PI-88抑制人食管癌TE-13细胞Matrigel裸鼠移植瘤血管新生及其机制

目的:探讨通过Matrigel与肿瘤细胞混合接种的方法构建裸鼠人食管癌Matrigel移植瘤模型的可能性,进一步研究抗肿瘤制剂PI-88对于人食管癌Matrigel移植瘤生长及血管新生的影响。方法:将食管鳞癌细胞株TE-13悬液与Matrigel胶混合,接种8只裸鼠,构建人食管癌TE-13细胞Matrigel裸鼠移植瘤模型,将其随机分为PI-88治疗组和对照组。治疗组按照20 mg/kg剂量皮下注射PI-88,1次/d(PI-88配成1 mg/ml溶液);对照组按照20 ml/kg注射生理盐水,1次/d,均连续给药2周。第2、6、10、14天记录裸鼠肿瘤体积,第15天进行增强CT扫描观察肿瘤区域显影情况。免疫组化染色观察肿瘤组织中乙酰肝素酶(heparanase,HPSE)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达。结果:8只裸鼠均在接种当天形成移植瘤,成功构建TE-13细胞Matrigel裸鼠移植瘤模型。PI-88治疗第14天时,治疗组肿瘤体积明显小于对照组[(70.25±6.85)vs(143.13±17.18)mm3,P<0.05]。治疗第15天时,治疗组肿瘤区域CT值明显低于对照组(15.18±0.91vs 19.23±2.03,P<0.05)。治疗组肿瘤组织内HPSE与VEGF表达阳性细胞数显著低于对照组[HPSE:(28.70±6.39)vs(87.55±22.03)个,t=11.472,P<0.01;VEGF:(47.10±8.18)vs(94.40±14.47)个,t=12.727,P<0.01]。结论:Matrigel胶混合食管癌细胞接种裸鼠制备移植瘤方法可行,PI-88能够抑制人食管癌TE-13细胞Matrigel裸鼠移植瘤生长及血管新生,其作用机制可能与PI-88抑制移植瘤组织中HPSE和VEGF表达有关。     

薄层CT和动态观察对肺部磨玻璃结节的诊断价值

肺部磨玻璃结节（nodular ground-glass opacities,GGOs）在CT的肺窗上表现为淡薄的云雾状密度增高影,其内部可见肺血管影而得名。因为病灶的CT值为负值所以纵隔窗常无法显示。如果病灶内部无实性成分称为纯磨玻璃样结节（PureGGO,PGGO）,内部如果含有部分实性成分呈软组织密度,结节称为混杂磨玻璃样结节（mixed GGO,     

89例瞬态声诱发耳声发射筛查未通过婴幼儿听力学特点分析

目的 探讨听力筛查未通过而短声(click)诱发听性脑干反应阈值正常婴幼儿的听力学特点,进一步分析畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)不同频率异常与其他客观听力检查异常之间的关系.方法 瞬态声诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)听力筛查未通过而接受包括DPOAE、短声ABR、40 Hz听觉相关电位、226 Hz声导抗、1000 Hz声导抗和声反射等诊断性听力学检查的患儿共695例,以其中诊断性短声诱发ABR阈值正常的新生儿及婴幼儿89例(123耳)作为研究对象,根据DPOAE频率异常的不同分为A组(全频正常)、B组(低频异常)、C组(高频异常)和D组(全频异常).对比各项听力检查结果,分析DPOAE频率异常各组与其他5项客观听力检查(ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期、40 Hz听觉相关电位、226 Hz鼓室声导抗、1000 Hz鼓室声导抗及声反射)之间的相互关系.结果 123耳中所有6项听力检查均正常者7耳(5.7%);6项听力检查中有一项或一项以上异常者116耳(94.3%).男婴的异常率为93.9%(77/82),女婴的异常率为95.1%(39/41),二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);左耳异常率为93.1%(54/58),右耳异常率为95.4%(62/65),二者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组耳数所占比例由高到低分别是D组48.0%(59/123)、B组27.6%(34/123)、A组16.3%(20/123)和C组8.2%(10/123).A组、B组和D组中异常率最高的检查项目均为声反射,异常率分别为40.0%,55.9%和66.1%;而C组中异常率最高的项目为ABR Ⅰ波潜伏期(50.0%).各组低频听力损失均以轻度为主,在B组中有1耳为中度听力损失,D组中有6耳为中度听力损失,1耳为重度听力损失.结论 听力筛查未通过而短声ABR反应阈值正常的婴幼儿,如果DPOAE全频异常,需要及时进行全面的听力学评估,而DPOAE全频正常、低频异常或高频异常者,需要进行跟踪随访.

