同型半胱氨酸与高血压患者轻度认知障碍的相关性

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）与高血压患者轻度认知障碍的相关性。 方法 回顾性纳入2017年1月-2018年2月邯郸市第一医院神经内科连续收治的原发性高血 压患者，根据其血浆Hcy水平，将患者分为单纯型高血压组（Hcy<15 μm m ol/L）与H型高血压组 （Hcy≥15 μmmol/L），采用Spearman秩相关分析Hcy与MMSE和MoCA评分的相关性，并采用Logistic回归 分析高血压患者轻度认知功能障碍的影响因素。 结果 共纳入原发性高血压患者113例，其中单纯型高血压组49例，H型高血压组64例。H型高血压 组患者的MMSE和MoCA评分均低于单纯型高血压组（分别为24.94±1.83 vs 27.96±1.54和23.45±2.47 vs 27.24±1.80，均P <0.001）。相关分析显示，Hcy水平与MMSE和MoCA评分存在负相关性（分别为r =- 0.513和r =-0.500，均P＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，高龄（OR 1.236，95%CI 1.124～1.361）、 H型高血压（OR 22.218，95%CI 8.243～59.654）是高血压患者轻度认知功能障碍的独立危险因素。 结论 Hcy水平升高是高血压患者轻度认知功能障碍发生的独立危险因素。     

The Fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity

In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemicalsynthesisto biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advancesin both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacologicalstudies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed.     

胎龄<28周早产儿动脉导管未闭的治疗进展

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是早产儿常见疾病,目前早产儿PDA的自然发展过程仍未完全明确,PDA发生的有些高危因素仍存在争议,对PDA是否进行药物、手术干预,以及何时进行药物、手术干预仍存在争议。尽管已经有相当多的证据证实动脉导管持续开放可能有害,但目前尚缺乏关闭导管治疗方案的远期益处或害处的相关证据。大多数临床试验旨在评估短期导管开放对患儿的影响。目前尚无评估动脉导管持续开放对早产儿死亡率及并发症影响的临床试验。近年来PDA治疗上最大的变化是减少对PDA的治疗。该文重点总结胎龄28周早产儿PDA的治疗策略。     

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in surface water

Ecotoxicology - The concentrations, distribution, and ecological risks of 24 typical antibiotics in Hong Kong rivers and seawater were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography...     

Genome-wide long non-coding RNA association study on Han Chinese women identifies lncHSAT164 as a novel susceptibility gene for breast cancer

Background:Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-associated genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to human disease. To comprehensively investigate the contribution of lncRNAs to breast cancer, we performed the first genome-wide lncRNA association study on Han Chinese women.Methods:We designed an lncRNA array containing >800,000 SNPs, which was incorporated into a 96-array plate by Affymetrix (CapitalBio Technology, China). Subsequently, we performed a two-stage genome-wide lncRNA association study on Han Chinese women covering 11,942 individuals (5634 breast cancer patients and 6308 healthy controls). Additionally, in vitro gain or loss of function strategies were performed to clarify the function of a novel SNP-associated gene.Results:We identified a novel breast cancer-associated susceptibility SNP, rs11066150 (P_meta = 2.34 × 10⁻⁸), and a previously reported SNP, rs9397435 (P_meta = 4.32 × 10⁻³⁸), in Han Chinese women. rs11066150 is located in NONHSAT164009.1 (lncHSAT164), which is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. lncHSAT164 overexpression promoted colony formation, whereas lncHSAT164 knockdown promoted cell apoptosis and reduced colony formation by regulating the cell cycle.Conclusions:Based on our lncRNA array, we identified a novel breast cancer-associated lncRNA and found that lncHSAT164 may contribute to breast cancer by regulating the cell cycle. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.     

Statin use and breast cancer survival and risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The purpose of this study is to determine the associations between statin use and breast cancer survival and risk by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to August 2015 for identifying relevant prospective or case-control studies, or randomized clinical trials. Five prospective studies involving 60,911 patients reported the association between statin use and breast cancer mortality. Eleven prospective studies, 12 case-control studies and 9 randomized clinical trials involving 83,919 patients reported the association between statin use and breast cancer risk. After pooling estimates from all available studies, there was a significantly negative association between pre-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer mortality (for overall survival (OS): hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.84; for disease specific survival (DSS): HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.99). There was also a significant inverse association between post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer DSS (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.98), although the association with breast cancer OS did not reach statistical significance (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.48–1.07). Additionally, there was a non-linear relationship for the duration of post-diagnosis statin use with breast cancer specific mortality. On the other hand, with regards to the relationship between statin use and breast cancer risk, no significant association was detected. Our analyses suggest that although statin use may not influence breast cancer risk, the use of statin may be associated with decrease mortality of breast cancer patients. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate our findings.     

