鼻咽癌调强放疗对海马结构的剂量影响分析

目的 分析鼻咽癌调强放疗中海马结构的受照剂量及相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析59例鼻咽癌的调强放疗计划,比较不同临床分期鼻咽癌的海马结构受照剂量及特点.结果 59例鼻咽癌患者的海马结构受照剂量受T分期影响明显,Dmax11.1 ～78.2 Gy,Dmean3.2 ～44.6 Gy,T1 ～T4期海马结构受照剂量(Dmax和Dmean)差异均有统计学意义,Dmax(F=24.2,P＜0.05)、Dmean(P=16.3,P＜0.05).其中T3、T4期病例平均受照剂量和体积明显高于T1、T2期,Dmax、Dmean分别为(58.6±14.8)Gy、(20.9±19.3) Gy和(40.8±9.4) Gy、(12.5±5.1) Gy.结论 鼻咽癌调强放疗中,海马结构可能受到较大剂量的照射,肿瘤T分期是重要的影响因素,特别在T3-4期病例放疗中值得关注.     

不同化疗方案加放射治疗鼻咽癌的远期疗效

目的 探讨在鼻咽癌治疗中采用不同化疗方案配合常规放射治疗对肿瘤局部控制及远期生存的影响。方法 ３００例病理证实的鼻咽癌病例随机分为单纯放射治疗组１１４例，放射治疗＋新辅助化疗组９３例，放射治疗＋同步化疗组９３例。常规放射治疗：鼻咽原发灶ＤＴ７０Ｇｙ，颈部预防照射ＤＴ５０Ｇｙ，转移灶ＤＴ６５～７０Ｇｙ。新辅助化疗：氟尿嘧啶１０００ｍｇ／ｄ，３次／周，顺铂１００ｍｇ／周，交替各用２周，同步化疗：顺铂２０ｍｇ／ｄ，２次／周，氟尿嘧啶５００ｍｇ／ｄ，２次／周，交替各用３周。结果 ５年总生存率（ＯＳ）为５７．１％，５年无瘤生存率（ＤＦＳ）为５２．９％，５年无远地转移生存率（ＤＭＦ）为６１．０％，５年局部区域无复发生存率（ＬＲＦ）为８３．３％；各治疗组间５年ＯＳ、ＤＦＳ、ＤＭＦ和ＬＲＦ差异无显著性意义（Ｘ＾２值分别为２．９     

试验性研究GM—CSF对头颈部肿瘤放疗期间口腔粘膜炎作用的初步报道

作者旨在研究GM-CSF放疗期间口腔粘膜局部给药的直接作用。17例病人进入研究组,其中口腔鳞癌9例,鼻咽癌4例,喉癌1例,腮腺癌3例。编号P1～17,外照射50～70Gy,5次/周,3例(P6,P12,P13)为术后放疗,3例(P2,P8,P15)放疗同时给予5-FU及DDP化疗。所有病人治疗前行牙齿预防性处理,治疗后每周检查口腔一次并摄片。口腔粘膜炎依据临床检查及功能进行分级。GM-CSF为标准冻干粉末400μg用1ml蒸馏水溶解后加入装有200ml     

美国癌症研究联合会第七版肿瘤分期对鼻咽癌放疗预后的影响

目的 观察美国癌症研究联合会( AJCC)第7版肿瘤分期标准对鼻咽癌常规放疗(CRT)和凋强放疗(IMRT)预后的影响.方法 用AJCC第7版肿瘤TNM分期标准对本院2004-2006年接受CRT和IMRT的鼻咽癌患者重新分期和分析预后.共1138例患者入组,CRT 790例,IMRT 348例.CRT和IMRT患者中位年龄分别为47岁和45岁(x2 =1.49,P=0.222),男女比例分别为580∶210和266∶82(x2=1.15,P=0.303),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期例数分别为0、41、488、261和5、65、176、102例(x2 =64.78,P=0.001).比较两种放疗的3年疗效,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验.结果 3年随访率为96.0％.常规、IMRT患者中位随访时间分别为32、33个月,死亡例数分别为113、35例.N分期是影响常规、IMRT总生存和无远处转移生存的因素(x2 =6.50、13.60,P=0.038、0.004和X2=7.78、15.30,P=0.009、0.002),临床分期对CRT总生存有影响(x2=6.70,P=0.035)、对IMRT无远处转移生存有影响(x2=9.12,P=0.028).结论 第7版AJCCT分期仍不能满足准确判断鼻咽癌预后的需要,N分期是影响鼻咽癌总生存和无远处转移生存的重要预后因素.     

140例局部复发鼻咽癌患者三维适形放疗的疗效分析

背景与目的:局部复发鼻咽癌再次放疗的方式很多,但常规放疗后良反应大,目前关于三维适形放疗(three dimensional conformal radiation therapy,3D-CRT)治疗复发鼻咽癌的报道较少,本研究旨在分析3D-CRT对140例局部复发鼻咽癌患者的疗效及其不良反应.方法:本院于1997年5月-2009年6月对140例经病理活检和(或)通过CT/MRI证实颅底病变或颅神经症状进展而确诊为局部复发的鼻咽癌患者采用3D-CRT治疗.患者中位复发时间为27.5个月(1～156个月),50.7％患者的复发为T3-4期,患者3D-CRT治疗的最小计划放疗剂量是GTV-P为DT 59.4 Gy/1.8～2 Gy(联合或不联合化疗).结果:复发后中位照射剂量是62 Gy (39～82 Gy);中位随访时间25.5个月(3～135个月),随访率100％.3、5年的总生存率(overall survival,OS),无瘤生存率(disease-free survival,DFS),局部控制率(locoregional recurrence-free survival,LRRFS)分别为44.53％ vs 31％,42.82％ vs 29.13％,44.19％ vs 30.76％.48例患者(34.3％)出现中重度并发症,其中鼻咽溃疡13例(9.29％),颅神经损伤21例(15％),张口困难20例(14.3％),听力下降16例(11.4％).多因素分析显示年龄是独立的预后不良因素.结论:采用3D-CRT对局部复发鼻咽癌安全、有效,不良反应可以耐受.     