Abstract：

Objective The presnt study was to evaluate the audiological characteristics of infants with normal auditory brainstem response thresholds in click and abnormal transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions. Relationships between test results of distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) and other hearing testing methods were also evaluated. Methods The participants consisted of eighty-nine infants,with a total of 123 ears. All participants' TEOAE screening results were abnormal but diagnostic click ABR results were normal. The participants were classified into the following goups based on the test results from distortion product otoacoustic emissions: group A (normal all-frequency ), group B (abnormal lowfrequency), group C (abnormal high-frequency ), and group D (abnormal all-frequency ). Results Obtained from these groups were compared to results of other hearing tests including the latency of ABR wave Ⅰ, 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), 226 Hz and 1000 Hz tympanometry, and acoustic reflex. Results In six hearing tests in the 123 ears, seven ears (5.7%) were normal, while 116ears (94. 3% ) were abnormal. No significantly differences were detected between boys (93.9%) and girls (95. 1% ), as well as between left (93. 1% ) and right ears (95.4%). The proportion of abnormal test results ranked as follows: 59 ears in group D (48.0%), 34 ears in group B (27.6%), 20 ears in group A (16. 3% ), and 10 ears in group C (8.2%). The highest abnormal rates in groups A, B and D were acoustic reflex, which were 40. 0% for group A, 55.9% for group B and 66. 1% for group D respectively.The highest abnormal rate in group C was the latency of ABR wave Ⅰ ( 50. 0% ). Distribution of lowfrequency hearing loss in each group was mainly mild. However, one ear in group B was moderate hearing loss, six ears in group D were moderate hearing loss, and one ear in group D was severe hearing loss.Conclusions The present study showed that, of which infants with normal thresholds of ABR failed the hearing screening, comprehensively audiology assessment is needed. And of which infants with normal DPOAE in full frequency or abnormal in high frequency region or low frequency region need to be followed up.     

不同剂量6%HES 130/0.4容量治疗对失血性休克大鼠肺损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of volume therapy with different doses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6% HES 130/0.4) on lung injury in a rat model of hemonhagic shock.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II Ringer's solution (group RS); group HI and IV 2 HES groups (group H1, H2 ). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% sodium pentobarbital 45 ing/kg. Right common carotid artery (CCA) and left femoral vein were cannulated for blood letting, MAP monitoring, fluid administration and blood sampling. Hemonhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from right CCA in group II , III and IV . MAP was reduced to 35-45 mmHg which was maintained for 90 min. In group RS, hemorrhagic shock was resuscitated with Ringer's solution 3 times of the volume of blood withdrawn, while group H1 and H2 received HES 33 and 50 ml/kg respectively and Ringer' s solution (the total volume was equal to 3 times of the volume of blood removed) . Arterial blood samples were taken before blood letting (T0 , baseline), and at 2, 3 h after volume therapy (T1,2) for blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 was calculated. The animals were then sacrificed by exsanguination and the lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fuid (BALF), W/D lung weight ratio and TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-10 contents in the lung.Results TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 content in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly higher in group RS, H1 and H2, while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly lower at T,2 in group RS and at T2 in group H2 than in group S (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β contents in the lung, protein concentration in BALF and W/D ratio were significantly lower in group H1 and H2 , while PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher at T,i2 in group H1 and at T1 in group H2 than in group RS (P <0.05) . PaO2/FiO2 at T2 and IL-10 content in the lung were significantly lower in group H2 than in group H, ( P < 0.05) . The lung damage was significantly ameliorated in group H1 and H2 especially in group H, as compared with group RS. Conclusion Volume therapy with 6% HES 130/0.4 33 or 50 ml/kg can attenuate lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and the efficacy of 33 ml/kg is better.     

