全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1853篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 15篇 |
妇产科学 | 184篇 |
基础医学 | 300篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 74篇 |
内科学 | 211篇 |
皮肤病学 | 23篇 |
神经病学 | 238篇 |
特种医学 | 27篇 |
外科学 | 141篇 |
综合类 | 216篇 |
预防医学 | 153篇 |
眼科学 | 3篇 |
药学 | 242篇 |
中国医学 | 69篇 |
肿瘤学 | 53篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 88篇 |
2012年 | 95篇 |
2011年 | 109篇 |
2010年 | 112篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 113篇 |
2007年 | 116篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 88篇 |
2004年 | 73篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 48篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1963条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
目的 观察2型糖尿病妇女绝经期骨密度与甲状旁腺素、雌激素相关性研究.方法 测定绝经期2型糖尿病妇女伴骨质疏松(A)组及绝经期2型糖尿病妇女无骨质疏松(B)组的左侧髋部股骨颈、大转子、华氏三角区、及腰椎L2~L4正侧位的骨密度和血清中骨代谢指标,如:骨钙素、碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷、甲状旁腺素、雌二醇、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端终肽(β-CTx)的浓度,对骨密度与多个变量之间的关系进行相关分析,并对(A)组血清中的甲状旁腺素、雌二醇、骨钙素、β-CTx与不同部位的骨密度之间的关系进行多元逐步回归分析.结果绝经期2型糖尿病妇女(B)组的腰椎、大转子、华氏三角区、股骨颈等骨密度指标明显低于对照组(A)(P<0.05);2型糖尿病绝经期妇女血清中雌二醇水平与腰椎L2~L4骨密度呈正相关(P<0.032);甲状旁腺素水平与股骨颈骨密度呈负相关(P<0.034).结论 绝经期2型糖尿病患者甲状旁腺素和雌激素水平与骨密度密切相关,分别可以用于预测骨质疏松发生的不同部位. 相似文献
2.
本研究观察国产雌二醇周效贴片(E2贴片)治疗因卵巢功能低落所致的主要临床表现的疗效,结合血FSH、LH、E2测定,阴道脱落细胞成熟指数和部分病例的子宫内膜活检,对E2贴片的疗效进行了综合评价。结果显示,雌二醇周效贴片对卵巢功能低落所致的潮热、出汗、失眠、情绪波动,眩晕和阴道干涩等有显著疗效,且疗效随用药时间的延长而递增,在用药140天时总有效率分别达98.9%,92.0%、91.4%、90.0%和78.0%,对LH、FSH的释放有抑制作用;血清E2水平属轻度升高,但趋于平稳;部分病例子宫内膜组织学检查未见雌激素作用所致的内膜增殖效应。用药期间部分病例出现周期性阴道出血,这对年轻卵巢功能早哀者在生理和心理上均有治疗意义,但对更年期患者会造成不便和不安感。约20%的病例贴片局部有轻微痒感,无其它不良反应。 相似文献
3.
M. L. Hernández J. J. Fernández-Ruiz R. de Miguel J. A. Ramos 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1991,83(1-2):77-84
Summary In this work, we have studied the time-course of the effects of pharmacological administration of ovarian steroids on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the limbic forebrain of ovariectomized rats. Administration of estradiol produced a late decrease in TH activity. This effect was found 24 hours after the last steroid injection, disappearing at 32 hours. It was antagonized by progesterone, since a single injection of this steroid to estradiol-pretreated rats reversed to control values the estradiol-induced decrease. Nevertheless, the administration of progesterone after estradiol treatment caused a short-time decrease in the limbic activity of TH, which was observed 4 hours after the last steroid injection, disappearing subsequently. On the other hand, the administration of progesterone alone produced a biphasic effect, with a reduction at 24 hours, followed by an increase at 32 hours. These effects were only observed in the animals non-treated with estradiol, disappearing with a previous treatment with estrogens. Hence, it can be concluded that both ovarian steroids may affect the limbic TH activity. Thus, estradiol produced a late inhibitory effect on the activity of this enzyme, which was antagonized by progesterone. Administration of the last one to estradiol-treated rats produced a short-time inhibitory effect, whereas its administration to non-treated rats produced a late biphasic effect (inhibition followed by stimulation), which was not observed in estradiol-treated rats. 相似文献
4.
5.
Angelo Cagnacci Gian Benedetto Melis Renza Soldani Anna Maria Paoletti Marco Gambacciani Adriana Spinetti Piero Fioretti 《Maturitas》1991,13(4):283-296
The neuroendocrine and clinical effects of transdermal 17β-estradiol (rated at 50 μg/day; TTS 50) were studied in 40 postmenopausal women; ten additional postmenopausal women did not receive any drugs. The changes in LH and rectal temperature induced by the infusion of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg i.v. bolus plus 10 mg/h for 4 h) were used to evaluate the central activity of endogenous opioid peptides. TTS 50 increased opioid activity, as evidenced by the restoration of the LH response (P < 0.01) and the enhancement of the hypothermic effect (P < 0.05) of naloxone. A greater reduction in hot flushes was observed in TTS 50-treated subjects than in untreated women, with the maximal effect of TTS 50 achieved after 3 months of therapy. TTS 50 did not modify the concentrations of circulating lipids, glucose or liver enzymes but reduced the biochemical parameters indicative of bone reabsorption. Bone density of the distal radius significantly increased during TTS 50 (P < 0.02), reaching its maximum value after 6 months of therapy. Thereafter bone density declined, but more slowly than in untreated women.
