清热解毒液雾化吸入防治留置胃管致咽喉部不适的疗效观察

目的观察清热解毒液(中药制剂)雾化吸入对防治留置胃管致咽喉部疼痛、痰多等不适的效果。方法将80例需要留置胃管的胃肠减压的病人随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组按常规的方法进行护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加用20毫升清热解毒液雾化吸入,每日2次,持续到拔除胃管。结果观察组病人的咽喉部痰量明显比对照组少(χ2=9.0383,P<0.005);观察组病人咽喉部疼痛明显比对照组少而且轻(χ2=19.5267,P<0.005),时间还推后。结论清热解毒液雾化吸入能有效预防及减轻留置胃管致咽喉部的疼痛、咽燥、痰多等不适。     

Comparative study of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques in Singapore

This is a report on a comparative study of the reactivity of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques. 413 patients attending a contact dermatitis clinic in Singapore were simultaneously patch tested with panels 1 and 2 of the TRUE Test standard series and with corresponding allergens (Hermal, Hamburg) using Finn Chambers. The left/right application of the TRUE Test and Finn Chambers was randomized. The concordance of positive patch test reactions to the 2 test techniques was studied. The number of patient with positive reactions was 38% and 42% for TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques, respectively (n.s.). The overall concordance of positive patch test reactions was 64% (209/328). 13% (42/328) of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 24% (77/328) on Finn Chamber only. When only relevant positive reactions were considered, the concordance rate was 67%; 11.6% of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 21% on Finn Chamber only. Positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and neomycin were more frequent with the Finn Chamber technique than with TRUE Test, i.e., false negative reactions to PPD and neomycin were more likely to occur with TRUE Test. It appeared that the TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques were comparable when used for patch testing. However false negative and false positive patch test reactions can occur when using either technique.     

Food-induced contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) in atopic dermatitis: reproducibility of repeated and duplicate testing with a skin provocation test, the skin application food test (SAFT)

IgE-mediated contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) is one of the manifestations of allergy in childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). Allergens such as foods and animal products penetrate the skin easily. They can then cause urticarial reactions in sensitized individuals. A provocation test system for foods, called the skin application food test (SAFT), has been developed. Over more than 5 years, a group of 175 patients with AD was built-up and investigated in a prospective follow-up study with SAFT. SAFT was more frequently positive in AD children aged 6–2 years than in older children. In several children of this population (Group 1), we repeated SAFT within a period of 1 year. In another unrelated group of children (Group 2–1), we compared the results of 'original' SAFT and SAFT using square chambers (Van der Bend) or Silver patches. In the 3rd group (Group 2–2) we compared'original' SAFT with SAFT using big Finn Chambers. The agreement between the tests was high: in Group 1, we observed 88 to 93% concordant scores, and in Group 2, the scores were 96% to 100%. Statistically, the K coefficient ranged from 0.71–0.87 in Group 1, and from 0.83–1.00 in Group 2. SAFT is therefore highly reproducible. Agreement was at least 88% between the scores (the lowest K value observed was at least 0.71).     

Investigation of Solid Dosage Form Components Interaction Using Orthogonal Techniques- Discovery of New Forms of Sodium Stearyl Fumarate

Physical or chemical interactions between drug product (DP) components can occur during manufacturing and/or upon storage; and may alter DP shelf life and performance. In this work a new Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) peak was observed in DP under accelerated storage conditions. Due to the complex drug product matrix (including API, polymer, fillers, super disintegrant and lubricant), it was challenging to pinpoint the component(s) responsible for the new peak. In addition to PXRD, other orthogonal techniques including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy were employed in this investigation to understand the root cause mechanistically. Specifically, multi nuclei SSNMR (¹H, ²³Na, ¹³C) was instrumental in delineating the components of the matrix. We identified the root cause to be an acid base reaction occurring in the DP, whereby sodium ion in sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF) is replaced by proton leading to SSF form conversion. We also identified commercially available SSF to be a hydrate that can dehydrate to an anhydrous form upon heating. In general, the same techniques can be used to investigate interactions of any multi component solid dosage forms.     

气相液氮运输罐短期储存胚胎的可行性研究

目的 探讨用气相液氮运输罐运输小鼠胚胎和短时间保存小鼠胚胎的可行性.方法 实验使用 4 个小鼠品系(C57BL/6、B6D2、DBA/2、B10A),通过体外授精的方法得到2-细胞胚胎,用玻璃化冷冻法冷冻胚胎并储存于液相液氮罐,然后转移至气相液氮运输罐内放置14 d再转入液相液氮罐,最后进行复苏移植.结果 4 个品系的冷冻胚胎的复苏率分别为 69.7%、77.27%、77.59%、72.64%,对照组的相应复苏率为97%、84.38%、75%、71.43%,差异均不明显(P＜0.05).4 个品系胚胎移植后,除 B10A 这个品系的出生率差异显著外(P＜0.01),其他 3 个品系的差异均不显著(P＞0.05).结论 在气相液氮运输罐短时间内储存胚胎或通过气相液氮运输罐进行胚胎运输是可行的.     

