脑电双频指数.血压、心率,以及麻醉恢复期情况。结果两组气腹后血压和心率均升高,I组气腹后5minf血压高于II组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拔除气管导管后5 min两组血压和心率均较术前升高,而且I组血压和心率均较II组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不同时间点脑电双频指数值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。I组自主呼吸恢复时间与拔管时间均较I组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组气腹前后呼气末二氧化碳分压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼均能满足行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者的麻醉要求,而且舒芬太尼对患者围术期血流动力学的影响较小,更有利于老年患者术中麻醉的维持与术后恢复。     

90例心脏病人剖宫产围手术期处理和麻醉观察

目的：探讨心脏病人施行剖宫术最佳围手术期的治疗及麻醉处理,有效地提高母婴生存率。方法：随机选择90例心脏病剖宫手术病人进行围手术治疗,麻醉处理及监测剖分病例进行术前,术后血动力学指标等项目监测,结果：硬膜外阻滞后33例出现低血压,平均收缩压下降2．7－4．0kPa,中心解脉压无明显影响;血流动力学指标改变,心律失常发生率与心脏病类型有关,结论：在适当纠正条件和心电监测下对心脏病人行剖部产术更为安全,可有效地防止急性心力衰竭的发生,硬膜外连续阻滞麻醉施行剖宫产术尤为适且于高危妊娠心脏病人的剖腹产,心脏病人剖宫术围手术期密切监测血流动力指标和心血管功能可有效地提高母婴安全。     

围婚期妇女的生育健康现况调查分析

对北京市６个区（县）的２１８７例围婚期妇女的健康状况进行横断面调查。结果发现：围婚期妇女的平均初婚年龄为２５岁,其中９８．５％具有初中及以上文化程度,９３．１％从事各种职业劳动,２２．６％有婚前性行为,９．７％未婚先孕。疾病、住院、被动吸烟、生活紧张度、豆制品及蔬菜等摄入不足是造成月经不规律的高危因素。提示,保护妇女的生育健康应从围婚期作起     

儿童体外循环围术期内源性一氧化氮浓度的变化

目的 探讨儿童体外循环期间内源性一氧化氮(NO)浓度的变化及意义。方法 将先心病患儿分为非紫绀型与紫绀型组，非紫绀型再分为肺高压与非肺高压组，于转流前、主动脉阻断后、转流结束、术后24h、术后72h和术后7d测定NO浓度。结果 主动脉阻断后略有降低，体外循环结束时显著增高，术后第1d仍处于较高水平，术后第3d恢复正常；在体外循环期间紫绀型与非紫绀型先心病血浆NO浓度的比较有显著意义；非肺高压组NO浓度升高显著，肺高压组则升高较少，两组术后24h及72h的比较有显著意义。结论 本实验显示术后24h、术后72hNO浓度升高显著，可能与体外循环所致的炎性反应有关；肺高压组则升高较少，易发生肺高压危象，这也是术后NO治疗肺高压危象的基础。