Our data suggest that TTS 50 has marked neuroendocrine effects, that it diminishes the incidence of hot flushes and reduces bone demineralization. By contrast, it has a very little, if any, metabolic impact on the liver or on glucose and lipid metabolism. 相似文献
6.
Dennis D. Rasmussen 《Brain research bulletin》1991,26(4):663-666
It has been proposed that endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH secretion mediates and is dependent upon gonadal steroid feedback of LH secretion, although considerable conflicting data have been reported. Accordingly, a well-characterized replacement regimen was used to approximate physiological stimulation by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in adult rats 10 days after ovariectomy (OVX), followed by in vitro incubation of the isolated median eminence to evaluate the role of E2 and P4 in modifying GnRH release in response to the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone (NAL). Basal (control) GnRH release from median eminences of OVX, OVX + E2, and OVX + E2 + P4 rats was similar, and NAL treatment elicited a comparable increase in GnRH release under all three gonadal steroid conditions. Thus, EOP suppression of median eminence GnRH secretion does not appear to mediate or be dependent upon negative feedback regulation of LH secretion by physiological concentrations of gonadal steroids. 相似文献
7.
乳腺囊性增生病癌变过程中部分因素变化的意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
检测乳腺囊性增生病(FCD)经不典型增生到癌变部分因素的变化。结果提示:从因明显FCD症状活检至癌变为2~10年;从Ⅱ级以上不典型增生到临床癌变需2~7年;癌变率为3.1%。FCD患者存在性激素分泌调控失常,血浆雌激素和催乳素含量增加,导致上皮细胞增生。乳腺一般性增生细胞的DNA含量和超微结构与正常乳腺上皮细胞相似;无肿瘤相关抗原及异常基因产物表达。而发生在一般性增生基础上的不典型增生则呈现细胞基因物质DNA含量增加,部分为超4C的多倍体细胞;同时出现细胞膜和细胞核超微结构异常;雌激素受体含量增加,对性激素的依赖性和敏感性增强;部分不典型增生细胞出现胚胎性肿瘤相关抗原和异常基因产物表达。随不典型增生程度加重至乳腺癌,上述诸因素的变化趋势具有明显规律性。提示FCD上皮细胞从一般性增生经不典型增生至乳腺癌为细胞生物学连续逐渐变化的过程。部分不典型增生细胞中具有癌倾向的细胞生物学行为异常和表型变化与乳腺癌发生密切相关。细胞核DNA含量等异常变化及程度可作为乳腺癌前病变发展程度的客观标志 相似文献
8.
A single intramuscular injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) results in neuronal degeneration and β-endorphin depletion in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of adult female rats. We have hypothesized that peroxidase-positive astrocytes in this brain region oxidize estrogens and catecholestrogens to semiquinone radicals which mediate oxidative neuronal injury. In the present study, dietary administration of the potent antioxidant 21-aminosteroid, U-74389F, completely blocked EV-induced β-endorphin depletion in the hypothalami of adult female rats. Neither EV nor 21-aminosteroid treatment had any effect on hypothalamic concentrations of neuropeptide Y and Met-enkephalin, confirming that the estradiol lesion is fairly selective for the β-endorphin cell population. The present findings support the hypothesis that the toxic effect of estradiol on hypothalamic β-endorphin neurons is mediated by free radicals. 相似文献
9.
Summary In the rat, prolonged administration of the luteinizing, hormone-releasing hormone agonist buserelin (25 μg/kg body wt/day
s.c.) lowers blood estradiol, raises bone resorption, and induces osteopenia. The present study was undertaken to determine
whether withdrawal of buserelin normalizes blood estradiol, slows bone resorption, and corrects buserelin-mediated osteopenia.
Four groups of female rats with45Ca-labeled bones were studied: group 1A received 0.2 ml saline s.c. daily for 4 weeks; group 2A received 0.2 ml buserelin
s.c. daily for 4 weeks; group 1B received 0.2 ml saline s.c. daily for 8 weeks; group 2B received 0.2 ml buserelin s.c. daily
for 4 weeks followed by 0.2 ml saline s.c. daily for 4 weeks. Bone resorption was monitored by measuring urinary45Ca and hydroxyproline. The rats in groups 1A and 2A were killed after 4 weeks and those in groups 1B and 2B after 8 weeks.
The mineral contents of the femoral bones and the whole skeletons were measured. Buserelin lowered blood estradiol, elevated
urinary45Ca and urinary hydroxyproline, and lowered femur and total body calcium and45Ca in group 2A vs. 1A (P<0.05). By contrast all these measurements became similar in groups 2B and 1B. Thus, osteopenia generated by a 4-week period
of buserelin-mediated hypo-estrogenism is reversible by withdrawing buserelin for 4 weeks. Consequently, buserelin administration
and withdrawal may be used to study effects of inducing and reversing estrogen-deficiency bone loss in the rat. 相似文献
10.
复方己酸孕酮注射液为国内常用长效甾体避孕药。制剂中含有己酸孕酮和戊酸雌二醇两种组分,由于戊酸雌二醇的相对含量低,且紫外吸收较弱,给分析带来一定困难。药典含量测 相似文献