基于层次分析法（AHP）的保健食品原料评价体系构建及分析

目的建立保健食品原料评价体系(Functional Food Crude Materials Evaluation System,FUFMES),为保健食品原料目录排名提供科学依据与技术保障。方法首先,利用文献调研和多轮专家访谈方法筛选FUFMES的指标并确定其层级关系;第二,使用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)计算指标权重,具体方法是依据专家打分构建判断矩阵,利用R语言进行一致性检验与最大特征根检验,得出各级指标权重;第三,使用极值法计算原料的单个指标值;第四,利用线性加权综合法得到每种原料的评价指数并据此进行排名;最后,将获得的分析结果与专家评价结果进行比较。结果 FUFMES包括6个一级指标、39个二级指标、11个三级指标。利用FUFMES对9种保健食品原料进行评价,获得的评价指数依次是:西洋参(0.49)、人参(0.48)、银杏叶(0.21)、灵芝孢子粉(0.08)、鱼油(0.06)、螺旋藻(0.03)、辅酶Q10(0.02)、褪黑素(0.01)、大蒜油(-0.03)。基于该评价指数的排名结果与专家评价结果显示了较高一致性。结论构建了科学、完整的FUFMES,FUFMES将成为保健食品原料目录评价与排名的有力工具,为推进保健食品原料备案制提供科学依据与技术保障。     

老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略

目的：促进老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的安全性及合理性。方法：根据全国各省制定的新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药预防方案，结合老年人的生理特质、病理情况、基础疾病及用药特点进行分析。结果：提出老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略。结论：老年人作为预防新冠病毒感染的重点人群，应加强合理用药干预，确保中药用药安全有效。     

2015 - 2018年陕西省死因监测网报病例来源分析

目的 解陕西省死因监测病例来源分布，为提高死因监测数据的完整性和准确性提供依据。方法 从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统 - 死因报告信息系统》中导出的陕西省13个国家级死因监测点2015 - 2018年的网报数据进行分析。结果 2015 - 2018年陕西省13个国家级监测点共报告死亡病例129 740例，其中男性75 773例，女性53 688例。分别报告32 489例、33 212例、31 533例和32 227例死亡病例，各年性别比例均衡，趋势无统计学意义（趋势χ2 = 1.84，P = 0.17）。死亡病例主要来源于乡镇卫生院，占58.80%～61.51%，其次为社区卫生服务中心和县及县以上综合医院，二者分别报告占17.60%～19.81%和17.19%～18.69%（趋势χ2 = 27.79，P＜0.01），在家中死亡的比例占绝大多数，73.06%～76.52%，死于医疗卫生机构的占17.67%～19.93%（趋势χ2 = 38.81，P＜0.01）。死亡病例生前最高诊断单位以二级医院（占46.36%～49.93%）和三级医院（占41.75%～45.63%）为主（趋势χ2 = 48.80，P＜0.01），最高诊断依据以临床+理化为主（占60.74%～63.57%）。结论 陕西省死因监测中发现虽然大多数病人在二级或三级医院就诊，且这一比例逐年提高，但绝大多数死亡病例死于家中，主要由乡镇卫生院专干完成死亡病例卡网报。因此，在今后工作中应加强对乡镇卫生院及社区卫生服务中心的培训，定期开展数据查漏补报和质量核查工作。     

Injection Drug Use Trajectories among Migrant Populations: A Narrative Review

Background: Dual epidemics of injection drug use and blood-borne disease, characterized as “syndemics,” are present in a range of settings. Behaviors that drive such syndemics are particularly prevalent among mobile drug-using populations, for whom cross-border migration may pose additional risks. Objectives: This narrative review aims to characterize the risk factors for injection drug use initiation associated with migration, employing a risk environment framework and focusing on the San Diego–Tijuana border region as the most dynamic example of these phenomena. Methods: Based on previous literature, we divide migration streams into three classes: intra-urban, internal, and international. We synthesized existing literature on migration and drug use to characterize how mobility and migration drive the initiation of injection drug use, as well as the transmission of hepatitis and HIV, and to delineate how these might be addressed through public health intervention. Results: Population mixing between migrants and receiving communities and the consequent transmission of social norms about injection drug use create risk environments for injection drug use initiation. These risk environments have been characterized as a result of local policy environments, injection drug use norms in receiving communities, migration-related stressors, social dislocation, and infringement on the rights of undocumented migrants. Conclusion: Policies that exacerbate risk environments for migrants may inadvertently contribute to the expansion of epidemics of injection-driven blood-borne disease. Successful interventions that address emerging syndemics in border regions may therefore need to be tailored to migrant populations and distinguish between the vulnerabilities experienced by different migration classes and border settings.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的培养及鉴定

目的:分离培养和鉴定大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞.方法:分离SD青年大鼠股骨,L-DMEM冲洗骨髓腔,制备细胞悬液接种培养,消化传代纯化细胞.传代的骨髓间充质干细胞进行增殖曲线、克隆形成能力测定,用免疫组化检测增殖细胞vimentin、laminin的表达.结果:传代的细胞在培养第1～2天为潜伏期,第3～6天是细胞快速增殖期,第6天达高峰,第 9天后速度减慢,进入平台期,并且随传代次数的增加,细胞增殖速度逐渐下降.随传代次数增多,克隆形成能力逐渐下降.第5代以后细胞基本纯化为骨髓间充质干细胞,细胞呈长梭形.免疫组化检测增殖细胞vimentin表达阳性、laminin表达阴性.结论:本实验方法能有效扩增大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,而且简单易行.     

Molecular basis of familial cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the commonest congenital malformations and although the aetiology is still very unclear, a familial genetic component is considered to be an important factor in certain individuals. Molecular biology techniques are being used to identify the genes involved and this paper reviews current knowledge and the advances that have already been made. Recent evidence suggests a potential major gene on 6p, and a modifying role for transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA). Moreover retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) (17q), MSXl (4p), 4q and BCL3 (19q) could all be implicated in certain CLP families. In addition, the potential modifying role of various genes with the environment are considered to be important areas of research in the future. The identification of a genetic locus associated with this disease would be an important advance in CLP genetic counselling and lead to a better understanding of the genetic basis of CLP.     

ET患者外周血NLR与促炎症细胞因子水平的相关性分析

目的 探讨原发性血小板增多症(ET)患者外周血中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与促炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6与IL-8水平的相关性.方法 收集2017年6月至2020年6月在云南省第一人民医院确诊的56例Ph染色体阴性(BCR-ABL-)的ET患者为试验组,同期56例健康体检人员为对照组.采用全自动血液分析仪进行外周血常规参数检测,计算NLR,应用流式细胞仪检测IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8水平,分析NLR与IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8水平的相关性.结果 ET组NLR 4.37(0.33～13.66)高于对照组1.79(0.92～3.13),比较差异有统计学意义(U=6.814,P<0.05).ET组外周血中IL-1β、IL-6与IL-8水平分别为2.06(0.45～28.24)、6.57(0.10～159.06)和9.34(0.43～155.65)ng/L均高于对照组1.76(0.57～3.64)、3.42(0.83～13.02)和3.88(1.54～45.10)ng/L,比较差异均有统计学意义(U=1.799、2.668、3.828,P<0.05).ET组NLR与IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8水平呈正相关(r=0.2805、0.3727、0.2573,P<0.05).结论 NLR有可能作为初步判断ET患者体内炎性环境的一项简易指标.