个体化下肢小腿假肢接受腔设计的生物力学评价技术研究

作为传递体重、固定假肢的部件 ,接受腔对于小腿假肢使用的舒适性和方便程度有决定性的作用。本研究建立了基于有限元应力分析的小腿假肢生物力学评价技术平台 ,实现了小腿残端 /接受腔 3D几何建模与信息交互、三维有限元自动建模及应力分析。 3D模型与信息交互的实现基于得到广泛支持的OpenGL技术 ,有限元模型的构建采用了专门针对小腿残端 /接受腔结构特点的自动建模方法 ,通过构建档案数据库系统作为整个系统的操作平台。该技术平台可与现有的CAD/CAM系统相结合 ,为接受腔的个体化设计提供生物力学定量化依据。其临床应用将改善传统的设计流程 ,提高设计效率。同时 ,它也是未来构建接受腔设计专家 /智能系统的基础。     

Overview and update on molecular testing in non-small cell lung carcinoma utilizing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) samples

Lung carcinoma remains one of the most frequent and aggressive human neoplasms. Fortunately, in the last decades, the increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer development has allowed the use of targeted therapies with improvement of prognosis in many patients. Clinical management has also changed after the introduction of endobronchialultrasonographic bronchoscopy that allows a conservative staging of lung tumors, avoiding the need of mediastinoscopy for lymph node staging. Lung pathologists and cytopathologists are facing the challenge of giving the more comprehensive prognostic and predictive information with ever smaller tissue or cytological samples. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular testing for non-small cell lung carcinoma and how pathologists can contribute to the patient's outcome with a conscious management of biological samples.     

碱离子水饮用后血小板聚集率的的变化(附30例报告)

目的:报告30例饮用豪斯牌碱离子水前、后血小板聚集率的变化。方法:饮用碱离子水前、后(2～3月,>3～6月)作比浊法血小板聚集试验,以1分钟、5分钟及5分钟内最大聚集率(Max％)为指标,同时检测部分血粘度指标及凝血因子,并用自动生化仪检测血糖、血脂、主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能。结果:饮碱离子水后,血小板聚集率明显下降,而以疾病组(Max>80％)下降尤为明显,P均<0.001。饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率的下降,部分可能与损伤的血管内皮得到修复有关。主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变。结论:由于心、脑血管血栓性疾病患者血小板聚集率多明显升高,饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率明显下降,且长期饮用对主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变,作者认为碱离子水使用方例、安全、有效、价廉,因而对心、脑血管血栓性疾病防治方面可能是一种积极的辅助方法,值得临床进一步探索。     

The management of acute abdominal pain in children

Objective : Acute abdominal pain is a common problem in childhood, and appendicitis is frequently diagnosed by general practitioners and doctors working in emergency departments. The objective of the present report was to determine the frequency of appendicitis in a group of children with acute abdominal pain presenting to the emergency department of a general hospital, as well as attempting to analyse the manner in which these patients were managed.
Methodology : The initial assessment in hospital (by resident hospital staff) of the study group of patients was analysed and their subsequent clinical progress documented.
Results : The present report shows that the vast majority of children with acute abdominal pain do not have appendicitis and that appendicitis is significantly over-diagnosed by junior hospital doctors.
Conclusions : Appendicitis is a clinical diagnosis, best made by an experienced member of the paediatric surgical team. Frequent review, with a minimum of investigations, provides the best means of making a rational decision regarding surgery.     

Effective ways of restoring muscular imbalances of the rotator cuff muscle group: a comparative study of various training methods

Background: Many studies have compared different training methods for improving muscular performance, but more investigations need to be directed to the restoration of muscular imbalances.

Objective: To determine the most effective training for altering strength ratios in the shoulder rotator cuff.

Methods: Forty eight physical education students were randomly assigned to four groups (12 per group): (a) experimental group who carried out multijoint dynamic resistance training for shoulder internal and external rotation movement (pull ups or lat pull downs, overhead press, reverse pull ups, push ups) (MJDR group); (b) experimental group who exercised the same muscle group using dumbbells weighing 2 kg (isolated group); (c) experimental group who followed an isokinetic strengthening programme for the rotator cuff muscle group (isokinetic group); (d) control group who had no strength training. Testing was performed in the supine position with the glenohumeral joint in 90° of abduction in the coronal plane, with a range of motion of 0–90° of external rotation and 0–65° of internal rotation at angular velocities of 60, 120, and 180°/s. The test procedure was performed before and after the exercise period of six weeks.

Results: One way analysis of variance found no differences between the groups for the initial tests. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the strength ratios in all the experimental groups had altered after the exercise period, with the isokinetic group showing the most significant improvement.

Conclusions: Isokinetic strengthening is the most effective method of altering strength ratios of the rotator cuff muscle.

     

Chemometric and derivative methods as flexible spectrophotometric approaches for dissolution and assaying tests in multicomponent tablets

Two derivative spectrophotometric (ratio derivative spectra and algorithm bivariate calibration) and a chemometric methods (partial least squares, PLS) are proposed for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures in tablet analysis and dissolutions tests, without prior separation. These approaches are successfully applied to quantify trimethoprim (TMP) combined with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) or sulfamethazine (SMZ) or sulfafurazole (SFZ) using the information in the absorption spectra of appropriate solutions. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.98-17.5 microg/ml for TMP, 0.95-17.2 microg/ml for SMX, 1.16-17.5 microg/ml for SMZ and 0.97-17.4 microg/ml for SFZ. The first derivative (1D) bivariate algorithm method involves the use of four calibration curves: two for each compound at two different wavelengths, selected by Kaiser's method. Similarly, the first derivative ratio spectrophotometry employs the linear relationship between the ratio spectra of the analytes and the concentration range. The results were compared with those obtained by PLS multivariate calibration. The calibration models from PLS were pre-treated by orthogonal signal correction and evaluated by cross-validation using the 'SIMCA-P 9' software. Synthetic mixtures of TMP and sulfonamides were used in five different sets for the validity of the calibrations. Mean recoveries for derivative ratio, derivative bivariate and PLS methods were found to be between 99.7% and 102.0% for TMP, 99.4% and 100.2% for SMX, 99.3% and 101.0% for SMZ and 98.1% and 102.3% for SFZ. The calibrations of the three methods were successfully applied to the assaying and dissolution of placebo and commercial tablets without any prior separation. More than 85% of TMP, SMX and SMZ were dissolved within 15 min. For SFZ, only 85% of the compound was dissolved after 60 min. In this study, the three spectrophotometric methods can be satisfactorily used for the quantitative analysis and for dissolution tests of multicomponent dosage forms.