黄热病疫苗接种后不良反应事件及其监测

黄热病毒通过蚊虫叮咬传播,在南美洲热带地区和非洲撒哈拉以南地区自然疫源地的灵长类动物体内长期存在。黄热病不定期暴发人间流行,15%的黄热病毒感染者的临床表现重,病死率达20%~50%,无特效治疗药物,疫苗接种是目前预防人类罹患黄热病的有效措施之一。17D黄热病减毒活疫苗已在全球用于预防黄热病多年,其安全性和有效性已被广泛证实,但接种后不良反应事件仍时有报道,某些人群接种17D黄热病减毒活疫苗后相关的神经系统疾病和内脏疾病等严重不良反应的发生率显著升高。对黄热病疫苗接种后不良反应进行合理的监测,将有助于黄热病疫苗在黄热病防控中发挥更大作用。     

出国留学生心理评估在出入境体检中的应用

目的了解出国留学生心理健康状况及应付方式特点。方法采用SCL-90自评量表、应付方式问卷及自编个人信息问卷,对388名出国留学生进行心理测量。结果留学生心理异常率为20.36%,男生阳性筛查率为18.47%,女生阳性筛查率为21.65%。不同性别、不同学历留学生心理症状各因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),留学生SCL-90各因子分均低于对照组和1986年全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。应付方式以解决问题、求助等积极应付方式为主。结论出国留学生心理健康水平好于对照组和全国常模,应付方式积极。     

GEMINI GXL16 PET-CT的验收与NEMA标准的应用

目的 依照美国国家电气制造协会(NEMA)最新版NEMA NU 2-2001标准,对飞利浦公司生产的GEMINI GXL16 PET-CT仪进行验收和性能评估.方法 使用NEMA NU 2-2001标准的测试模型和测试方法,对PET的空间分辨率、能量分辨率、散射分数、计数丢失、灵敏度、PET与CT图像的融合精度等参数进行测试.结果 空间分辨率[(半高宽)mm]轴向为6.06(0cm)和6.44(10 cm),横向为4.65(1cm)和5.98(10 cm);散射分数为34.27%;能量分辨率为18%;中心(0 cm)和偏离中心10cm处的灵敏度分别为8312和8472(计数·s-1·MBq);等效噪声计数率为53.29×103计数/s;清楚分辨直径为10 mm的最小热球;PET与CT图像融合无偏离(模型).结论 该PET-CT仪的PET部分被测试指标均达到出厂要求,通过验收.     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

目的 探讨重组人粒细胞.巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)对提高成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答免疫的作用.方法 将两年内完成1～2个标准乙肝疫苗接种程序、复查HBV标志物均阴性的健康人群随机分为A、B两组.A组:33人,按标准免疫程序予10μg乙肝疫苗;B组:34人,先予rhGM-CSF 300μg皮下注射,次日始按A组方案予乙肝疫苗.接种首针后第1、2、8个月(T1、T2、T8)采血检测抗-HBs.结果 A、B组T8抗-HBs阳性率分别为39.39%和64.71%(P=0.038);A组三次抗体滴度检测结果 无显著性变化;B组升高明显,分别为(113.85±198.56)mIU/ml,(312.40±349.44)mIU/ml,(427.74±411.58)mIU/ml(P=0.001).A组和B组T8抗体水平差异有统计学意义(P=0.010).结论 rhGM-CSF联合乙肝疫苗复种对无(弱)应答者免疫效果优于单纯复种,GM-CSF具有提高机体对乙肝疫苗免疫应答的能力.     

两种结核分枝杆菌快速检测方法的比较

目的比较荧光定量PCR检测和直接扩增检测两种方法对结核分枝杆菌检测的敏感性、特异性,及在国境口岸卫生检疫工作中的应用前景。方法应用结核分枝杆菌荧光定量PCR和直接扩增检测47份疑似或确诊活动性肺结核空腹痰标本,并与液体培养结果进行比较。结果荧光定量PCR法与直接扩增法对结核分枝杆菌检测敏感性分别为46.7%和100%,特异性分别为81.2%和84.4%。结论结核分枝杆菌直接扩增检测是一种较为敏感而特异的快速检测方法,在国境口岸卫生检疫部门具有重要的应用价值。     

对赴美领养儿童麻疹病例疫情处理方案的探讨

目的总结赴美领养儿童麻疹病例疫情处理方案和经验。方法收集了广东口岸历年赴美领养儿童麻疹病例疫情资料,对个案处理的工作记录进行整理分析。结果从2001—2009年,广东国际旅行卫生保健中心共发现了12例麻疹病例,总检出率为0.238‰。在麻疹疫情监控工作中采取合理的措施和有效的手段,做到对麻疹患者早发现、早隔离和早治疗,并通过对麻疹病例密切接触者进行免疫水平检查,对麻疹易感者进行免疫保护和观察,从而使麻疹易感者得到及时有效的保护。结论建立规范的领养儿童麻疹疫情的处理制度和规程,更有效和及时地防止麻疹病例传出国(境)外或在国内传播蔓延。     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.     

中药材紫外光谱微机管理系统

<正> 我国中医历史悠久,中药材品种繁多,来源复杂,混淆品与伪品屡有出现,给药材的准确鉴定造成很大困难。药材鉴别方法很多,传统的性状鉴定法易受人为因素影响,各种显微     

定期班轮灭鼠方法探讨

本文作者对三组中度鼠患的定期班轮分别使用蒸熏法、多次投饵加器械灭鼠法的灭鼠效果进行了对比分析,认为对中度鼠患定期班轮的灭鼠可先使用多次投饵加器械灭鼠法,但对于食源丰富的船舶仍需使用蒸熏法灭鼠。