艾灸对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠外周血基因表达谱的影响

目的 探讨隔药饼灸对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠外周血基因表达谱的影响，为后续研究提供研究方向。方法 将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、隔药饼灸组、电针组和西药组，均采用MNNG诱导CAG大鼠模型，取穴中脘、气海，隔药饼灸每次每穴1壮，每日1次，共4周；电针频率100 Hz，强度1-3 mA，20 min，每日1次，共4周；西药采用叶酸悬浊液1.0 mL/100 g灌胃，每天1次，持续4周。采用Trizol法提取各组CAG大鼠的外周血总RNA，质控后建立文库，采用RNA-seq高通量测序，结合生物信息学的方法深入分析隔药饼灸逆转的差异表达基因。结果 与正常组比较，CAG组大鼠外周血有1 542个差异表达基因，涉及的通路主要有癌症、免疫疾病、能量代谢、消化系统、免疫系统通路。隔药饼灸干预CAG大鼠的外周血差异表达基因2 956个，涉及的通路与分子相互作用、信号转导、癌症、免疫疾病、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、脂质代谢、维生素代谢、核苷酸代谢、消化系统、免疫系统、神经内分泌系统等相关；电针干预CAG外周血的差异表达基因3 136个，涉及的通路与癌症、免疫疾病、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、脂质代谢、维生素代谢、核苷酸代谢、消化系统、免疫系统、神经内分泌系统等相关；西药干预CAG外周血差异表达基因1 308个，涉及的通路与蛋白翻译、信号转导、癌症、免疫系统、消化系统等相关。经RT-qPCR验证，各组外周血Foxo3、Uba52、S100a1、Nod2的结果和RNA-seq测序结果一致。结论 隔药饼灸、电针和西药干预CAG的外周血差异表达基因的数量不同，西药较针灸改变CAG的差异基因数目少。3种干预方法均能影响CAG大鼠外周血免疫相关、肿瘤相关的基因表达谱，隔药饼灸和电针干预的差异基因还涉及能量、氨基酸、脂质、维生素代谢。     

艾灸治疗失眠的临床应用规律分析＊

目的 回顾1959年至2018年发表的灸法治疗失眠的临床文献，总结归纳灸法治疗失眠的临床应用规律。方法 检索《中国针灸信息库》、中国期刊全文数据库（清华同方）、万方数字化期刊（万方）、中文科技期刊全文数据库（维普），按照纳入和排除标准筛选灸法治疗失眠的临床研究文献，进行计量分析、聚类分析和关联性分析。结果 艾灸治疗失眠应用频次较高的穴位依次为百会、三阴交、神门、足三里；足太阳膀胱经穴应用频次最高，其次是督脉穴和肾经穴。下肢部的腧穴使用频次最高，其次为头面部、背部。关联性较高的穴对为内关、足三里、神门、百会和三阴交，关联性较高的治疗方法为艾条灸配合针刺。灸法配合中药的总有效率最高，其次为灸法配合针刺，疗效均优于单纯灸法（均P < 0.05）。对比灸法、灸药并用、灸刺并用疗法治疗前后的PSQI评分，灸法与灸药并用疗法比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），与灸刺并用比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 灸法治疗失眠的组方中主要穴对为内关、足三里、神门、百会和三阴交。配合疗法中灸刺结合的使用频率最高，但灸法配合中药疗法的有效率最高，对于PSQI评分的改善程度亦最大。     

中西医结合治疗老年溃疡性结肠炎的研究概况

目的老年溃疡性结肠炎患者逐渐成为溃疡性结肠炎患者中的第二大群体,国内外相关研究逐步展开,发病率的统计、临床特征的总结等方面趋于完善,本研究针对近5年老年溃疡性结肠炎的研究,以中西医结合治疗为出发点,探讨目前老年UC的治疗和研究现况。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane、CNKI等数据库中"老年溃疡性结肠炎(elderly/older-onset UC、UC in elderly patients/population)""中西医结合(Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine&Western Medicine、Integrated/combined therapy)的随机临床试验,观察性研究、系统评价和/或荟萃分析及所选文章的参考文献、相关研究和评估中的参考文献。结果英文文献检索命中117条,筛选审查后选定27篇(含临床指南)。中文文献命中69条,筛查后选定18篇(含临床指南与专家共识)。所有纳入文献中,临床试验8篇(含2篇protocol),综述及观察性研究31篇。结论近5年国内对于老年UC研究并不多见,治疗方面临床试验以中成药联合西药为主,针对调节炎性因子及凝血功能。国外更多使用草药提取物联合用药治疗UC。     

《针灸资生经》灸法特点浅析

《针灸资生经》以灸法的载述独见其长。就该书的灸法特点作了浅述。书中言及用灸法治疗的病证较广;对腧穴宜针宜灸、宜灸不宜针、宜少灸及禁灸穴都作了记述;所列病证灸方用穴精简,大部分灸方只取一穴施灸;重视压痛穴的应用,作为确定施灸穴位的依据;提倡"先上后下,先阳后阴"的施灸原则;重视灸感,对灸感现象有详尽的描述;灸疗法众多,灸药并用的论述也较多;临证时根据患者身体强弱、年龄、部位、病情选择艾炷大小和艾灸壮数,控制灸量;阴虚燥盛之证及孕妇、产后应当慎灸;该书作者认为治病应以调理脾胃为本,并注重预防。该书对灸法的收录和运用广博,而且实用,对后世针灸医学产生了深远的影响。     

Effect of direct moxibustion on blood pressure and clinical symptoms in elderly patients with essential hypertension

Objective

To assess the effects of direct moxibustion on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in elderly patients with essential hypertension, and to explore the antihypertensive effect and influencing factors of moxibustion.

