易损斑块的检测方法现状

如何尽早发现动脉粥样硬化易损斑块一直是临床心脑血管病预防的重点和难点.早发现、早治疗可显著改善患者预后.本文对目前易损斑块的检测方法现状做一综述.     

人工瓣环成形术与其联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

Objective To analyze whether association of edge to edge valve repair to artificial ring annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods From April,2001 to May,2010,41 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair to treat severe TR were studied.Twenty-one patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty alone (group R) and twenty patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty associated with edge to edge valve repair ( group E).All the patients received echocardiography before surgery,before discharge and in mid and long-term follow-up.The ratio between TR jet area (TRA) and right atrial area (RAA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the seriousness of TR.Movement of tricuspid valve leaflets,tricuspid valve orifice area,pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP),left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) were obserbed to evaluate heart function.Results At discharge in group R,no or trivial TR was presented in 7 patients,mild TR in 12 patients and moderate TR in 2 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild and moderate TR.While in group E,no or trivial TR was presented in 13 patients and mild TR in 7 patients.The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 100 months[average (54.8 ±26.7) months].In group R,no or trivial TR was present in 5 patients,mild TR in 11 patients,moderate TR in 4 patients and severe in 1 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild to severe TR.Redo tricuspid valve repair was done in one patient in group R for recurrent severe TR and the edge-to-edge valve repair was utilized.In group E,no tricuspid stenosis was found.No or trivial TR was presented in 10 patients,mild TR in 9 patients and moderate TR in 1 patient.The ratio of TRA/RAA of group R was significantly higher than that of group E (0.25 ±0.16 vs.0.13±0.10,P < 0.01).Conclusion Association of edge-to-edge valve technique to artificial ring annuloplasty was safe and effective for treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation due to bad apposition of free edges of tricuspid leaflets and dilatation of tricuspid annulus,.It could decrease the incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation and prevent the recurrence of severe tricuspid regurgitation.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术病人神经体液因子的变化

目的 检测具有高危因素的行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）病人的相关神经体液因子，结合临床改变，寻找针对性的处理措施及依据，减少并发症。方法 48例病人分A组23例行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）；B组25例行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）。围术期分6个时间点测定血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ（AGⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）、心钠素（ANP）、胰岛素（INS）、血糖（SUG）和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）。结果 血浆AGⅡ水平，A组术后6h、B组术后3h达高峰。血浆ALl）水平，A组术后6h、B组在术后0h达高峰。血浆ANP水平，A组术后0h、B组术中已达高峰。血浆胰岛素水平，A组术后24h、B组术后6h达高峰，术后24hA组显著高于B组。血糖水平，A组术后3h、B组术后0h达高峰。血浆AGⅡ、ALD、ANP和血糖水平术中及以后各时点A组均显著高于B组。血浆cTnⅠ水平，术后3—24hA组显著高于B组。结论 CABG均可出现血糖升高的高渗性利尿和高醛固酮血症的利尿，CCABG组是二者同时升高出现强而持久的利尿，OPCAB组则以高渗性利尿为主，持续时间短。CABG，尤其CCABG应使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）、AGⅡ受体拈抗剂（ARB）和抗醛固酮制剂；术后6h内更应降血糖，补充钾、镁制剂。     

三房心的诊断及外科治疗

三房心的诊断及外科治疗苏丕雄柳克晔陈英淳三房心是一种临床上罕见的心脏畸形，因胚胎期肺静脉干未能与固有左心房融合，左心房被异常纤维肌肉隔膜分为与肺静脉相连的副房及与左心耳、二尖瓣口相连的主房［１］。我院从１９９１～１９９５年间共手术治疗８例，报告如下。...     

