皮肌炎肌组织中浆细胞样树突状细胞的病理学特点

目的 研究皮肌炎肌组织中浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)的病理学特点,探讨其病理学意义.方法 收集30例皮肌炎及25例多发性肌炎(PM)患者的肌肉活体组织标本,全部行HE染色、免疫组织化学(抗CD303分子及抗CD68分子)染色.结果 肌活体组织检查病理示,30例皮肌炎中25例可见典型束周萎缩,伴肌束膜明显增宽,5例束周萎缩不典型,但于肌束周边可见小群坏死或再生纤维;14例可见束周凿空样纤维;17例可见肌束膜内血管周围炎,6例于肌内膜可见灶性炎症细胞浸润.免疫组织化学染色示,19例在肌束膜及血管周围可见较多巨噬细胞浸润;20例可见较多pDC浸润,其中,15例此细胞仅位于宽大肌束膜内血管周围的灶性炎细胞区域,3例仅位于肌内膜灶性炎症细胞区域,2例pDC在上述2个部位均存在.25例PM患者的主要病理改变为坏死、再生纤维及炎症细胞浸润,免疫组织化学染色在血管周围灶性炎症细胞区域未发现或偶见少量散在pDC的浸润.结论 在PM患者肌组织中未发现或偶见少量散在pDC的浸润,而在皮肌炎患者肌组织内可见显著pDC的浸润,且其主要在宽大肌束膜内的血管周围分布的特点提示可能与皮肌炎束周萎缩的形成有关.

Abstract：

Objective To study the histological features of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in muscle tissue affected by dermatomyositis (DM) and to discuss the pathological significations of pDC.Methods Muscle tissues from 30 cases of DM and 25 cases of polymyositis (PM) were collected.HE stain, immunohistochemistry studies were carried out in all muscle samples.Results Pathological features of DM included: perifascicular atrophy (25/30); punched-out fiber (14/30); perivasculitis (17/30),inflammatory infiltration in the endomysium(6/30).Using immunohistochemistry study, 19 cases from DM were infiltrated by macrophages which are CD68 positive and CD303 negative, 20 cases with DM were infiltrated by pDC which are CD303 positive.The location of pDC were: perivascular of interfascicular septae only (15/20); endomysium only (3/20) and both (2/20).Myopathic damage such as necrotic and regenerating fibers and inflammatory infiltration could be seen in PM.There was few pDC infiltration in PM.Conclusions There is few pDC in muscle tissue affected by PM and many pDC in muscle tissue affected by DM with infiltration mainly in the wide interfascicular septae.pDC may be connected to perifascicular atrophy and play a roll in the pathogenesis of DM.     

腺苷受体A3在特发性炎症性肌病中的表达

目的探讨腺苷受体A3(A3AR)在特发性炎症性肌病(IIMs)发病机制中的作用。方法收集IIMs患者骨骼肌活检组织标本30例,其中皮肌炎(DM)患者15例、多发性肌炎(PM)患者11例、包涵体肌炎(IBM)患者4例;正常对照标本12例。在冰冻切片上行组织化学染色和A3AR抗体免疫荧光染色。结果 A3AR抗体免疫荧光染色阳性见于骨骼肌2型肌纤维胞浆,1型肌纤维胞浆呈阴性;与正常对照比较,30例IIMs患者中22例2型肌纤维胞浆荧光增强。肌纤维膜荧光染色在正常对照呈阴性,而19例IIMs患者呈阳性。血管平滑肌和部分坏死肌纤维A3AR抗体免疫荧光染色呈强阳性。结论人骨骼肌2型肌纤维表达A3AR;特发性炎症性肌病患者A3AR表达增加,可能对肌纤维的修复和凋亡起双向调节作用。     

