福泮与芬太尼用于乳腺癌根治术后静脉镇痛临床效果的比较

吗啡、芬太尼阿片类制剂用于乳腺癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果确切，但易引起恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、皮肤瘙痒和尿潴留等不良反应。虽然临床上已采取了多种措施来预防这些不良反应，但上述不良反应仍难以完全避免。因此，寻求镇痛效果确切且不良反应少的镇痛药物或方法，一直是临床医师的研究课题。我院于2002年3月开始将盐酸奈福泮用于乳腺癌根治术后静脉镇痛，并与芬太尼的术后静脉镇痛在镇痛效果、不良反应等方面作了对比观察。现报道如下。     

周围动脉疾病介入治疗致血管迷走神经反射的探讨

目的 探讨周围动脉疾病(PAD)介入治疗发生血管迷走神经反射(VVR)的情况.方法 回顾我院PAD介入治疗528例患者临床资料,对12例发生VVR患者资料进行分析.结果 12例VVR患者均为混合型,发生在术中2例,术后10例.治疗后症状均缓解,未发生不良后果.结论 PAD介入治疗中应重视VVR,一旦发生应及时发现、处理,一般预后良好.     

应用组合式外支架治疗胫腓骨多段骨折

我院自１９９７年８月开始应用夏和桃研制的组合式外固定器治疗胫腓骨多段骨折８例,效果良好,报告如下。１　临床资料１．１　本组８例,男４例,女４例。年龄２６～５４岁。骨折部位：骨折线位于胫骨中段及下段４例,胫骨上段及中段２例,上段及下段２例。骨折类型：５例两处骨折线均为横形,３例一处骨折线为横形,一处骨折线为斜形,６例有蝶形骨折块。致伤原因为车祸伤。３例为开放性损伤,最大皮肤软组织缺损１２ｃｍ×８ｃｍ。１．２　手术方法：局麻或硬膜外麻醉下手法复位,对位满意后钻放直径４ｍｍ钢针,进行平面及角度根据骨折…     

电针与锌合用对帕金森病模型大鼠DA能神经元恢复的调节

目的 探讨电针与小剂量锌合用对帕金森病(PD)模型大鼠DA能神经元结构和功能恢复的调节作用.方法 选取SD大鼠100只,将6-羟基多巴胺注入中脑右侧黑质制备单侧黑质损毁的PD大鼠模型,将模型大鼠随机分成模型组、0Hz组和120 Hz电针组、120 Hz+锌组和锌组,另设有假手术组,共6组.治疗或观察6个星期,观察治疗前后PD模型大鼠行为学变化,黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性细胞的形态、数量以及黑质多巴胺能神经元凋亡的情况.结果 与模型组比较,锌组、120 Hz组以及120 Hz+锌组大鼠行为学明显改善(P＜0.05或0.01),大鼠损毁侧TH阳性神经元数明显增加,DA能神经元凋亡数显著减少(P＜0.05或0.01).与120 Hz组比较,120 Hz+锌组大鼠损毁侧黑质TH阳性神经元数的增加及凋亡细胞百分比的减少也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 电针与小剂量锌合用治疗PD模型大鼠在使DA能神经元结构和功能恢复方面具有较好的神经保护作用.     

关节镜下Mason-Allen技术治疗肩胛下肌腱损伤

目的：评价关节镜下Mason-Allen技术修复肩胛下肌腱损伤的临床疗效和修复后肌腱结构完整性。方法：回顾性分析2015年05月至2018年12月我科关节镜下采用Mason-Allen技术修复肩胛下肌腱损伤患者的临床资料。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分（Visual Analogue Scale, VAS）、美国肩肘外科医师评分(American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scale,ASES)、Constant肩关节评分对肩关节功能评估,采用术前及术后6月MRI评价肩胛下肌腱的完整性。结果：共纳入患者98例,其中男性75例,女性23例,平均年龄56.4±9.6岁;平均随访12.5±4.0个月。术前Constant肩关节评分48.3±19.0分,ASES评分43.6±15.2分,术后末次随访后分别为74.5±14.2分和78.3±17.1分;术前VAS评分3.42分,术后末次随访1.91分;术前肩关节前屈上举（87.26±16.30）°、外展外旋（52.18±11.41）°、内旋L1（T6-S3）水平,术后末次随访前屈上举（151.28±17.65）°、外展外旋（75.76±8.68）°、内旋T11（T8-S3）水平;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。7例（7.1%）MRI检查存在再撕裂。结论：关节镜下应用Mason-Allen技术治疗肩胛下肌腱损伤,临床疗效改善明显,肌腱完整性良好,是关节镜下修复肩胛下肌腱的一种有效方法。     

子宫积脓穿孔12例误诊分析(综合报道)

老年女性子官积脓穿孔较为少见，多数以急性化脓性腹膜炎为主要表现而在外科就诊，临床极易误诊误治，本文综合报道12例，分析其误诊原因。1临床资料1．1一般资料12例均为绝经后妇女。年龄54～79岁，平均67岁。其中误诊为消化道穿孔6例，化脓性阑尾炎穿孔5例，绞窄性肠梗阻1例。1.2临床表现12例病初均表现为发热。体温波动于38～40C之间。继之表现为腹痛，以下腹疼痛明显者5例，上腹明显者2例，全腹疼痛者5例，均伴有腹膜炎刺激体征。术后追问病史，5例既往有阴道分泌物增多病史。1．3特殊检查术前均行腹部X线透视，其中见双侧隔下游离气体…     

汶川地震中挤压综合征所致急性肾损伤

Objective To identify risk factors associated with the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in-duced by crush syndrome and whether the patient required hemodialysis (HD). Method A retrospective study was designed. Within 19 days after the Chinese Wenchuan earthquake (May 12, 2008), 63 victims (33 men, 30women) of 2139 cases were hospitalized at Mianyang Central Hospital (Siehuau, China) because of crush syn-drome caused by crush injuries. The patients with renal dysfimcfion before the earthquake were excluded. Totally 63 patients with AKI associated with crush syndrome were included in this study and were divided into two groups: group 1, 25 patients, requiring HD (when urine volume <250 mL/d;serum potassium> 6 mmol/L) ; and group 2, 38 patients, without HD. The following data were collected retrospectively for all patients: (1) epidemiological parameters: age, gender, race, time under the rubble, liquid treatmem before being rescued; (2) clinical param-eters: blood pressure, body area crushed, amputation, fasciotomy, blood transfusion, quantity of fluid infusion, urine output in the first 24 hours; (3) initial laboratory data: complete blood count, urine analysis, serum chem-istry, arterial blood gas analysis. Comparisons between the two groups were made using SPSS 10.0. The quantita-tive data and categorical data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 tests, respectively. P -values < 0.05 were consid-ered to indicate significant differences. The significant variables were entered into logistic regression models to de-termine the risk factors for the severity of AK1 in patients with crush syndrome and whether the patient required HD. Results Four significant risk factors with P -values < 0.05 were identified: fasciotomy, cystatin C (Cys C)level, myoglobin (MB) level and lactic acidosis. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 8.641 (3.027～76.479), 6.956 (3.027～76.479), 5.379 (3.027～76.479) and 4.833 (2.569～32.764), respectively. Conclusions In addition to urine output and potassium levels, we found that four risk factors, namely faseiotomy, Cys C and MB levels, and lactic acidosis, were significanfly associated with the severity of AKI and whether the patient required hemodialysis.     

胸壁结核的外科治疗

胸壁组织(包括骨骼和软组织)因结核杆菌感染而形成脓肿或慢性窦道,称为胸壁结核.多发生于青少年,中老年体弱者亦可发病.