改良术式矫正Ebstein畸形

目的　报告改良术式改善重症Ebstein畸形隔、后瓣下移明显、前瓣发育差、功能右室小、手术矫正困难者的手术疗效。方法　 1997年 6月至 1999年 8月用改良术式对 8例Ebstein畸形施行了手术矫正 (改良组 )。并与采用Hardy、Carpentier等术式矫正及三尖瓣置换共 5 5例病人 (对照组 )的疗效进行了跟踪随访比较。结果　改良组无死亡 ,与对照组比较 ,术后心功能的恢复及三尖瓣反流的改善效果更好。结论　改良术式扩大了右心室形态及三尖瓣重建的手术适应证范围 ,使部分重症病人避免了瓣膜置换术的并发症。对隔、后瓣下移明显且前瓣发育不良的病人消除了术后三尖瓣反流并在保持左、右心室几何形态和功能方面效果显著     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌损伤的影响

探讨患者术前中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）后心肌损伤以及临床预后的影响。方法 选取2014年1月—2019年12月我院收治的314名行OPCABG的患者,依据患者术前NLR的三分位数分为高比值组（NLR＞2.8,n=102）、中比值组（2.8≥NLR≥1.6,n=106）以及低比值组（NLR＜1.6,n=106）。分别检测患者术前基线、术后8 h及术后24 h肌酸激酶同工酶（CKMB）及肌钙蛋白（CTnI）水平。结果 高比值组患者术后心肌损伤发生率显著高于中比值组及低比值组（P＜0.05）。高比值组术后CKMB峰值显著高于中比值组［2.1(1.2～13.0) ng/mL vs2.0(1.0～7.3) ng/mL, P=0.047］及低比值组［2.1(1.2～13.0) ng/mL vs1.1(0.9～1.6) ng/mL, P＜0.001］。且高比值组患者术后CTnI峰值同样显著高于中比值组［0.075(0.010～0.185) ng/mL vs 0.020(0.000～0.103) ng/mL, P=0.011］,以及低比值组［0.075(0.010～0.185) ng/mL vs0.010(0.000～0.030) ng/mL, P＜0.001］。术前NLR较高是术后患者CTnI升高的独立危险因素（OR：2.809; 95%CI:1.326～5.954; P=0.007）。高比值组患者1年不良心血管事件发生率显著高于中比值组及低比值组（HR：1.80; 95%CI:1.16～2.79; Log Rank P=0.021）。结论 患者术前中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值升高是非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌损伤的独立危险因素,而且会增加患者不良心血管事件     

风湿性心脏瓣膜病围术期电解质变化的研究

目的对心肌细胞内、外钾、镁离子进行研究,旨在掌握电解质与心肌保护的关系及其变化规律,调整电解质的平衡,减少心肌损伤和心律失常。方法选择２７例风湿性心脏病（ｒｈｅｕｍａｔｉｃｈｅａｒｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＲＨＤ）患者和８例先天性心脏病（ｃｏｎｇｅｎｉｔａｌｈｅａｒｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＣＨＤ）患者分为ＲＨＤ组和ＣＨＤ组,在围术期测定血液、心肌细胞内和尿中钾、镁离子的含量以及血浆醛固酮水平。结果ＲＨＤ组心肌钾、镁含量术前低于ＣＨＤ组,尿排钾、镁的高峰在术后２４小时内。醛固酮水平ＲＨＤ组中二尖瓣病变患者术前就高于正常,术后２４小时达高峰。结论维持围术期钾、镁离子的平衡,可明显减少心律失常和心肌损伤的发生;现行的术前补钾量和时间不足,在加强补钾的同时,应配合补充镁;术后２４小时内,也应补充钾和镁制剂     

44例Ebstein畸形的外科治疗

目的：观察各种Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形矫治手术的疗效以及手术前后左室功能的变化。方法：手术治疗４４例Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ病人,其中Ｈａｒｄｙ手术２８例,改良Ｄａｎｉｅｌｓｏｎ手术７例,Ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｉｅｒ手术２例,三尖瓣替换手术７例。对５例进行了压力－容积环测量,同时观察了左室室壁运动。     

坚忍链球菌致感染性心内膜炎1例

患者男,32岁,因高热2个月伴活动后发憋、气短,应用青霉素治疗无效而住我院.入院查体:T 38.5℃,Bp 125/62 mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率98次/min,主动脉瓣听诊区可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音.超声检查示:主动脉瓣赘生物形成,约1.4 cm×0.7 cm大小,主动脉瓣大量返流,LVEDD 6.5 cm,EF52％.