帕瑞昔布钠对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时肺内分流的影响

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气(OLV)时肺内分流的影响.方法 择期行食道癌根治术患者45例,年龄47～57岁,体重42～59kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组:生理盐水组(C组,n=23)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组,n=22).P组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(生理盐水稀释至10 ml),C组静脉注射等容量生理盐水.随后两组均靶控输注异丙酚(效应室靶浓度4μg/m1)和舒芬太尼(效应室靶浓度0.3 ng/ml)行麻醉诱导,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg,光纤支气管镜引导下插入双腔气管导管,行机械通气.于麻醉诱导开始后30 min(T0)、单肺通气15 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、1 h(T3)、恢复双肺通气30 min(T4)和1 h(T5)时测定CVP、HR、MAP和气道平均压(Pmean),同时采集颈内静脉和桡动脉血样,进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt).结果 与T0时比较,两组T1-3时Pmean 和Qs/Qt升高(P＜0.05);与T1时比较,两组T2.3.时Qs/Qt降低(P＜0.05);两组各时点Pmean、Qs/Qt、CVP、HR和MAP比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠40 mg对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时缺氧性肺血管收缩反应无影响.     

右美托咪定在逆行性胰胆管造影中的应用

目的 比较静脉输注右美托咪定和靶控输注丙泊酚在内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)中的作用.方法 30例ERCP患者随机分为两组:P组靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚,D组恒速输注右美托咪定.记录不同时点的Richmond躁动镇静量表(RASS)评分,监测生命体征,并统计术中体动发生率和舒芬太尼用量.结果 D组用药后15 min、ERCP期间RASS评分均明显高于P组(P<0.05);入恢复室即刻、入恢复室后15 min的RASS评分均明显低于P组(P<0.05);但D组ERCP术中体动发生率、舒芬太尼用量均高于P组,且MAP下降,HR减慢较P组明显(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪定用于ERCP的麻醉效果与丙泊酚不等同,且血流动力学更不稳定.     

舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制前列腺电切术老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟行TURP的患者22例,年龄65～79岁,体重47～81 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,异丙酚达到靶浓度后开始TCI舒芬太尼;采用序贯法,按照患者是否发生尿道镜置入反应确定舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度,初始效应室靶浓度为0.3 ng/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 舒芬太尼抑制尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.12～0.44 ng/ml.结论 复合TCI异丙酚(血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml)时,舒芬太尼抑制TURP老年患者尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.     

不同程度急性等容性血液稀释对家兔肺及全身氧代谢的影响

目的观察不同程度急性等容性血液稀释（ANH）对家兔肺及全身氧代谢的影响。方法将24只家兔随机分为4组，每组6只，其中正常对照组（Ⅰ组）不进行血液稀释，其余3组血液稀释的目标：红细胞比容（Hct）分别为24％（Ⅱ组）、18％（Ⅲ组）、12％（Ⅳ组），分别于ANH前（T0），ANH模型建立后2h（T1）、4h（T2）、8h（T3）检测家兔血中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及氧摄取率（ERO2）、呼吸力学指标，术毕测定肺组织湿／干比值（W／D）及病理改变。结果Ⅱ组各时点ERO2、MDA含量、SOD活性及呼吸力学改变与Ⅰ组相比差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；Ⅲ组T3时点的ERO2、MDA升高，SOD下降及呼吸力学改变与T0比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05），并与Ⅰ组对应时点比较有显著差别（P〈0．05）；Ⅳ组在T1时点ERO2、MDA升高，SOD下降及呼吸力学改变较T0差异有显著性（P〈0．05），且T2、T3呈增高趋势，同时3个时点与Ⅰ组对应时点比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论血液稀释目标Hct为24％时，家兔未出现肺损伤表现；目标Hct为18％时，在血液稀释后8h后出现急性肺损伤，出现呼吸力学及病理学改变；血液稀释至Hct为12％时肺损伤加重。Hct在18％～24％是家兔肺和全身氧供安全的血液稀释范围。     

鼻咽通气道在老年腹部手术患者麻醉恢复期的应用

目的 观察鼻咽通气道用于老年腹部手术患者,在麻醉恢复期维持上呼吸道通畅的有效性及可行性.方法 择期全麻患者120例,年龄65～75岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为鼻咽通气道(A组),口咽通气道(B组),手法托颌组(C组),每组40例.术毕拔除气管导管后,随即A组置入鼻咽通气道,B组置人口咽通气道,C组手法托颌,三组均用面罩吸氧(氧流量2 L/min).记录A、B组置入口/鼻通气道时间及一次置管成功率,观察三组拔除气管导管前(To)、拔管后/置入通气管(C组手法托颌)后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)的SpO2、PaCO2、HR、SBP、DBP,T3后即对三组进行舒适度VAS评分.结果 T2、T3时B、C组PaCO2、SBP明显高于、HR明显快于A组(P＜0.05),VAS评分A组明显高于B、C组(P＜0.05).结论 鼻咽通气道维持麻醉恢复期老年腹部手术患者的上呼吸道通畅效果较为理想,且患者耐受性佳.     

