复方葡萄籽提取物对乙醇及四氯化碳肝损伤的影响

目的：探讨复方葡萄籽提取物（GSE）对化学性肝损伤的预防和治疗作用。方法：用小鼠建造四氯化碳肝损伤和乙醇肝损伤模型，观察乙醇灌胃前预先给予复方GSE及乙醇或四氯化碳灌胃后再给予复方GSE后小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT），肝细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷光甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）。结果：预先给予GSE可增强SOD活性，防止乙醇导致的肝GSH减少，有效降低小鼠血清ALT和肝细胞MDA上升程度，在乙醇或四氯化碳灌胃后再给予复方GSE，也可降低小鼠血清中ALT和肝细胞脂质过氧化产物。结论：复方GSE对乙醇肝损伤有预防和治疗作用。对四氯化碳肝损伤也有一定治疗作用。     

原花青素防治心血管疾病的研究进展

原花青素因优异的抗氧化性能和显著的清除自由基能力而在多种心血管疾病发生、发展的各个阶段均显示确切的预防作用,是具有广阔发展前景的植物药     

Comparison of Antioxidant Potentials of Red Wine,White Wine,Grape Juice and Alcohol

Summary

Antioxidant potential (AOP) and non-enzymatic superoxide radical scavenger activity (NSSA) values of red wine, white wine, grape juice and ethyl alcohol were assessed and values were compared. The effects of these beverages on serum AOP and NSSA values were also measured in vitro.

Red wine, white wine and grape juice exert strong antioxidant activity in similar degrees and all produce significant effects on serum AOP and NSSA values. However, ethyl alcohol does not have either AOP or NSSA, nor does it have an effect on serum AOP or NSSA values. AOP values (nrnol/mlh) of red wine, white wine and grape juice were 20.8 k 4.2,23.2 k 4.0 and 24.6 f 4.8, respectively. NSSA values (U/ml) of red wine, white wine and grape juice were 30.4 f 6.8, 26.8 k 5.6 and 32.6 f 5.8, respectively. There were no statistically meaningful differences between AOP and NSSA values of the groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Results suggest that red wine, white wine and grape juice all have high antioxidant potential to protect cellular structures against peroxidation reactions owing to their rich phenolic contents.     

Determination of phytosterols in oenological matrices by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and ion-trap mass spectrometry

The aim of the present study is the identification of plant sterols and the development of an analytical method that allows for the quantification of such family of compounds in oenological matrices. The application of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-ITMS) to sterol characterization is a useful tool and was selected to perform this research. Sterol separation was achieved using a C8 column with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile under gradient conditions and column temperature of 35 °C, which leads to analyte elution in less than 25 min. Retention times, precursor ions and MRM transitions of analytes allowed for the identification and sensitive quantitative determination of phytosterols in oenological matrices at trace levels. The method showed a dynamic linear range over the concentration ranges from 0.02 to 320 mg kg⁻¹ for the different parts of grapes and from 8 to 100 ng mL⁻¹ in case of wine. The most abundant phytosterol in all samples was β-sitosterol. The seeds are the richest source of phytosterols having a great amount of β-sitosterol, 314 mg kg⁻¹ fresh berry mass, followed by stigmasterol, fucosterol and campesterol at much lower concentrations (ranging from 3 to 10 mg kg⁻¹).     

Dual effects of a mixture of grape pomace (Campbell Early) and Omija fruit ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

We investigated the effects of a combination of grape pomace (Vitis labrusca, Campbell Early) and Omija fruit (Schizandra chinensis, Baillon) ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diet (control group, CON) or high-fat diet added 0.5% grape pomace extract (GPE), 0.05% Omija fruit extract (OFE) or 0.5% GPE plus 0.05% OFE (GPE+OFE) for 12 weeks.

RESULTS

In contrast to the GPE- or OFE-supplemented groups, the GPE+OFE group showed significantly lower body weight and white adipose tissue weights than the CON group. Moreover, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol and increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio (HTR) compared to the control diet. The hepatic triglyceride level was significantly lower in the GPE+OFE and GPE groups by increasing β-oxidation and decreasing lipogenic enzyme compared to the CON group. Furthermore, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities with a simultaneous decrease in liver H₂O₂ content compared to the control diet.

CONCLUSIONS

Together our results suggest that supplementation with the GPE+OFE mixture may be more effective in improving adiposity, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice than those with GPE and OFE alone.     

原花青素对 Aβ25-35诱导的小鼠学习记忆损伤的影响

目的：观察原花青素对淀粉样β蛋白25‐35（Aβ25‐35）诱导的小鼠学习记忆损伤的影响。方法将30只雄性2月龄C57bl／6小鼠随机均分为五组：E组为空白对照;其余四组采用双侧侧脑室注射Aβ25‐35制备的小鼠学习记忆损伤模型后,D组为模型对照,A、B和C组分别用原花青素50、100和150 mg／kg灌胃,连续30 d。D组和E组采用灭菌双蒸水灌胃。采用Y迷宫测试小鼠短期学习记忆能力;HE染色观察小鼠海马CA1区神经元损伤情况;化学比色法测定小鼠血清中丙二醛（MDA）、羟自由基（OH －）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、总抗氧化能力（T‐AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）表达水平;Western blot测定硝基络氨酸（NTS）、过氧化物还原酶1（Prdx‐1）在小鼠海马组织中的表达。结果与D组比较,A、B和C组小鼠短期学习记忆能力较好,CA1区深染神经细胞比例呈剂量依赖性下降,血清GSH、T‐AOC和SOD含量增高,且海马组织中NTS表达水平降低,Prdx‐1表达水平升高（ P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。结论原花青素能改善Aβ25‐35诱导的小鼠氧化应激水平,从而减轻小鼠海马神经退行性病变和小鼠学习记忆损伤。     

