长期接触氯气对工人健康的影响

为了摸清长期接触氯气引起的呼吸系统疾病和刺激症状是否与职业有关,我们于1991年进行了一次调查。1 对象与方法1.1 对象接触组由某化工厂氯气制造工189人(其中女52人)为 A 组;某电化厂氯碱电解1378人(其中女125人)为 B 组.对照组由某化工机械厂金工车间302人(其     

THE RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL LEAD EXPOSURE

We conducted a field survey on 53 workers in a battery factory, 52 solder workers, and 50 embroidery workers (control group). The average air lead levels at the workplaces of these three groups were 0.578 mg/nt, 0.0015 mg/m:3 and 0.006 mg,iml respectively. Clinical and biochemical studies re vealed that the workers in Shanghai Navigation Battery Factory were affected somewhat by the toxic effects of lead. The solder workers showed no signi- ficant abnormalities compared with the control group. A significant dose-response relationship ex isted between air lead levels and toxic effects. The early clinical manifestations observed were dysfunction of the central nervous system, dyspcpsia, joint pain, and myalgia in the extremities. A positive association was observed between the prevalences of fatigue, mild abdominal pain, and joint pain and the blood lead (PbB), urine lead (PbU), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels. The symptomatic threshold values for PbB, PbU, and ZPP were 30 u.g/dl, 0.045 mg/'I, and 40 Ug/dl, respectively Although the PbB, PbU, 6-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), and ZPP levels could be used as criteria of lead exposure, the measurement of ZPP is the first- choice screening test for a preventive monitoring program. The motor and sensory conduction velocities in the median nerve were slower in the exposure group than the control group (p<0.05). Conduction velocity and intensity of lead exposure were not significantly correlated. No apparent effects on behavioral func tion were observed among the solder workers.     

中国劳动保护科技学会职业卫生专业委员会在青岛召开学术交流会

中国劳动保护科技学会职业卫生专业委员会在青岛召开学术交流会中国劳动保护科学技术学会职业卫生专业委员会第二次全国学术交流会暨第二届专业委员会换届会议，于１９９６年５月７日至１０日在山东青岛召开。出席会议有２４个省市自治区专业机构代表１２１名。会议共收到...     

橡胶、塑料作业工人体力劳动强度分级调查

通过对上海4家橡胶厂和1家塑料加工厂的29个工种,174名工人的劳动工时、能量消耗值的测定,来换算体力劳动强度分级。结果Ⅳ级占6.9%,Ⅲ级占20.7%,Ⅱ级占27.6%,Ⅰ级占44.8%。同时还讨论了影响体力劳动强度分级结果的3种因素。     

个体采样器在健康监护中的应用研究

通过对某橡胶制品厂苯作业工人的个体监测和区域瞬时监测,测得的瞬时浓度、瞬时平均浓度、时间加权平均浓度和工班浓度的比较和分析。区域监测浓度与个体监测浓度两均值间差异有显著性,且呈显著相关,可为四种浓度值之间在特定环境中的换算提供依据。在化工健康监护接触评定中,运用个体采样器测得的时间加权平均浓度推算的个体接触量较为准确和可靠,为今后个体接触评定和群体接触评定工作的深入开展和推广提供了数据。     

职业性铅接触危害的研究

本文调查了接触铅烟平均浓度为0.578mg/m~3的蓄电池厂工人53名,0.0015mg/m~3的小焊锡工52名以及0.0006mg/m~3的对照组绣花工50名。从临床症状与生化指标来看,蓄电池厂工人已受到了一定程度的铅危害,小焊锡工与对照组工人相比未见异常,可见铅的毒性危害呈明显的剂量-反应关系。铅的毒性早期症状为中枢神经系统功能紊乱、消化不良和四肢肌肉关节酸痛等。本文见乏力、腹部隐痛和关节酸痛的发生数与PbB、PbU及ZPP的浓度成正比,其症状阈浓度分别为30μg/dl、0.045mg/l及40μg/dl。铅接触的指标可以采用PbB、PbU、ALAD、FEP及ZPP,但作为预防性监护的过筛指标以ZPP为宜。铅接触组的正中神经运动及感觉传导速度均较对照组为慢(P<0.05)。在铅接触组工人中,传导速度的减慢与铅接触程度未见明显关系。     

车间空气中六氟化硫的最高容许浓度的探讨

六氟化硫(SF_6)是具有良好绝缘性气体,用于电气设备中,SF_6本身是一种惰性气体,属无毒。如果产品中含有低氟化硫杂质,使毒性增高。本文实验结果,SF_6新气和开断气,化学分析结果未见高毒性低氟化硫;动物试验结果在急性静式染毒480,000mg/m~(?)4小时以及亚急性静式染毒120,000mg/m~3,每日4小时,为期3周,均属无毒性化合物。现场卫生学调查,车间空气中SF_6浓度在80～3456.8mg/m~3,或短时间接触2600～9000mg/m~3,专业工令在3年左右,未发现不良影响。建议SF_6在车间空气中的最高容许浓度为6000mg/m~3。