Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on parathyroid hormone-induced increases in osteoblastic cell cyclic AMP

Summary Tumor necrosis factor α (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻⁸M) had no effects on cyclic AMP production by the osteoblastic osteosarcomal cells, Saos-2 and G292, or normal rat calvarial cells. The cytokine did, however, inhibit the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced effect on cyclic AMP in the Saos-2 and normal rat osteoblastic cells. This inhibitory effect did not occur on prostaglandin E₂-induced cyclic AMP increases in the osteoblastic cells. Interleukin-1 (10 U/ml −100 U/ml) did not produce any effect on basal levels or PTH-induced cyclic AMP increases in these cells.     

左旋肉毒碱对人成骨细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的观察左旋肉毒碱(L-carnitine,L-C)对人成骨细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。方法以3H掺入法(3H-TdR)测定左旋肉毒碱对人成骨细胞增殖的影响;以吖啶橙/溴化乙啶染色和细胞凋亡ELISA(酶联免疫吸附法)试剂盒测定左旋肉毒碱对人成骨细胞凋亡的影响;以免疫印记法检测左旋肉毒碱干预前后活化型Caspase-3、-9蛋白质表达水平的改变。结果10~100mmol/L左旋肉毒碱能促进人成骨细胞增殖。吖啶橙/溴乙啶染色法示100mmol/L左旋肉毒碱干预使人成骨细胞凋亡细胞明显减少。ELISA结果示10~100mmol/L左旋肉毒碱干预可显著抑制人成骨细胞凋亡。10~100mmol/L左旋肉毒碱干预可抑制无血清饥饿诱导的人成骨细胞caspase-3、9活化增加。结论左旋肉毒碱促进人成骨细胞增殖,并通过下调Caspase-3、-9的活化抑制人成骨细胞凋亡。     

失重对成骨细胞基因表达和细胞功能影响的研究进展

骨骼可以适应包括重力在内的各种机械刺激，并对骨形成与骨吸收之间的平衡进行调整。失重状态下的骨质减少主要归因于骨形成的减少，这与成骨细胞功能下降有关，表现为细胞增殖粘附能力下降，与分化成熟相关的物质(碱性磷酸酶，骨钙素和I型胶原)的mRNA及蛋白合成均减少，多种生长因子的分泌量以及细胞对其反应性下降。成骨细胞功能下降的机制尚不明确，有假说认为失重时细胞形态的改变导致了基因表达与功能的变化。     

Distribution of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitor, TIMP-1, in developing human osteophytic bone

Connective tissues synthesise and secrete a family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are capable of degrading most components of the extracellular matrix. Animal studies suggest that the MMPs play a role in bone turnover. Using specific polyclonal antisera, immunohistochemistry was used to determine the patterns of synthesis and distribution of collagenase (MMP-1), stromelysin (MMP-3), gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9) and of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) within developing human osteophytic bone. The different MMPs and TIMP showed distinct patterns of localisation. Collagenase expression was seen at sites of vascular invasion, in osteoblasts synthesising new matrix and in some osteoclasts at sites of resorption. Chondrocytes demonstrated variable levels of collagenase and stromelysin expression throughout the proliferative and hypertrophic regions, stromelysin showing both cell-associated and strong matrix staining. Intense gelatinase B expression was observed at sites of bone resorption in osteoclasts and mononuclear cells. Gelatinase A was only weakly expressed in the fibrocartilage adjacent to areas of endochondral ossification. There was widespread but variable expression of TIMP-1 throughout the fibrous tissue, cartilage and bone. These results indicate that MMPs play a role in the development of human bone from cartilage and fibrous tissue and are likely to have multiple functions.     

极低频脉冲电磁场对新生大鼠成骨细胞的影响

目的：观察极低频脉冲电磁场（pulsed electromagnetic fields，PEMF）对体外培养成骨细胞增殖、分化、体外矿化的影响。方法：采用频率为15Hz、强度为5mT、占空比为15％的PEMF作用于成骨细胞，检测成骨细胞的增殖、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）活性以及体外矿化指标。结果与结论：PEMF显著促进成骨细胞增殖和体外矿化，抑制ALP活性作用。     

Evidence for cell-specific changes with age in expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta in bone fractures from men and women

