Aims & Scope

正Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health workers,especially those of the AsiaPacific region and worldwide on tropical medicine,infectious diseases and public health,and to meet the growing challenges of understanding,preventing and controlling the dramatic global emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases in the AsiaPacific region.     

如何制定一堂课的教学目标

目前,教师在制定教学目标时,通常分三个层次：一是掌握什么,二是熟悉什么,三是了解什么。那么,一堂课结束之后,教师通过什么途径才能尽快知道学生对已学知识已经达到掌握、熟悉或了解的程度了呢,学生又如何能正确地判断出自己对知识已经掌握了,或是熟悉了,或是了解了呢？针对这个问题,笔者通过１２年的教学经历,对此做了深入的探讨研究,详细阐述了书写具体教学目标的三个基本思想、三个基本要素,书写教学目标的步骤和书写教学目标应注意的问题,在总体目标下建立好分目标,是师生共同完成好教与学的首要因素,目标模糊、笼统,是影响教与学工作的障碍,值得教育工作者重视。     

Aims & Scope

正Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health workers,especially those of the AsiaPacific region and worldwide on tropical medicine,infectious diseases and public health,and to meet the growing challenges of understanding,preventing and controlling the dramatic global emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases in the AsiaPacific region.     

Aims & Scope

正Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public health workers,especially those of the AsiaPacific region and worldwide on tropical medicine,infectious diseases and public health,and to meet the growing challenges of understanding,preventing and controlling the dramatic global emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases in the AsiaPacific region.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine publishes new     

Forensic ancestry analysis with two capillary electrophoresis ancestry informative marker (AIM) panels: Results of a collaborative EDNAP exercise

There is increasing interest in forensic ancestry tests, which are part of a growing number of DNA analyses that can enhance routine profiling by obtaining additional genetic information about unidentified DNA donors. Nearly all ancestry tests use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but these currently rely on SNaPshot single base extension chemistry that can fail to detect mixed DNA. Insertion-deletion polymorphism (Indel) tests have been developed using dye-labeled primers that allow direct capillary electrophoresis detection of PCR products (PCR-to-CE). PCR-to-CE maintains the direct relationship between input DNA and signal strength as each marker is detected with a single dye, so mixed DNA is more reliably detected. We report the results of a collaborative inter-laboratory exercise of 19 participants (15 from the EDNAP European DNA Profiling group) that assessed a 34-plex SNP test using SNaPshot and a 46-plex Indel test using PCR-to-CE. Laboratories were asked to type five samples with different ancestries and detect an additional mixed DNA sample. Statistical inference of ancestry was made by participants using the Snipper online Bayes analysis portal plus an optional PCA module that analyzes the genotype data alongside calculation of Bayes likelihood ratios. Exercise results indicated consistent genotyping performance from both tests, reaching a particularly high level of reliability for the Indel test. SNP genotyping gave 93.5% concordance (compared to the organizing laboratory’s data) that rose to 97.3% excluding one laboratory with a large number of miscalled genotypes. Indel genotyping gave a higher concordance rate of 99.8% and a reduced no-call rate compared to SNP analysis. All participants detected the mixture from their Indel peak height data and successfully assigned the correct ancestry to the other samples using Snipper, with the exception of one laboratory with SNP miscalls that incorrectly assigned ancestry of two samples and did not obtain informative likelihood ratios for a third. Therefore, successful ancestry assignments were achieved by participants in 92 of 95 Snipper analyses. This exercise demonstrates that ancestry inference tests based on binary marker sets can be readily adopted by laboratories that already have well-established CE regimes in place. The Indel test proved to be easy to use and allowed all exercise participants to detect the DNA mixture as well as achieving complete and concordant profiles in nearly all cases. Lastly, two participants successfully ran parallel next-generation sequencing analyses (each using different systems) and achieved high levels of genotyping concordance using the exercise PCR primer mixes unmodified.     

针灸治疗痿症之肺胃津伤证30例临床疗效艰察

目的：探讨“独取阳明”治疗痿证之肺胃津伤证的疗效。方法：对30例痿证患者根据“痿证独取阳明”治则,予以针刺疗法对30例患者进行治疗并对临床效果予以观察。结果：30例患者中治愈41例占13．3％．显效21例占70．0％,有效2例占6．7％,无效3例占10．O％,总有效率90．O％。结论：独取阳明的方法治痿症之肺胃津伤证疗效显著,是一种很好的治疗方法。     

论医学目的调整与医疗保健制度的改革

随着人类进步,医学发展及生存条件变化而确立的新的医学目的,谋求包括健康人群与患病者疾病的预防与治疗,提高生命质量,促进身心健康。为此,医疗保健制度的改革应从国情出发,以新的医学目的为依据,公正、平等地为全民的健康利益提供服务。     

‘What’s in a name?’—The effective promotion of brain health in preterm babies

The achievement of optimal brain health in very preterm babies is a challenge for modern neonatology. There has been limited success in this area of concern despite improvements in other neonatal outcomes. The barriers to progress are (a) the language and definitions that clinicians and scientists use to describe outcomes, (b) our representation of causation, and (c) the rigour with which we apply quality improvement science. Quality improvement science requires clear, relevant, and discriminating language to explain aims, drivers, processes, outcomes, interventions, and definitions. To date, clinical guidelines and research publications have not addressed prevailing flaws in language, causation, and definition. The persisting flaws have restricted identification of quality improvement opportunities and limited the impact of quality improvement efforts. Our community of neonatal caregivers and researchers needs a new and comprehensive approach to language, causation, and implementation science in order to address brain health in very preterm babies.     

Non healing leg ulcers and the nurse-patient relationship. Part 2: the nurse's perspective

This paper focuses on the experiences of four community nursing teams responsible for the care of a small group of patients with leg ulcers who they had identified as 'non healing' and 'non concordant' with treatment. Four focus groups were held, one with each community nursing team, to examine the issues underpinning the labelling of these patients as 'non healing' and 'non concordant'. There was an expectation that patients should obey treatment instructions and be positive and participative and there was a strongly felt link between concordance and healing of the ulcer. However, limited non concordance was considered to be acceptable as long as the patient continued to progress. Nurses viewed ulcer healing as the priority even though this was unlikely and differed from the patient's priority of achieving comfort. Patient behaviour was an important determinant of labelling by nurses. Efforts by patients to exert some control over their own care were met with them being viewed as 'difficult', 'uncooperative' and 'non compliant'. There was also a pervasive level of stress, distress and anxiety among the community nurse participants, which led to distancing and blaming that undermined the nurse-patient relationship. At the centre of a successful nurse-patient relationship is a non judgemental partnership that can often be challenging to achieve especially when ulcers fail to heal.