Effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes：retrospective epidemic analysis during 2000-2001

Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in Mainland China during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: ( 1 ) During 2000-2001, there were 3 365 extremely severe RTCs with 13 666 deaths, 12 204 injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. ( 2 ) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.     

猫部分背根切断后背根节一氧化氮合酶的表达变化

目的 了解一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在背根损伤的背根节及邻近未受损之背根节中表达的变化。方法 采用部分去背根传入动物模型,通过免疫组织化学ABC法,观察猫背根节中nNOS及eNOS同工酶阳性免疫产物的分布、阳性神经元的数量及变化。结果 猫背根节中nNOS阳性反应物主要分布于小神经元中;背根被切断的L。背根节及邻近完好的L。备用背根节中nNOS阳性小神经元数量较非术侧均有增加;eNOS在成年猫背根节神经元中未见表达。结论 在背根节神经元中表达的nNOS及由nNOS催化产生的NO可能与神经损伤和修复的生理病理过程有关。     

生长相关蛋白GAP-43的研究现状

在分子水平 ,神经发育和再生时轴突的生长与一组生长相关蛋白 (ＧｒｏｗｔｈＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ ,ＧＡＰｓ)的表达有关 ,这些ＧＡＰｓ被认为在神经生长阶段起着特殊作用[1] 。根据其表达与轴突生长的关系可将ＧＡＰｓ分为两类 :一类与远向延伸的轴突本身有关     

CRH对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

目的 研究促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（eortieotropin-releasing hormone，CRH）对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。方法 灌洗提取大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，加CRH培养1、2、4、8、16小时后加鸡红细胞，根据巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞指数和吞噬率，评定CRH对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果 实验组各时相组吞噬率及吞噬指数与对照组比较均明显增高（P〈O．05），实验组各时间组之间比较，2小时组有一个吞噬高峰，吞噬率及吞噬指数均为最高数值。结论 CRH能明显提高大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

Changes in blood alcohol concentration and driving ability after alcohol intake

Intheindustrializedsociety ,trafficcrashhasbeenoneofthemaincausesofdeathsandinjuriesandthemor talityoftrafficcrashhasbeenrisingespeciallyinmanyde velopingcountriessuchasChinasince 1980s[1-3 ] .Itisre portedthatover 2 0 %ofthetrafficcrashesarealcohol re latedeveninsomeEuropeancountries[4] .Thus,itisim perativetolegislateagainstintoxicateddrivingwiththeaimofreducingalcohol relatedtrafficcrashes .Somepartsofourcountryhaveformulatedmethodstodistinguishintoxi cateddriving ,butthenationalstandardha…