鼻咽癌中下颈淋巴引流区合理预防照射方法的探讨

目前鼻咽癌中下颈淋巴引流区预防照射普遍采用单一切线野,中央挡铅3 cm宽度保护颈段脊髓,剂量计算采用点剂量计算方法,通常是按照输出量（MU）250 cGy/次,给予总剂量6250 cGy.由于颈部外轮廓接近椭圆形,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组淋巴引流区深度不同,单纯前野照射无法使各淋巴引流区得到均匀足量照射.笔者通过设计不同的放疗方式,分析比较中下颈部各淋巴引流区的剂量分布,期望找到合理的中下颈淋巴引流区的预防照射方法.     

46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of patients with initially di-agnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1995 to December 1998, 46 NPC patients with distant metastases were treated in Fujian provincial cancer hospital. Among these pa-tients, 43 were single site metastasis and 3 were multiple sites metastases;The site of metastasis were 19 pa-tients in the liver, 11 in the bone, 7 in the lung, 1 in the brain, 6 in mediastinal nodes and 6 in axillary lymph nodes. All patients received standard radiotherapy to the primary site and cervical node region with a median dose of 72 Gy. Forty-one patients (89%) received 1-5 cycles chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-flu-orouracil), and 23 (50%) received palliative irradiation to the metastatic site. Results The median surviv-al time was 20 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66%, 47%, 30% and 19%, respectively. Irradiation to the metastatic sites and KPS were the significant prognostic factors. Pa-tients with palliative irradiation to the metastatic site had longer survival than those without (39 months vs. 13 months, X2=8.63, P=0.012). Patients with good performance status (KPS≥80) had better outcomes thanthose with poor performance status (26 months vs. 12 months, X2= 3.95, P=0.035) . Conclusions Active therapy may prolong the survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic NPC, especially for those who have good performance status. Under systematic chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site and supportive care, the palliative irradiation to the metastatic site may also yield a good result.     

46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

Objective To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic results of patients with initially di-agnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1995 to December 1998, 46 NPC patients with distant metastases were treated in Fujian provincial cancer hospital. Among these pa-tients, 43 were single site metastasis and 3 were multiple sites metastases;The site of metastasis were 19 pa-tients in the liver, 11 in the bone, 7 in the lung, 1 in the brain, 6 in mediastinal nodes and 6 in axillary lymph nodes. All patients received standard radiotherapy to the primary site and cervical node region with a median dose of 72 Gy. Forty-one patients (89%) received 1-5 cycles chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-flu-orouracil), and 23 (50%) received palliative irradiation to the metastatic site. Results The median surviv-al time was 20 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 66%, 47%, 30% and 19%, respectively. Irradiation to the metastatic sites and KPS were the significant prognostic factors. Pa-tients with palliative irradiation to the metastatic site had longer survival than those without (39 months vs. 13 months, X2=8.63, P=0.012). Patients with good performance status (KPS≥80) had better outcomes thanthose with poor performance status (26 months vs. 12 months, X2= 3.95, P=0.035) . Conclusions Active therapy may prolong the survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic NPC, especially for those who have good performance status. Under systematic chemotherapy, radiotherapy to the primary site and supportive care, the palliative irradiation to the metastatic site may also yield a good result.     

儿童鼻咽癌50例预后分析

目的 分析儿童鼻咽癌的疗效及预后因素。方法 回顾性分析50例经病理组织学确诊,年龄10-18岁的鼻咽癌患者资料。鼻咽部放疗采用60Co或60MV光子线常规分割照射,照射剂量为54.4-74 Gy,平均剂量（67.8±4.0） Gy;颈部采取切线野照射至45-50Gy后,转移淋巴结补充剂量至56-66 Gy。其中37例患者接受不同方式的化疗。结果 全组1、3、5年生存率分别为85.4%、69.7%及67.4%。单因素分析结果显示N分期（P=0.038）、临床分期（P=0.035）及是否化疗（P=0.043）对预后有影响。多因素分析仅N分期影响预后。结论 N分期是影响儿童鼻咽癌的重要预后因素,N2以上患者建议选择放疗加化疗的综合治疗。     

立体定向放射外科治疗脑转移瘤预后因素分析

目的 评价立体定向放射外科（SRS）治疗脑转移瘤的效果及预后因素。方法回顾性分析1994-2002年在巴黎Tenon医院放疗科行SRS（X线刀）治疗的脑转移患者102例，包括单发者78例，多发者24例，102例患者共有转移灶131个，转移灶最大直径≤4cm。其中18位患者同时接受全脑放疗（WBRT），93例患者120个转移灶有影像学随访。计算患者的生存期及局控率，并对潜在预后因素分别进行单因素和多因素分析。结果总体局控率和1年局控率分别为91．7％和85.3％，102例患者的中位牛俘期为11个月。单因素分析表明只有转移灶体积是影响局控率的预后因素；KPS〉70、年龄≤60、无颅外其他器官转移以及SRS前行全脑照射是影响生存期的预后因素。多因素分析表明仅KPS评分为生存独立预后因素，结论SRS是脑转移的有效治疗方式，多种因素影响其预后。