Oestrogen is recognized as important for maintaining bone mass in men and women. Oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha and the recently described ER-beta are both expressed in bone cells, but have different affinities for oestrogen agonists and plant oestrogens, which could be important in developing treatments for bone loss in both men and women. It is unclear, however, which isoform predominates in bone; cell type and age may influence their relative expression. The present study has compared ER-alpha and ER-beta expression in serial sections of human fracture callus from males (n = 19, age range 5-72 years) and females (n = 15, age range 3-86 years) by indirect immunoperoxidase. Fracture callus was used as it can be readily obtained from individuals over a wide age range and contains a variety of bone cells. Antibody specificity was confirmed by western blotting and comparison of immunoreactivity in sections of breast tumour and benign prostate hyperplasia. No gender difference in ER expression was found in bone from individuals less than 40 years old. Proliferative chondrocytes were positive for both isoforms, but few larger hypertrophic cells were immunoreactive. ER-alpha and ER-beta were co-expressed in osteoclasts, suggesting that oestrogen may act directly on these cells. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and mesenchymal cells also expressed both isoforms. In women over 40 years of age, however, relatively fewer biopsies contained osteocytes positive for ER-alpha and ER-beta. Likewise, the proportions of osteoblasts and mesenchymal cells expressing ER-beta were reduced but ER-alpha remained unaffected. In contrast, in men over 40 years, only the proportion of biopsies containing ER-beta-positive mesenchymal cells was lower. In these older men and women, ER-alpha and ER-beta expression was retained by the small proliferative chondrocytes. These results demonstrate that gender, age, and cell type are important determinants of ER isoform expression in skeletal cells.     

雌、孕激素对大鼠成骨细胞基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制因子的作用

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP-1)在离体成骨细胞上的表达特点及雌、孕激素对MMP-2、TIMP-1的影响,初步探讨MMP-2、TIMP-1在骨吸收中的作用。方法采用免疫组化方法对成骨细胞中MMP-2蛋白的表达进行检测。采用逆转录定量PCR检测雌、孕激素对成骨细胞分泌MMP-2、TIMP-1mRNA的影响。结果MMP-2蛋白在成骨细胞上表达阳性,雌激素对MMP-2蛋白的表达有抑制作用,成骨细胞分泌的MMP-2在雌、孕激素作用下呈剂量依赖性下降。成骨细胞分泌的TIMP-1在雌、孕激素作用下变化不显著。结论雌、孕激素可通过对成骨细胞MMP-2的抑制作用促进骨形成、减缓骨吸收和骨基质降解。孕激素治疗绝经后骨质疏松症与雌激素同样具有重要意义。     

辛伐他汀联合雷奈酸锶对成骨细胞及破骨细胞生物学特性的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀(simvastatin,SIM)联合雷奈酸锶(strontium ranelate,SR)治疗对大鼠成骨细胞及破骨细胞生物学特性的影响。方法分离和培养大鼠成骨细胞和破骨细胞;使用SIM或SR和较低剂量SIM联合较低剂量SR处理大鼠成骨细胞和破骨细胞;用Western blot方法检测成骨细胞和破骨细胞中p-akt、p-gsk3β、β-catenin、p-β-catenin和NFATC1的蛋白水平。用相应的试剂盒测定ALP活性和TRACP活性。结果与单独使用SIM或SR相比,SIM+SR联合处理使成骨细胞活性明显增加,而破骨细胞分化和骨吸收能力明显降低(P<0.05)。进一步研究发现与单独使用SIM或SR相比,SIM+SR处理使成骨细胞中p-akt、p-gsk3β、β-catenin、p-β-catenin和NFATC1的蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05);而破骨细胞中p-akt、p-gsk3β、β-catenin、p-β-catenin和NFATC1的蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论较低剂量的SIM+SR比单独使用较高剂量的SIM或SR,更能显著通过AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin/NFATC1信号通路介导成骨细胞和破骨细胞功能。     

补肾健骨方含药血清对ROBs和rBMSCs增殖、分化和矿化的影响

目的观察补肾健骨方含药血清对大鼠颅骨成骨细胞(rat calvarial osteoblasts,ROBs)和大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,r BMSCs)细胞活性及分化、矿化的影响。方法制备补肾健骨方含药血清,将ROBs和r BMSCs分为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%浓度含药血清组、无药血清组及传统诱导组,分别对各组ROBs和r BMSCs进行成骨诱导。MTT法检测ROBs和r BMSCs细胞的增殖情况;用试剂盒检测ROBs和r BMSCs的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性;茜素红染色法检测矿化结节形成。结果不同浓度含药血清组与空白无药血清组、传统诱导组相比,均不同程度地促进ROBs和r BMSCs的增殖,使ALP活性提高,增加钙化结节数量和面积。其中含药血清浓度为20%时促进ROBs增殖分化作用最佳,浓度为10%时促进r BMSCs增殖分化效果最为显著。结论不同浓度补肾健骨方含药血清均能够促进ROBs和r BMSCs的成骨增殖、分化和矿化,分别在浓度为20%和10%时最佳。