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1.
脑出血患者血肿周围组织病理及超微结构变化的动态观察 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
目的观察脑出血患者血肿周围组织普通病理及超微结构的动态变化。方法对30例脑出血患者采取非功能区人颅直视手术,清除血肿前于血肿旁约1cm处取少许脑组织作为实验组,按发病到手术的时间分为6h以内组6例,6~12h组7例,12~24h组5例,24~48h组3例,48~72h组3例,3~4d组3例,5d组2例,8d组1例。从12h以内组中的7例患者于手术入颅路径上远离血肿处取少许脑组织作为对照组。应用光镜_硐J电镜观察脑组织普通病理及超微结构的动态变化。结果对照组脑组织形态和结构基本正常。实验组6h以内脑组织有轻微损伤。6h以后脑组织损伤逐渐加重。24~48h损伤达高峰,光镜显示脑细胞和纤维水肿明显,细胞形态不完整,核固缩,炎性细胞侵润明显;电镜显示神经元细胞核变空染色质聚集,线粒体肿胀,嵴变短或消失,核糖体减少,次级溶酶体增加,细胞变空,细胞膜不完整,胶质细胞核固缩。72h以后损伤逐渐好转,5d时损伤与6~12h组相似,8d时基本好转,与6h以内组基本接近。结论脑出血后血肿周围脑组织继发性损伤早期就有病理改变,损伤高峰在24~72h,与一般脑出血临床神经功能损害的变化规律基本一致。 相似文献
2.
负荷量苯巴比妥预防新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及颅内出血 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
观察重度窒息儿静注苯巴比妥预防新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及颅内出血的效果。方法:选择本院产科出生的重度窦息儿60例为观察对象,随机分为用药组和对照组各30例。用药组转入我科后即给予苯巴比妥钠荷量20mg/kg,12小时后给予维持量5mg/kg.d,共7天。 相似文献
3.
目的:使用体感诱发电位(SEP)对脑出血(ICH)模型进行评价,并观察ICH后不同时期脑水肿的形成过程。方法:采用脑立体定向术制备大鼠脑内囊出血的模型。观察大鼠在手术前及手术后不同时期内神经系统功能、SEP、脑组织形态学及脑组织含水量的改变。结果:与假手术组相比,实验组(6h、12h、1d、5d)、各波潜伏期延长(P<0.05),脑组织含水量增多(P<0.05);实验组(2d、3d)各波潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),脑组织含水量明显增多(P<0.01);实验组(7d)各波潜伏期缩短(P>0.05),脑组织含水量减少(P>0.05)。脑组织形态学与神经系统功能呈现相应的改变。结论:SEP是评价脑立体定向术制备大鼠脑内囊出血模型的最客观指标,脑出血后脑水肿的形成是一个动态过程,SEP的改变与脑水肿的形成有直接的关系 相似文献
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5.
Rody El Nawar Bertrand Lapergue Michel Piotin Benjamin Gory Raphael Blanc Arturo Consoli Georges Rodesch Mikael Mazighi Frederic Bourdain Maéva Kyheng Julien Labreuche Fernando Pico 《JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions》2019,12(4):385-391
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether individual operator characteristics have an impact on reperfusion and procedural complication rates.Background
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a Level IA treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The operator’s effect has been found to be an independent predictor for clinical outcome and technical performance in interventional cardiology.Methods
From the ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) study, a prospective, multicenter, observational real-world MT registry, the authors included all AIS patients consecutively treated by MT between January 2012 and March 2017 in 3 high-volume comprehensive stroke centers by 19 operators. We assessed the effect of individual operator characteristics on successful reperfusion, defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b/3 at the end of MT, and procedural complications using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models.Results
A total of 1,541 patients with anterior and posterior AIS were enrolled (mean age 67 years; median NIHSS 16). There was a significant operator effect on successful reperfusion, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.036 (p = 0.046), but not on complications (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0). There was a dose–response relationship between annual operator volume and successful reperfusion rate (p = 0.003) with an adjusted odds ratio for successful reperfusion equal to 2.52 (95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 4.64) for patients treated by an operator with an annual volume ≥40 MT/year compared with those treated by an operator with <14 MT/year (first tertile). Nevertheless, this result did not translate to better clinical outcomes.Conclusions
Our data suggest that operator volume of MT/year has a positive impact on successful reperfusion in AIS patients, but not on clinical outcomes nor on complication rates. Further studies are warranted to investigate threshold procedure numbers associated with better outcomes. 相似文献6.
