肾嗜酸性细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT和MR对肾嗜酸性细胞瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值.方法 回顾性分析12例肾嗜酸性细胞瘤的CT和(或)MRI表现.结果 CT检查12例,平扫8例病灶呈均匀软组织密度影,3例呈不均匀软组织密度影,1例瘤体周边有环状钙化.增强扫描后病灶呈轻中度强化,6例见星状瘢痕.MRI检查3例,2例T1WI呈等低信号、T2W...     

16层螺旋CT中腰椎间盘轴位扫描与容积扫描的对比研究

目的：对比分析16层螺旋CT中腰椎间盘轴位扫描与容积扫描后通过工作站多平面重组（MPR）的优劣。方法：随机抽取16层螺旋CT中的腰椎间盘轴位扫描与容积扫描后经MPR完成的受检者各50例,将其分为A、B两组。分别从图像的质量、辐射剂量、扫描时间三方面,对两种扫描方法做出对比分析。结果：除外脊柱侧弯、腰骶角大于机架最大倾角等因素,两种方法所获腰椎间盘图像,均完全满足腰椎间盘病变的诊断要求,图像质量无明显差异;辐射剂量就同样个数的腰椎间盘来讲,轴位扫描法明显少于容积扫描法,其剂量不到容积扫描法的1/2;完成整个扫描过程所用时间,两种扫描方法无明显差异。结论：对椎间盘的CT检查,最好采用轴位扫描法,以减少病人所受的辐射剂量。     

腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号区的影像学分析

目的分析腰椎间盘局限性高信号区（HIZ）的影像学特征,为临床诊断和相关研究提供参考。方法回顾分析138例伴有HIZ的腰椎MRI资料。对11例16个伴有HIZ的腰椎间盘行CT椎间盘造影（CTD）。立体定位HIZ并对照分析CTD与MR图像。结果腰椎间盘HIZ在MR矢状位图像呈点状（14.36%）,圆形（58.01%）,长椭圆形（17.13%）或逗点状（10.50%）,其中圆形最常见。轴位像为线样或梭形,与CTD显示的环状破裂一致。本组HIZ均位于腰椎纤维环外缘。73个椎间盘的HIZ与椎间盘内破裂征象同时出现,1个椎间盘HIZ位于突出物下方。51个腰椎间盘矢状位图像的2个或3个相邻层面同一位置出现HIZ。CTD Dallas Ⅲ级者疼痛诱发试验多为阴性（6/7）,IV级者多为阳性（8/9）。结论腰椎间盘HIZ代表椎间盘纤维环中与放射状破裂相连的环状裂隙,临床多见于椎间盘突出前的椎间盘内破裂。矢状位连续多层面HIZ提示裂隙较长,复制性疼痛发生几率高。     

腰椎间盘局限性高信号区(HIZ)的发生与分布规律

[目的]探讨腰椎间盘局限性高信号区（HIZ）的发生与分布规律。[方法]回顾性分析1000例腰椎MRI资料。对HIZ进行立体定位并分析其发生与分布规律。采用SPSS 11．0对所得数据进行统计学分析。[结果]本组HIZ发生率46．7％（前缘21．5％，后缘31．7％），共650个。其中，左侧238个（36．7％），右侧220个（33．8％），无明显侧别差异（x^2=1．0922，P〉0．05）。下缘446个（68．6％），明显多于中部及上缘。HIZ好发节段为L3.4～L5S1，可单发或多节段同时发生。其中，前缘HIZ多见于L2.3和L3.4椎间盘，后缘HIZ好发于L4.5和L5S1水平。[结论]腰椎间盘HIZ发生率较高。常见于椎间盘后缘、下缘和下腰椎。可单节段发生，亦可同时发生于多个节段。     

肾盂积水的病因分析及CT诊断

肾盂积水的病因多而复杂，以往的报道多为单侧输尿管梗阻或某一种疾病的分析与诊断[1～5]，而单侧和双侧输尿管梗阻多种病因的综合性分析和CT诊断的报道较少。本文回顾性分析8年来经手术、病理、临床证实的104初单、双侧输尿管梗阻的病因、CT表现和鉴别诊断。材料与方法1、临床资料：共104例，男59例、女45例。单侧梗阻85例、双侧19例。年龄32天～80岁，病史3天至15年。腔内梗阻28例，结石或合并炎症22例、输尿管肿瘤5例、血凝块1例。腔外压迫16例，直肠、子宫癌术”后复发3例、前列腺增生6例、腹膜后淋巴瘤、神经鞘瘤、胰尾癌、肾盂旁肾…     