不同技术对弯曲根管根尖气锁去除效果的锥形束CT研究

目的： 比较4种不同技术对弯曲根管根尖区气锁的去除效果。方法： 40个45°弯曲模拟树脂根管经WaveOne Primary预备后,软蜡封闭根尖孔,所有样本随机分为4组（n=10）。通过30 G侧方开口冲洗针头将显影液注射入根管内,锥形束CT（cone-beam computer tomography,CBCT）扫描,计算根管内气锁体积,随后分别使用光诱导光声流（photon induced photoacoustic streaming, PIPS）激光荡洗法、牙胶尖法、超声荡洗法和声波荡洗法去除根管内气锁。CBCT扫描计算剩余气锁体积。结合根管内气锁体积和剩余气锁体积,计算气锁去除百分比,进一步计算初始和剩余气锁长度。结果：各组初始气锁体积差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。PIPS激光荡洗组的剩余气锁体积为0 mm3,牙胶尖组为(0.02±0.07) mm3,两组均显著小于超声组［(0.20±0.09) mm3)］和声波组［(0.23±0.06) mm3, P<0.001］。计算气锁去除百分比显示,PIPS激光荡洗组和牙胶尖组分别为100.00% (100.00%,100.00%)和100.00% (77.66%,100.00%), 亦显著高于超声荡洗组［70.37% (56.41%,91.43%)］和声波荡洗组［63.54% (51.47%, 74.00%),P<0.001］。剩余气锁长度方面,PIPS激光荡洗组是0 mm,牙胶尖组是(0.15±0.47) mm,两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但均显著小于超声组［(2.21±0.09) mm］和声波组［(2.34±0.08) mm,P<0.001］,超声组和声波组的剩余气锁长度约为荡洗锉尖到根尖孔的距离。结论：PIPS激光荡洗法和牙胶尖法能够有效去除弯曲根管根尖区气锁。     

Effects of palladium addition on emission of mercury vapor from dental amalgam

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that palladium causes a reduction in mercury emission when added to dental amalgam during condensation. METHODS: Mercury vapor release was measured in a closed bottle system and an Intraoral Flow device(IOF). Conventional amalgam restorations were modified by addition of various palladium pellets. 1.57 mm diameter palladium pellets with different porosities were fabricated. These pellets were then placed in amalgam restoration using typical condensation and carving procedures. The samples were stored in a closed bottle and mercury measurements were taken from the bottles at 30 min, 1, 3, 5, 24 and 48 h and 7 days after trituration using a Jerome 411 Mercury Vapor Analyzer (Arizona Instrument Corp., Jerome, AZ). The palladium pellets identified as the most effective in mercury vapor reduction were further tested in an IOF device. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD pairwise analysis for significant findings (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The palladium containing amalgams when tested in the closed bottle system yielded significantly lower (p < 0.05) mercury vapor release than the controls. Pellets fabricated with the highest porosity yielded the greatest reduction in overall mercury vapor release. In the IOF device the overall amount of mercury vapor released from the palladium containing amalgams was also significantly less than the control (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: Mercury vapor emission from dental amalgam was greatly reduced by adding palladium pellets to amalgam during condensation. These techniques require only slight modifications of the standard operative procedures.     

E-cigarette-associated Severe Pneumonia in Korea Using Data Linkage between the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013–2019) and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Claims Database

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between e-cigarette (EC) use and development of acute severe pneumonia in the Korean population using a national database.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis using linkage of data between the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) administrative claims database. The primary endpoint of this study was development of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission according to EC use during the study period. The secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ventilator care, and days of hospital stay.ResultsThe final analysis included 28,950 individuals, of which 578 (2.0%) were EC users. EC users were younger and more often male than non-EC users. The EC users showed higher level of education and household income and had fewer comorbidities. Severe pneumonia was noted in 37 of 28,372 non-EC users (0.13%), but there were no occurrences of severe pneumonia in EC users. The incidence of pneumonia occurrence was not different between the two groups (P = 1.000).ConclusionsSince e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is most likely included in acute severe pneumonia occurring within 3 months of EC use, it is considered that there might be no EVALI patients in Korea during the investigation period. A large-scale, prospective study is necessary to evaluate the association between EC use and acute lung injury.