Marcas M. Bamman Gary R. Cutter David M. Brienza John Chae Daniel M. Corcos Stephanie DeLuca Edelle Field-Fote Mona N. Fouad Catherine E. Lang Anne Lindblad Robert W. Motl Carla G. Perna Darcy Reisman Kenneth M. Saag Sean I. Savitz Kathryn H Schmitz Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley John Whyte Mary E. Michel 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(12):2637-2648
The purpose of this Special Communication is to summarize guidelines and recommendations stemming from an expert panel convened by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (NCMRR) for a workshop entitled The Future of Medical Rehabilitation Clinical Trials, held September 29-30, 2016, at the NCMRR offices in Bethesda, Maryland. The ultimate goal of both the workshop and this summary is to offer guidance on clinical trials design and operations to the medical rehabilitation research community, with the intent of maximizing the effect of future trials. 相似文献
7.
The preweaning piglet has been found to be a valuable research model for testing ingredients used in infant formula. As part of the safety assessment, the neonates' immune system is an important component that has to be evaluated. In this study three concurrent strategies were developed to assess immune system status. The methods included (1) immunophenotying to assess circulating innate immune cell populations, (2) monitoring of circulating cytokines, particularly in response to a positive control agent, and (3) monitoring of localized gastrointestinal tissue cytokines using immunohistochemistry (IHC), particularly in response to a positive control agent. All assays were validated using white papers and regulatory guidance within a GLP environment. To validate the assays precision, accuracy and sample stability were evaluated as needed using a fit for purpose approach. In addition animals were treated with proinflammtory substances to detect a positive versus negative signal. In conclusion, these three methods were confirmed to be robust assays to evaluate the immune system and GIT-specific immune responses of preweaning piglets. 相似文献
8.
《JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions》2014,7(12):1333-1351
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are approved for multiple thromboembolic disorders and provide advantages over existing agents. As with all anticoagulants, management protocols for the eventuality of bleeding are important. Randomized phase III studies generally show that DOACs have a similar risk of clinically relevant bleeding compared with standard anticoagulants, with reductions in major bleeding in some cases. This may be particularly important in patients with atrial fibrillation, for whom the rate of intracranial hemorrhage was approximately halved with DOACs compared with warfarin. Conversely, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding may be increased. Specific patient characteristics, such as renal impairment, comedications, and particular aspects of each drug, including the proportion eliminated by the kidneys, must be taken into account when assessing the risk of bleeding. Although routine coagulation monitoring of DOACs is not required, it may be useful under some circumstances. Of the traditional clotting assays, a sensitive and calibrated prothrombin time may be useful for detecting the presence or absence of clinically relevant factor Xa inhibitor concentrations (rivaroxaban or apixaban), but specific anti–factor Xa assays can measure drug levels quantitatively. For dabigatran, the results of an activated partial thromboplastin time test may exclude a clinically relevant pharmacodynamic effect, but a calibrated dilute thrombin time assay can be used for quantification of drug levels. In the event of mild or moderate bleeding, normal hemostatic support measures are recommended. For life-threatening bleeding, use of nonspecific prohemostatic agents may be considered, although clinical evidence is scarce. Specific antidotes are in development. 相似文献
9.
Introduction
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major clinical concern with anticoagulation therapy. The effect of a new oral direct FXa inhibitor, edoxaban, was determined in a rat model of ICH and compared with a direct thrombin inhibitor, melagatran, and heparin.Methods
To induce ICH, 0.1 U collagenase type VII was injected into the striatum of male Wistar rats under anesthesia with thiopental or halothane. Immediately after ICH induction, edoxaban, melagatran, or heparin were infused intravenously. Five hours after ICH induction, the brain was removed and ICH size was measured. To estimate the margin of safety, antithrombotic effects were evaluated in a rat venous thrombosis model.Results
Edoxaban at 6 mg/kg/h significantly increased ICH volume (1.8-fold) and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) 2.8-fold compared to the vehicle group. No deaths were observed with edoxaban. Melagatran at 1 mg/kg/h increased ICH volume at 1 mg/kg/h (2.8-fold) with 6.1-fold PT prolongation. At 3 mg/kg/h, all rats died due to severe ICH (3.9-fold). Heparin at both 100 and 500 U/kg/h significantly increased ICH. At 500 U/kg/h, 5 out of 8 rats died. The doses required for 50% inhibition of thrombosis of edoxaban, melagatran, and heparin were 0.045 mg/kg/h, 0.14 mg/kg/h, and 55 U/kg/h, respectively. The safety margins between antithrombotic and ICH exacerbation effects of these anticoagulants were 133, 7.1, and 1.8, respectively.Conclusion
The safety margin of edoxaban was wider than that of melagatran or heparin. These results suggest that edoxaban may be preferable from the perspective of ICH exacerbation risk. 相似文献10.
Zhu Zhang Zhen-guo Zhai Li-rong Liang Fang-fang Liu Yuan-hua Yang Chen Wang 《Thrombosis research》2014