Methods

A total of 101 elderly hypertension patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a direct moxibustion I group (n=33), a direct moxibustion II group (n=34), and a control group (n=34). The treatment of calcium antagonist (CCB) or angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) was adopted in the control group. The treatment of direct moxibustion I plus the same medicine as the control group were adopted in the direct moxibustion I group, five cones per acupoint and three times per week, for 5 weeks in total. The treatment of direct moxibustion II plus the same medicine as the control group were adopted in the direct moxibustion II group, five cones per acupoint and three times per week, for 5 weeks in total. The changes of 24-hour ABP and clinical symptoms of TCM after treatment were compared in the three groups.

Results

The mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure (mean 24 h ASBP), night ASBP, percentage of mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (mean 24 h ADBP)>90 mmHg, and percentage of day ADBP>90 mmHg in the control group were elevated after treatment (P<0.05). The percentage of night ADBP>80 mmHg in the direct moxibustion I group was reduced by treatment (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the other outcome measures of 24 h ABP, such as day ASBP, percentage of mean 24 h ASBP>140 mmHg, percentage of day ASBP>140 mmHg, percentage of night ASBP>120 mmHg, mean 24 h ADBP, day ADBP, night ADBP, 24 h ambulatory pulse pressure (APP), after treatment in all groups (P>0.05). The degree of improvement of the clinical symptoms of TCM showed significant differences among the three groups of patients (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the direct moxibustion I group was 73.3%, which was superior to those in the direct moxibustion II group and control group (13.3% and 10.0%, respectively).

Conclusion

The direct moxibustion has benign regulative effect on blood pressure of elderly patients with essential hypertension, and improves their clinical symptoms. The direct moxibustion method I (burning the next moxa cone after the previous one had totally burnt out) was superior to method II (burning the next moxa cone when the previous one had not totally burnt out ) in lowering blood pressure and improving symptoms of elderly patients with essential hypertension.

     

Influence of moxa smoke on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells

Objective

To investigate the influence of moxibustion products on mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells, and to further explore influence of moxibustion products on the oxidative damage of A549 cells.

Methods

Smoke and particles generated by moxibustion were collected using the filter box for gas sampling. The moxa smoke extract (MSE) was diluted sequentially to the final concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL using the cell culture medium, and A549 cells were then intervened by the above MSE solution. Cell MTP was detected by JC-1 staining. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression of A549 cells.

Results

Compared with cells in the normal control group, MTP was significantly decreased in cells of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.01); while MTP showed no significant changes in cells of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P>0.05); compared with cells in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.05 ); compared with cells in 0.1 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.01). Bax mRNA expression of cells in each concentration of MSE intervention group all showed no significant difference compared to that in the normal control group; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells was reduced with the increase of MSE intervention concentration. Wherein, Bcl-2 mRNA expressions of cells in 0.4 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL MSE intervention groups were significantly reduced compared with that of cells in the normal control group (P<0.05); Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells in 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Certain higher concentration of moxa smoke could reduce MTP and mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. Oxidative damage may be the important mechanism of apoptosis caused by the high concentration of moxa smoke solution, and further studies are necessary on the specific mechanisms.

     

隔药灸对慢性炎性内脏痛大鼠下丘脑SP、5-HT及c-Fos的影响

目的：本研究主要观察隔药灸对慢性炎性内脏痛大鼠下丘脑P 物质、5-羟色胺和c-Fos含量的影响,探讨隔药灸治疗慢性炎性内脏痛的镇痛机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、隔药灸组和假隔药灸组。采用三硝基苯磺酸合50%乙醇灌肠的方法制备慢性炎性内脏痛大鼠模型。隔药灸组选取双侧天枢穴、气海穴进行隔药饼灸治疗;假隔药灸组仅在穴位上放置药饼和艾炷,不点燃艾炷;模型组和正常组均不进行治疗,只做与隔药灸组相同的固定。治疗结束后,采用腹壁撤回反射评分（AWR）、机械性缩足反射阈值（MWT）、热缩足潜伏期（TWL）观察大鼠痛行为的变化,采用ELISA技术检测各组大鼠下丘脑P物质、5-羟色胺、c-Fos的含量。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠AWR评分显著升高（P<0.05）,MWT、TWL评分均显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型组、假隔药灸组比较,隔药灸组大鼠AWR评分降低（P<0.05）,MWT、TWL 评分均显著升高（P<0.01）;假隔药灸组与模型组比较,AWR、MWT、TWL评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠下丘脑P物质、5-羟色胺、c-Fos含量均显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组、假隔药灸组比较,隔药灸组大鼠下丘脑P物质、5-羟色胺、c-Fos含量均显著降低（P<0.01）;假隔药灸组与模型组比较,下丘脑P 物质、5-羟色胺、c-Fos含量差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：隔药灸能降低慢性炎性内脏痛大鼠下丘脑P物质、5-羟色胺、c-Fos的含量,该作用可能是隔药灸治疗慢性炎性内脏痛发挥镇痛作用的重要中枢机制。     

灸法研究的战略思考

在中医针灸学现代化和国际化进程中,灸法的应用日益受到关注。灸法作用机理研究已成为针灸医学研究领域亟待解决的关键科学问题。该文在总结前期灸法研究成果的基础上,对灸法下一步深入研究进行了思考和展望,认为亟需开展多学科交叉研究,阐明灸法的内源性调节机制,揭示艾灸得气、灸温、灸材等因素的作用特点、规律和机制,明确艾灸热、光、烟与灸效的关系,并确证艾灸与针刺作用的异同,以推动灸法研究新一轮的发展和创新;并展望灸法在“治未病”及防治疾病中的作用与贡献。