面肩肱型肌营养不良患者肌组织血管炎性改变的病理特点

目的 研究面肩肱型肌营养不良(FSHD)肌组织的血管炎性病理改变特点,探讨血管因素在FSHD发病机制中的作用.方法 回顾性分析26例FSHD患者的临床及肌肉病理学资料,按有尤炎性细胞浸润分为非炎性浸润组和炎性浸润组,并据浸润的部位不同将后者分为肌内膜炎、血管周围炎及跨壁血管炎3个亚组.对炎性浸润组行抗CD3、抗CD4、抗CD8、抗CD20及抗血管平滑肌肌动蛋白免疫组织化学染色.收集20例炎症性肌病患者(多发性肌炎、皮肌炎各10例)肌活体组织检查组织作为对照组,行抗CD4、抗CD8、抗CD20免疫组织化学染色.结果 26例FSHD患者发病年龄为(25.2±12.6)岁,病程(7.8±7.3)年.男女之比为1.6∶1,其中5例患者有家族史.所有的患者均表现为面肌、肩胛带肌及上肢肌群的进行性无力和萎缩,18例患者骨盆带肌和(或)下肢远端受累,24例两侧不对称受累.主要病理学特点为:17例(65.4%)可见灶性炎性细胞浸润,其中4例炎细胞仅位于肌内膜,7例为血管周嗣炎,6例血管壁内可见炎细胞浸润,为跨壁的血管炎.免疫组织化学染色证实浸润的炎细胞主要为CD4+T淋巴细胞及CD+20 B淋巴细胞.炎性浸润组的肌组织内残存的肌纤维(48.0%±23.6%)较非炎性浸润者(94.3%±3.1%)明显减少(T=198.000,P=0.000),表明前者肌肉病理损害重于后者.对照组皮肌炎浸润的炎细胞类型与FSHD类似,而多发性肌炎以CD8+T淋巴细胞为主.结论 FSHD肌组织内可见显著的炎细胞浸润,表现为肌内膜炎、血管周围炎及跨壁血管炎.跨壁血管炎为血管壁受损,提示血管病理因素可能与本病的发病机制有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the pathological features of blood vessel inflammation in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ( FSHD ) and the role of vasculitis on the pathogenesis of FSHD. Methods The clinical manifestations and myopathological features of 26 FSHD patients were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. All of the patients were divided into 2 groups; inflammatory infiltration group and non-inflammatory infiltration group. The latter was further divided into 3 subgroups;endomysial inflammation subgroup, perivasculitis subgroup and transmural vasculitis subgroup.Immunohistochemical staining were carried out in inflammatory infiltration group with anti-CD3, anti-CD4,anti-CD8,anti-CD20 and anti-SMA antibody. The control group was composed of 10 dermatomyositis ( DM)cases and 10 polymyositis ( PM) cases. Results The age of onset was (25. 2 ± 12. 6) years old and the average course was (7. 8 ±7. 3) years. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.6: 1. Five of them had family history. The main clinical features were progressive weakness and atrophy of facial, shoulder girdles and proximal upper limbs muscles. The lower distal limbs and (or) lower distal limbs and pelvic girdle muscles were involved in 18 cases. The main pathological features were shown as followed. Seventeen of them had focal inflammatory cell infiltration, including endomysial inflammation (4/17) , perivasculitis (7/17) , and transmural vasculitis (6/17). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the major types of inflammatory cells were CD4* T lymphocytes and CD20B lymphocytes, which was familiar with DM. While in PM, CD8+ T lymphocytes were dominant The proportionality of residual muscle fibers obviously decreased in inflammatory infiltration group ( 48. 0% ± 23. 6% ) than non-inflammatory infiltration group ( 94. 3% ±3. 1% , T = 198. 000, P = 0. 000). As to CK levels, there were no significant deviation. Conclusions Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen in FSHD, the locations of inflammatory cells are endomyosium inflammation, perivasculitis and transmural vasculitis. Transmural vasculitis indicates vascular pathological factor may have something to do with pathogenesis of FSHD.