Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a cohort study in Chinese patients

Although idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) has traditionally been viewed as a life-long disease caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, a portion of patients may gradually regain normal reproductive axis function during hormonal replacement therapy. The predictive factors for potential IHH reversal are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence and clinical features of IHH male patients who had reversed reproductive axis function. In this retrospective cohort study, male IHH patients were classified into a reversal group (n = 18) and a nonreversal group (n = 336). Concentration of gonadotropins and testosterone, as well as testicle sizes and sperm counts, were determined. Of 354 IHH patients, 18 (5.1%) acquired normal reproductive function during treatment. The median age for reversal was 24 years old (range 21–34 years). Compared with the nonreversal group, the reversible group had higher basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (1.0 ± 0.7 IU l^-1 vs 0.4 ± 0.4 IU l⁻¹, P < 0.05) and stimulated LH (28.3 ± 22.6 IU l⁻¹ vs 1.9 ± 1.1 IU l⁻¹, P < 0.01) levels, as well as larger testicle size (5.1 ± 2.6 ml vs 1.5 ± 0.3 ml, P < 0.01), at the initial visit. In summary, larger testicle size and higher stimulated LH concentrations are favorite parameters for reversal. Our finding suggests that reversible patients may retain partially active reproductive axis function at initial diagnosis.     

PDT联合ranibizumab玻璃体腔注射治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性合并CNV

目的：观察 PDT 联合玻璃体腔注射 ranibizumab (雷珠单抗)治疗老年性黄斑变性脉络膜新生血管( choroidal neovascularization,CNV)的疗效。
　　方法：将符合纳入标准,经吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)、光学相干断层扫描( optical coherence tomography, OCT)检查确诊为黄斑区脉络膜新生血管( CNV)患者27例27眼,经PDT治疗后3~7 d内行 ranibizumab 玻璃体腔注射。观察治疗后1,3,6 mo、末次随访时行最佳矫正视力、FFA、ICGA、OCT 检查及有无并发症发生情况。
　　结果：最佳矫正视力提高17眼(63%),最佳矫正视力稳定6眼(22%),最佳矫正视力下降4眼(15%)。27例27眼治疗前平均渗漏面积为1005.69±105.47μm,治疗后1,3mo后平均875.54±103.27,423.37±79.68μm,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),视网膜黄斑中央厚度27例27眼治疗前平均厚度为485.58±122.59μm,治疗后1,3mo后平均398.84±105.32,297.74±89.18μm,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
　　结论：PDT 封闭 CNV 后,联合玻璃体内腔内注射ranibizumab,有效阻断新生血管复发,减少PDT再次治疗次数和并发症,可提高治疗效果。     

分析化学实验教学中培养学生实践能力和创新能力的探讨

实验教学是分析化学教学的一个重要环节.如何充分运用实验教学的特点和优势培养学生的实践能力和创新能力,是值得思考和研究的问题.在分析化学实验教学的改革实践中,总结有利于培养学生实践能力和创新能力的措施,加强理论指导和专业衔接,建立多层次的实验教学体系,希望对分析化学实验教学提供帮助.     

COVID-19 managed with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy: A case report

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has become an immense public health burden,first in China and subsequently worldwide.Developing effective control measures for COVID-19,especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever(38.8°C),chills,dizziness,and weakness.Epidemiologically,she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster.A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41×109/L(60.6±2.67%neutrophils and 30.4±1.34%lymphocytes).Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes.Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics,the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19.Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy,she recovered with a good outcome.CONCLUSION Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19.     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫发病机制中的作用

目的:探探讨CD4~ CD25~ 调节性T细胞(regulatory T Cell,Treg)在慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者免疫发病机制中的作用以及其可能在治疗中的应用前景.方法:收集未经抗病毒治疗的CHB患者34例和健康对照18例外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)标本,以三色/四色流式分析法对PBMC中CD4~ CD25~ Treg的频率及表面分子表达进行分析,并同时通过磁珠分选去除CHB患者PBMC中的CD4~ CD25~ Treg,分别以MHC-肽-五聚体法和酶联斑点计数法(enzyme-linked immunospot assay,Elispot)检测HBV core18-27抗原肽刺激的对HBV特异性的CTL(cytotoxic T lymphocyte)频率的升高以及IFN-γ的分泌.结果:CHB患者外周血中CD4~ CD25~ CD45RO~ CTLA4~ T细胞群以及CD4~ CD127~(lo)CD25~(hi-int)T细胞群所占CD4~ T细胞群的比例与健康对照相比均明显上升(3.78%±1.87%.4.40%±2.11%vs 1.58%±0.76%,2.11%±1.26%;t=4.86,t=5.96;P<0.01)去除CHB患者中CD4~ CD25~ Treg后,特异性CTL的频率以及其分泌IFN-γ的频数与未去除组比出现显著上调(0.94%±0.38%,26±13 vs 0.20%±0.18%,119±30;t=5.25,t= 9.886;P<0.01).结论:CHB患者循环中增多的Treg可能参与抑制抗HBV的免疫应答抑制,去除Treg以及联合病毒抗原肽刺激的进一步研究可能为CHB的免疫治疗提供新的思路.     

Differential Effects of Morning or Evening Dosing of Amlodipine on Circadian Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Objectives: To compare the effects of morning and evening dosing of amlodipine on both circadian blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Design: A perspective, double-blind, randomized, crossover design with dose titration. Patients and methods: Sixty-two patients recruited in the study were aged 21–77 years and had mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. At the end of a 2-week single-blind, placebo run-in period, eligible patients were randomly assigned to morning (7 AM) and evening (9 PM) amlodipine treatment. The initial dose was 5 mg. After 2 weeks of double-blind therapy, patients with a seated diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg had their doses titrated upward to 10 mg, while the other patients remained on their original 5 mg doses for another 4 weeks period, than crossover to the alternate dosing regimen for 6 additional weeks. The 24-h ambulatory monitoring was performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks after randomization. Results: 24-h diastolic BP load (11.0 ± 17.5% vs. 6.5 ± 9.1%, P < 0.05) and night-time BP load (28.5 ± 31.4%/17.7 ± 28.2% vs. 20.0 ± 27.9%/9.2 ± 17.8%, P < 0.05/0.05) were significantly greater with evening dosing compared with morning dosing. Nocturnal fall of BP was greater with morning dosing than with evening dosing (9.8 ± 6.7/7.4 ± 5.3 vs. 6.7 ± 6.6/5.4 ± 5.4 mm Hg, P < 0.01/0.05). Percentage of nocturnal BP fall was greater with morning dosing versus with evening dosing (7.9 ± 5.3%/9.6 ± 6.8% vs. 5.4 ± 7.0%/7.0 ± 6.9%, P < 0.01/0.05). Conclusions: Morning administered amlodipine had a better effect on the circadian BP compared with evening administrated amlodipine in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.