颅神经血管压迫症的MR血管断层表现与微血管减压术疗效的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of the operation effects of the miorovascular decompression(MVD) and the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography(MRTA) in patients of neurovascular compression of the cranial nerves.Methods Two hundred and twenty three patients treated with the microvascular decompression were analyzed retrospectively.They were grouped and graded according to the vessel compression on the cranial nerves.The compression were grouped as none, moderate and severe, and the operation effects were graded as Ⅰ ( complete relief), Ⅱ ( partial relief) and Ⅲ ( no relief).The operation effects grades were correlated according to the compression groups by Kruskal-Wallis test and the operation effects between each two of the groups were compared using Nemenyi test.P < 0.05 was defined as statistic significant.Results Of the 53 cases of non-compression group, 31 cases were graded as Ⅰ , 13 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 9 cases were graded as Ⅲ, according to the operation-effects of the decompression.Of the 110 cases of moderate group,95 cases were grade as Ⅰ , 11 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 4 cases were graded as Ⅲ.Of the 60 cases of severe group, 48 cases were graded as Ⅰ, 7 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 5 cases were graded as Ⅲ.There were statistic significance among the three groups,where χ2= 16.84 and P <0.05.The mean rank of the non-compression, the moderate and the severe group was 134.21,102.37 and 110.4 ,respectively.The difference of the mean ranks between the non-compression group and the moderate group was 31.84, and between the non-compression and the severe group was 24.17, respectively, where P < 0.05 both.Conclusions There was close relationship between the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography and the operation effects of the MVD.The operation effects of patients with moderate and severe vessel compression were much better than the non-compression group.MRTA is helpful for MVD surgical indication and its prognosis.     

颅神经血管压迫症的MR血管断层表现与微血管减压术疗效的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of the operation effects of the miorovascular decompression(MVD) and the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography(MRTA) in patients of neurovascular compression of the cranial nerves.Methods Two hundred and twenty three patients treated with the microvascular decompression were analyzed retrospectively.They were grouped and graded according to the vessel compression on the cranial nerves.The compression were grouped as none, moderate and severe, and the operation effects were graded as Ⅰ ( complete relief), Ⅱ ( partial relief) and Ⅲ ( no relief).The operation effects grades were correlated according to the compression groups by Kruskal-Wallis test and the operation effects between each two of the groups were compared using Nemenyi test.P < 0.05 was defined as statistic significant.Results Of the 53 cases of non-compression group, 31 cases were graded as Ⅰ , 13 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 9 cases were graded as Ⅲ, according to the operation-effects of the decompression.Of the 110 cases of moderate group,95 cases were grade as Ⅰ , 11 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 4 cases were graded as Ⅲ.Of the 60 cases of severe group, 48 cases were graded as Ⅰ, 7 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 5 cases were graded as Ⅲ.There were statistic significance among the three groups,where χ2= 16.84 and P <0.05.The mean rank of the non-compression, the moderate and the severe group was 134.21,102.37 and 110.4 ,respectively.The difference of the mean ranks between the non-compression group and the moderate group was 31.84, and between the non-compression and the severe group was 24.17, respectively, where P < 0.05 both.Conclusions There was close relationship between the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography and the operation effects of the MVD.The operation effects of patients with moderate and severe vessel compression were much better than the non-compression group.MRTA is helpful for MVD surgical indication and its prognosis.     

螺旋CT后处理技术对眶壁骨折法医学鉴定的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT后处理技术在眼眶骨折法医学鉴定中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析150例眼眶骨折的64层螺旋CT薄层高分辨率轴位图像与后处理图像,对图像进行诊断及分类。结果眶上壁骨折13处,下壁骨折66处,内侧壁骨折142处,外侧壁骨折9处,经CT轴位图像检查明确诊断157处,经图像后处理技术检查明确诊断230处。结论 64层螺旋CT薄层扫描及后处理技术可以准确诊断眼眶骨折,在法医学鉴定中具有重要的应用价值。     

十二指肠腺瘤的影像诊断与评价

目的评价CT和低张十二指肠造影(HD)诊断和鉴别诊断十二指肠腺瘤的价值。资料与方法回顾分析6例十二指肠腺瘤的CT和HD表现,对照手术病理所见,对CT、HD在显示病变、定性诊断与鉴别诊断的作用进行评价。结果HD表现为充盈缺损,其中5例边缘光滑,1例边缘欠光滑,3例呈椭圆形与肠道纵轴平行,2例轻度分叶,1例显示蒂部,2例肿瘤可移动,周围黏膜正常,管壁柔软。主要CT征象为腔内肿块,密度均匀,边缘光滑,轻～中度均匀强化。2例壶腹区腺瘤显示胆系轻～中度扩张。结论CT可显示腔内病变及腔外改变。HD观察腔内异常,尤其显示带蒂腺瘤蒂部及位置改变优于CT,且具有诊断特征。二者结合有助于提高诊断正确性。     

心脏-心包肿块的CT表现

作者报导了CT动态扫描诊断14例心脏充盈缺损的病例。5例心内血栓均附着于左心壁上,与肿瘤蒂位于心腔内不同。大小在1.5～7.0cm,病灶为低密度区,约30HU,无增强,可与正常心肌清楚分界,左心尖附近的血栓CT易发现并且诊断更可靠。3例心内粘液瘤中2例CT值为—80HU,另1例为30～40HU,密度可匀或不均,大小2—4cm。肿块与二尖瓣或三尖瓣及房间隔的密切关系有利于粘液瘤的诊断。3例棘球囊肿,2例单发,1例多发,均较大,直径5～11cm,密度低,