Methacrylate-functionalized proanthocyanidins as novel polymerizable collagen cross-linkers — Part 2: Effects on polymerization,microhardness and leaching of adhesives

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a novel polymerizable collagen cross-linker methacrylate-functionalized proanthocyanidins (MAPA) on the polymerization, microhardness and leaching of a HEMA-based experimental dental adhesive system.MethodsThree MAPAs were synthesized using different methacrylate (MA) to proanthocyanidins (PA) feeding ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 to obtain MAPA-1, MAPA-2, and MAPA-3, respectively. The resulting three MAPAs and PA were added to an experimental adhesive formulated with HEMA and a tri-component photoinitiator system (0.5 wt% CQ/EDMAB/DPIHP) at 1%, 5% and 10% MAPA or PA concentrations (wt%). The adhesive polymerization kinetics was measured continuously in real-time for 10 min using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. Degree of conversion (DC) and Vickers microhardness (MH) of cured adhesives were measured at 72 h post-cure. The leaching of cured adhesives in DI water was monitored using UV–vis spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s (p < 0.05).ResultsThe adhesive formulations with 1%, 5% and 10% MAPAs-1, -2, -3 all generated higher rate of polymerization and 10-min DC than the formulations with PA at the same concentrations. At 72 h post-cure, the adhesive formulation with 5% MAPA-2 exhibited significantly higher DC (99.40%) and more than doubled MH (18.93) values than the formulation with 5% PA (DC = 89.47%, MH = 8.41) and the control (DC = 95.46%, MH = 9.33). Moreover, the cured adhesive with 5% MAPA-2 demonstrated significantly reduced PA leaching in comparison with cured adhesive with 5% PA.SignificanceSynthesized MAPA is a novel class of polymerizable collagen cross-linker that not only stabilizes dentin collagen via its PA component, but also improves polymerization, mechanical properties and stability of HEMA-based adhesives via its MA component. By inheriting the benefit while overcoming the drawback of PA, MAPA offers a revolutionary solution for improved bond-strength and longevity of dental restorations.     

Colon carcinogenesis: Influence of Western diet-induced obesity and targeting stem cells using dietary bioactive compounds

Colon cancer strikes more than 1 million people annually and is responsible for more than 500,000 cancer deaths worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that the majority of malignancies, including colon cancer are driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to current chemotherapeutic approaches leading to cancer relapse. Wnt signaling plays a critical role in colon stem cell renewal and carcinogenesis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a Wnt target gene, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 B1 (ALDH1B1) are good markers for normal and malignant human colon stem cells. Diet contributes to 20% to 42% of all human cancers and 50% to 90% of colon cancer. Recent evidence shows that the Western diet has a causative link to colon cancer; however, mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. Western diet-induced obesity elevates systemic insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin levels, which could lead to elevated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of CSCs through PI3K/AKT/Wnt pathway. Although conventional chemotherapy targets the PI3K/AKT pathways and can significantly reduce tumor size, it fails to eliminate CSCs and has serious side effects. Dietary bioactive compounds such as grape seed extract, curcumin, lycopene, and resveratrol have promising chemopreventive effects, without serious side effects on various types of cancers due to their direct and indirect actions on CSC self-renewal pathways such as the Wnt pathway. Understanding the role of CSCs in diet-induced colon cancer will aid in development of evidence-based dietary chemopreventive strategies and/or therapeutic agents targeting CSCs.     

原花青素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马线粒体CyfC的释放和Caspase-9的影响研究

目的：研究原花青素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注所致线粒体损伤的保护作用机制。方法：48只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组，缺血再灌注模型组，原花青素高、低剂量（400、40mg·kg^-1）组，各组灌胃给予相应试药后30d，采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉（MCA）制作脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，24h后处死取脑。利用免疫荧光方法测定各组小鼠细胞色素C（CytC）的表达，以逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）技术检测半胱氨酸蛋白酶（caspase）-9mRNA的表达。结果：与模型组比较，原花青素组CytC阳性细胞明显增多，而caspase-9mRNA表达减弱（P〈0．05）。结论：原花青素可以抑制海马CAl区神经元CytC的释放，并减弱caspase-9mRNA的表达．对脑缺血再灌注损伤产生保护作用。     

葡萄籽原花青素对糖基化终产物损伤内皮细胞的保护作用

目的：研究不同浓度葡萄籽原花青素(GSPC)对糖基化终产物(AGE)作用下人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用及其机制。　方法：体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),糖孵育法制备糖基化终产物修饰牛血清白蛋白(AGE-BSA)。实验分为6组,即空白对照组、实验对照组(BSA组)、损伤组(AGE组)、损伤加入GSPC低、中、高浓度组。将200mg/L AGE作用于不同浓度GSPC培养4h的内皮细胞,继续培养24?h,以细胞生存活力、血管性假血友病因子（vWF）、一氧化氮(NO)为检测指标。结果：200mg/L　AGE抑制HUVEC生存活力，细胞增殖活力下降为正常组的90.53％，GSPC预孵育组细胞生存活力逐渐增加，分别为正常组的0.95、1.12、1.23倍；AGE组vWF生成量较正常对照组明显增加(P<0.01)，NO含量较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。GSPC预孵育组可显著降低增高的vWF水平，NO生成量显著高于AGE组(P<0.01), 100mg/L GSPC预处理组NO水平恢复至正常水平。结论：AGE会损伤内皮细胞，抑制内皮细胞的生存活力，减少NO的生成。GSPC可抑制AGE对内皮细胞的损伤作用，且可抑制AGE减少NO生成的作用，并呈浓度依赖性，提示GSPC保护内皮细胞免受AGE损伤的机制可能与增加内皮细胞NO生成量有关。