远隔缺血处理对脑缺血再灌注大鼠认知功能障碍的神经保护作用

目的 观察远隔缺血处理对缺血再灌注损伤所致认知障碍大鼠的神经保护作用及其作用机理。 方法 选用雄性SD大鼠，采用双侧颈动脉闭塞（bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion，BCCAO）方 法建立脑缺血再灌注致血管性认知障碍（vascular cognitive impairment，VCI）动物模型，将大鼠随机分 为假手术组、对照组（VCI组）及远隔缺血处理（remote ischemic conditioning，RIC）组（VCI+RIC组）。VCI 建模成功24 h后对RIC组大鼠进行RIC连续干预21 d，RIC期满后对三组大鼠采用Morris水迷宫实验进行 定位航行实验和空间探索实验，定位航行实验连续进行5 d，记录第1天、第3天、第5天检测大鼠逃避 潜伏期，第6天检测平台停留时间和穿越平台次数以评估认知功能。实验完成后在各组大鼠中随机 选择5只取脑进行HE染色，电镜下观察各组大鼠脑白质及海马病理改变和神经元凋亡情况。 结果 Morri s水迷宫实验结果显示第1天、第3天、第5天对照组及RI C组大鼠逃避潜伏期较假手术组 均有延长（P＜0.05）。除假手术组外，另外两组大鼠逃避潜伏期时长随着训练次数增加逐渐缩短。 第1天、第3天两组间差异无统计学意义，第5天RIC组成绩好于对照组（P＜0.05）。第6天空间探索实验 中，目标象限停留时间假手术组与RIC组相近（47.2±10.2 s vs 41.2±9.7 s，P＞0.05），均优于对照组 （33.5±11.3 s），差异均具有统计学意义；穿越平台次数假手术组与RIC组相近（5.3±1.6 vs 4.7±1.2， P＞0.05），均多于对照组（2.8±1.3），差异均具有统计学意义。在空间探索实验中，与假手术组比较， 对照组大鼠的运动缺乏目的性而呈现出杂乱的曲线轨迹，RIC组相对于对照组具有明确的目的呈现 出较规则的曲线。HE染色显示与假手术组（CA1：93.53±5.01；CA3：104.63±8.26）相比，对照组CA1区 和CA3区存活的锥体神经元数目（CA1：51.03±4.95；CA3：78.53±5.31）明显减少（均P＜0.05）；而与 对照组相比，RIC组大鼠CA1区和CA3区锥体神经元存活数目（CA1：80.57±7.30；CA3：92.43±8.16）明 显增加（均P＜0.05）。 结论 脑缺血再灌注损伤可引起大鼠学习记忆障碍而导致VCI。RIC能够明显改善VCI，发挥神经保护 作用。     

卒中后肩痛周围神经电生理学研究

目的 通过对卒中后肩痛患者上肢进行神经传导速度检查及针极肌电图检查，观察卒中后肩痛患者周围神经电生理指标的变化。方法 选择符合入选标准的卒中住院患者40例，根据数字疼痛评分法（Numerical Pain Rating Scale，NPRS）分为肩痛组（26例）与无肩痛组（14例）。分别进行双侧上肢神经传导速度检查和针极肌电图（electromyography，EMG）检查。结果 肩痛组患侧腋神经、肌皮神经、正中神经复合肌肉动作电位（compound muscle action potential，CMAP）波幅较无肩痛组患侧降低，差异有显著性（P=0.000，0.001，0.000）；无肩痛组患侧尺神经CMAP波幅较同组健侧降低，差异有显著性（P=0.000）；肩痛组患侧尺神经感觉神经动作电位（sensory nerve action potential，SNAP）波幅较无肩痛组患侧降低，差异有显著性（P=0.000）。三角肌、肱二头肌自发电位出现率，肩痛组较无肩痛组增高，差异具有显著性（P=0.044，0.044）。结论 卒中后肩痛患者伴有上肢周围神经的损伤，且肩痛的发生可能与运动神经损伤有关。