DCE-MRI在兔肝VX2肿瘤RFA后残癌与炎症反应带早期鉴别诊断中的应用

目的观察磁共振动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)在兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融(RFA)后残癌与炎症反应带早期鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法成功建立兔肝VX2肿瘤模型28只,并对其进行RAF治疗。RFA治疗后第1、3、7、14天行DCE-MRI检查,划定63个兴趣区,绘制所有兴趣区的时间—信号强度曲线(ST-T曲线)。然后处死兔,取兴趣区肝组织行病理检查,结果 63个兴趣区中残癌27个,炎症反应带36个。分别取8个残癌区域(观察组)和8个炎症反应带(对照组),比较ST-T曲线类型及峰值时间(Tmax)、信号强化程度(SIm%)和强化率(R)。结果观察组ST-T曲线为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型者分别为1、2、5例,对照组分别为4、3、1例,观察组ST-T曲线以Ⅲ型为主,对照组Ⅲ型少见。观察组Tmax为32.8±8.81、SIm%为1.15%±0.12%、R为5.31±1.93,对照组分别为135.0±30.99、1.29%±0.14%、1.43±0.69,两组Tmax、R相比P<0.05,SIm%相比P>0.05。结论 DCE-MRI有助于兔肝VX2肿瘤RFA后残癌及炎症反应带的早期鉴别诊断。     

MR弥散加权成像在兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融后残癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨MR弥散加权成像在兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融后残癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 制备兔肝VX2肿瘤模型,在进行射频不完全消融治疗后1、3、7、14 d行MR弥散加权成像检查,然后处死模型兔,取肝组织行病理检查.比较检查结果.结果 1周内各b值时炎症反应带、残癌ADC值相比P均＞0.05.术后第2周时b=200 s/mm2时正常肝组织、炎症反应带及残癌ADC值分别为(2.34±0.36)、(2.14 ±0.33)、(1.86±0.24) ×10-3mm2/s,b=600 s/mm2时分别为(2.09±0.21)、(1.96±0.30)、(1.55±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s,b=1 000 s/mm2时分别为(1.99±0.17)、(1.78±0.15)、(1.43±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s,各b值下不同组织ADC值比较P均＜0.05.b=200s/mm2时SNR、CNR、SIR分别为254.3±52.2、35.1±10.1、2.1±0.5,b =600 s/mm2时分别为198.0±44.0、20.2±9.2、2.7±0.8,b=1 000 s/mm2时分别为151.7±24.2、9.6±3.4、3.3±1.0.综合考虑上述数据,b=600 s/mm2为最佳扩散敏感系数.b=600 s/mm2时取残癌ADC值的95％参考值范围上限1.71×10-3mm2/s为界值鉴别残癌与炎症反应,其敏感性为57％,特异性为88％.结论 MR弥散加权成像有助于兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融治疗后残癌的诊断.     

688例肝癌患者发病特点及诊疗状况分析

肝细胞癌（HCC）是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,年死亡率居恶性肿瘤第二位。国际癌症研究中心（IARC）估计2000年全球肝癌发病56．4万,肝癌死亡54．9万,其中中国肝癌发病30．6万,死亡30．0万。可见肝癌仍然是危害我国人民生命的主要癌症,围绕肝癌的主要病因开展预防研究是一个十分重要的课题。     

血清应答因子、平滑肌肌动蛋白在食管鳞癌中表达及意义

目的:探讨食管鳞癌组织中血清应答因子(SRF)、平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学显色法检测73例食管鳞癌、30例手术切缘食管黏膜组织中SRF、α-SMA的表达.结果:食管鳞癌组织中SRF、α-SMA的表达高于正常食管黏膜,与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润程度、淋巴结转移相关.结论...     

腹腔镜辅助D_2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症危险因素的Logistic分析

目的:分析腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法:收集2011年2月—2013年2月以腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗的进展期胃癌患者90例,通过Logistic回归模型分析术后发生并发症的相关危险因素。结果:90例患者均顺利完成手术,共发生Ⅱ级及其以上系统并发症21例次(23.3%),发生Ⅱ级及其以上局部并发症14例次(15.6%),Logistic分析发现,系统并发症的发生与年龄及伴随疾病的数量有关,局部并发症的发生与年龄、重建方式及是否行术前新辅助化疗有关。结论:腹腔镜辅助D2根治术是治疗进展期胃癌的手段之一,但应注意控制年龄、伴随疾病、重建方式、术前新辅助化疗等并发症危险因素,以保障手术安全及术后恢复。