下一代诊断病理学

随着人类基因组测序、生物大数据信息分析、分子病理检测和人工智能辅助病理诊断等技术进步及其应用, 临床医学发展迈向精准诊疗时代。这一时代背景下, 传统诊断病理学迎来前所未有的历史机遇, 正在向"下一代诊断病理学(next-generation diagnostic pathology)"迈进。下一代诊断病理学以病理形态和临床信息为诊断基础, 以分子检测与生物信息分析、智慧制样与流程质控、智能诊断与远程会诊、病灶活体可视化与"无创"病理诊断等创新前沿交叉技术为主要特征, 以多组学和跨尺度整合诊断为病理报告内容, 实现对疾病的"最后诊断", 并预测疾病演进和结局、建议治疗方案和评估治疗反应, 形成新的疾病诊断"金标准"。未来, 需要激发病理学科创新活力, 加快下一代诊断病理学成熟和应用, 重塑病理学科理论和技术体系, 发挥诊断病理学在疾病"防、诊、治、养"等过程中的重要作用, 促进临床医学进一步发展, 服务健康中国战略。     

护理员认知障碍照护核心技能指标体系的构建

目的 构建护理员认知障碍照护相关的核心技能指标体系。方法 基于“以人为中心”的认知障碍照护理论，拟定护理员认知障碍照护需具备的相关技能指标初稿，选择15名专家进行2轮德尔菲专家函询。结果 专家权威系数为0.870,肯德尔和谐系数为0.318(P<0.01)。护理员认知障碍照护核心技能指标体系包括5个一级指标，分别为沟通与建立良好关系、环境利用与保障安全、日常生活能力支持、参与计划与促进有益活动、精神行为症状的管理，共21个二级指标。结论 护理员认知障碍照护核心技能指标体系体现了以人为中心的照护理念，可作为护理员认知障碍照护能力评价及培训的参考。     

Phacoemulsification,Intraocular Lens Implantation,Goniosynechialysis, and Pseudo-Pupilloplasty for Refractory Acute Primary Angle Closure with Atonic Dilated Pupil

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of prompt phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, visco-goniosynechialysis, combined with pseudo-pupilloplasty for refractory acute primary angle closure (APAC) with atonic dilated pupil and to describe a feasible method of pupilloplasty.MethodsA consecutive series of refractory APAC patients who had atonic dilated pupil and undergone prompt phacoemulsification combined with pseudo-pupilloplasty at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Pseudo-pupilloplasty referred to a method of pupilloplasty which included 4.5-mm capsulorhexis, postoperative opacification of anterior capsule residue, and ultimate pseudo-pupil formation. Preoperative and postoperative measurements included intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented. The process of pseudo-pupil formation was also observed.ResultsA total of 20 eyes of 19 APAC patients were followed up for 19.7 ± 9.8 months. IOP was lowered from preoperative 44.0 ± 9.8 mmHg to 15.5 ± 2.6 mmHg at final visit (t = 11.945, P < 0.001). ACD was deepened from preoperative 1.77 ± 0.21 mm to 3.40 ± 0.20 mm at final visit (t = –27.711, P < 0.001). Twelve of 20 eyes had residual angle synechiae, whereas only 3 eyes needed anti-glaucoma medications. No severe complication was observed. All eyes had pseudo-pupil gradually formed within 3 months, accompanied with the gradual improvement of BCVA from preoperative 1.18 ± 0.55 to 0.58 ± 0.22, 0.26 ± 0.09, 0.11 ± 0.09, and 0.11 ± 0.09 at postoperative day 1, month 1, month 3, and last visit.ConclusionsPrompt phacoemulsification-goniosynechialysis is effective and safe for refractory APAC with atonic dilated pupil. Pseudo-pupilloplasty is a feasible procedure for pupil reconstruction.     

A Case of Refractory Childhood Glaucoma Secondary to Weill-Marchesani Syndrome: Management with Combined CO2 Laser-Assisted Sclerectomy Surgery and Trabeculectomy

A 2-year-old girl was diagnosed as Weill-Marchesani syndrome with typical systemic features of short stature, short and stubby hands and feet, language disorders and mental retardation. He developed bilateral angle closure glaucoma, ectopia lentis and suffered visual loss from the ocular features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome. The child was successfully treated by combined CO₂ laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery and trabeculectomy.     

中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

超声引导下针刺足三里穴对胃窦收缩功能的影响：随机对照研究＊

目的 观察超声引导下针刺足三里穴得气与不得气对胃窦收缩功能的影响。方法 将符合纳入标准的72例健康受试者，按照1∶1随机分配到观察组和对照组，每组36例。在超声引导下针刺受试者右侧足三里穴，观察组针刺深度到达小腿骨间膜处，施以提插捻转手法使之得气，对照组针刺深度到达浅筋膜处，不运针，不要求得气，应用受试者针感临床评价量表、胃脘部热红外成像与胃窦运动超声数据进行评估，比较两组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率的变化。结果 观察组完成35例，脱落1例；对照组完成34例，脱落2例。两组间比较，受试者针感临床评价量表评分、胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数在针刺得气后差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；观察组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数比较差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05），以胃窦收缩频率增加、运动幅度增大及运动指数增加为主要表现；对照组针刺前后胃窦收缩频率、胃窦运动幅度与胃窦运动指数比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；观察组与对照组针刺前后胃脘部皮肤温度变化差异无统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 针刺足三里穴得气可一定程度改变胃窦运动功能，超声成像技术能有效引导针刺操作并实时观察记录胃窦运动变化，安全高效，值得临床推广与应用。     

eCASH理念结合早期活动在ICU机械通气患者的应用研究

目的探讨eCASH理念结合早期活动在ICU机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法将96例ICU机械通气患者按入院时间分为对照组和观察组各48例,对照组给予常规镇痛镇静及护理,观察组实施基于eCASH理念的舒适化浅镇静管理结合早期活动。结果观察组谵妄发生率和ICU获得性衰弱发生率显著低于对照组,MRC肌力评分显著高于对照组,机械通气时间和ICU住院天数显著短于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 eCASH理念结合早期活动应用于ICU机械通气患者,可降低患者谵妄和ICU获得性衰弱,缩短机械通气和ICU入住时间,促进患者康复。