基于层次分析法（AHP）的保健食品原料评价体系构建及分析

目的建立保健食品原料评价体系(Functional Food Crude Materials Evaluation System,FUFMES),为保健食品原料目录排名提供科学依据与技术保障。方法首先,利用文献调研和多轮专家访谈方法筛选FUFMES的指标并确定其层级关系;第二,使用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)计算指标权重,具体方法是依据专家打分构建判断矩阵,利用R语言进行一致性检验与最大特征根检验,得出各级指标权重;第三,使用极值法计算原料的单个指标值;第四,利用线性加权综合法得到每种原料的评价指数并据此进行排名;最后,将获得的分析结果与专家评价结果进行比较。结果 FUFMES包括6个一级指标、39个二级指标、11个三级指标。利用FUFMES对9种保健食品原料进行评价,获得的评价指数依次是:西洋参(0.49)、人参(0.48)、银杏叶(0.21)、灵芝孢子粉(0.08)、鱼油(0.06)、螺旋藻(0.03)、辅酶Q10(0.02)、褪黑素(0.01)、大蒜油(-0.03)。基于该评价指数的排名结果与专家评价结果显示了较高一致性。结论构建了科学、完整的FUFMES,FUFMES将成为保健食品原料目录评价与排名的有力工具,为推进保健食品原料备案制提供科学依据与技术保障。     

老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略

目的：促进老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的安全性及合理性。方法：根据全国各省制定的新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药预防方案，结合老年人的生理特质、病理情况、基础疾病及用药特点进行分析。结果：提出老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略。结论：老年人作为预防新冠病毒感染的重点人群，应加强合理用药干预，确保中药用药安全有效。     

Molecular basis of familial cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the commonest congenital malformations and although the aetiology is still very unclear, a familial genetic component is considered to be an important factor in certain individuals. Molecular biology techniques are being used to identify the genes involved and this paper reviews current knowledge and the advances that have already been made. Recent evidence suggests a potential major gene on 6p, and a modifying role for transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA). Moreover retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) (17q), MSXl (4p), 4q and BCL3 (19q) could all be implicated in certain CLP families. In addition, the potential modifying role of various genes with the environment are considered to be important areas of research in the future. The identification of a genetic locus associated with this disease would be an important advance in CLP genetic counselling and lead to a better understanding of the genetic basis of CLP.     

Evaluating the utility of national‐scale data to estimate the local risk of foot‐and‐mouth disease in endemic regions

Knowledge of the distribution of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is required if control programmes are to be successful. However, data on the seroprevalence and incidence of affected villages in developing countries with endemic disease are scarce. This is partly due to resource constraints as well as the logistical challenges of conducting intensive surveys and diagnostic testing in remote locations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of low resolution national‐scale data against high resolution local survey data to predict the FMD serological status of 168 villages in the Mandalay and Sagaing Regions of central Myanmar using both logistic regression and random forest modelling approaches. Blood samples for ELISA testing were collected from approximately 30 cattle per village in both the 6 to 18 month age range and in the over 18 month age range to distinguish between recent and historical exposure, respectively. The results of the animal level tests were aggregated to the village level to provide the outcome of interest (village positive or not positive for FMD), and three explanatory data sets were constructed: using only nationally available data, using only data collected by survey and using the combined survey and nationally available data. The true seroprevalence of FMD at the village level was 61% when only young animals were included, but increased to 87% when all animals were included. The best performing model was a logistic regression model using the combined national and survey data to predict recent infection in villages. However, this still incorrectly classified 40% of villages, which suggests that using national‐level data were not reliable enough for extrapolating seroprevalence in regions where conducting detailed surveys is impractical. Other methods for collected data on FMD such as the use of local reporting should be explored.