不同程度急性等容量血液稀释对家兔血清S-100B蛋白浓度和脑氧代谢的影响

目的 探讨常温下不同程度急性等容量血液稀释(ANH)对家兔血清S-100B蛋白浓度和脑氧代谢的影响.方法 健康成年家兔32只,体重2～2.5 kg,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(Ⅰ组)不行血液稀释;其余3组血液稀释的目标红细胞压积(Hot)分别为24%(Ⅱ组)、18%(Ⅲ组)、12%(Ⅳ组).麻醉下气管插管后行机械通气,维持体温37℃左右.左颈动脉和左颈内静脉穿刺并置管,用于监测血压、采血和血气分析.右颈内静脉穿刺并置管,用于监测中心静脉压.股动脉放血,同时Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组股静脉经30 min输注等量6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5行ANH至目标Hct.于动脉、静脉穿刺并置管稳定20 min(To)、ANH后2、4、8 h(T1～T3)时,记录血液动力学指标;分别采集左颈动脉和左颈内静脉血样各0.1 ml,行血气分析,计算脑氧摄取率(CERO2);颈动脉取血样,采用ELISA法测定血清S-100B蛋白浓度.ANH后8 h时处死动物,取右侧脑组织,称湿重和干重,计算脑含水量.结果 与T0时比较,Ⅲ组T3时、Ⅳ组T1～T3时CERO2和血清S-100B蛋白浓度升高(P<0.05);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组各时点CERO2和血清S-100B蛋白浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组T3时、Ⅳ组T1～T3时CERO2和血清S-100B蛋白浓度升高(P<0.05);与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组T1～T3时CERO2和血清S-100B蛋白浓度升高(P<0.05).各组问脑含水量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 常温下ANH目标Hct为24%时,对家兔脑氧代谢无影响;目标Hct≤18%时,发生脑氧代谢失衡和脑损伤.     

小剂量右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查麻醉的临床效果

目的 探讨小剂量右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查麻醉的可行性及安全性.方法 门诊结肠镜检查患者120例,对照组(C组)和不同剂量右美托咪啶(D1组、D2组、D3组),分别于麻醉诱导前25 min静脉注射右美托咪啶0.1μg/kg、0.2 μg/kg、0.3μg/kg,之后各组分别缓慢静脉注射丙泊酚至BIS值≤70时置镜,检查中维持BIS值50～70.结肠镜到达回盲部时停止注射丙泊酚.记录给药前(T0)、结肠镜检查开始前即刻(T1)、结肠镜到达回盲部时(T2)及结肠镜结束时(T3)的HR、MAP、SpO2,记录检查时间、苏醒时间(检查结束至睁眼能准确回答自己的姓名和年龄的时间),记录丙泊酚用量、循环及呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况.结果 C组与D1组两组间各时间点的HR、MAP、SpO2差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);T2时间点D2、D3组的MAP及SpO2明显高于C组及D1组(P＜0.05).C组与D1组两组间丙泊酚用量及苏醒时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与C组、D1组相比,D2组和D3组丙泊酚用量均明显减少(P＜0.05);D3组苏醒时间大于其他3组(P＜0.05).与C组、D1组相比,D2组和D3组呼吸抑制发生率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 静脉注射0.2 μg/kg右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查可产生良好的麻醉效应,并具有良好的安全性.     

不同程度急性等容量血液稀释对家兔血清S-100B蛋白浓度和脑氧代谢的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) with 6% HES 20010.5 on serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral oxygen metabolism at 37℃ in rabbits.Methods Thirty-two adult rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 8each) : Ⅰ control group underwent no ANH and Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ ANH group underwent ANH with hematocrit (Hct)reduced to 24%, 18% and 12% respectively. The animals were anesthetized with iv 20% urethane 5 ml/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml/kg, RR = 30 bpm). The body temperature was maintained at 37℃. Left carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for BP monitoring, blood gas analysis and blood sampling. Right jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring. Left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for hemodilution. Blood withdrawn from femoral artery was simultaneously replaced by iv infusion of equal volume of HES (200/0.5) until the target Hct was achieved. Hemodynamics parameters, were recorded and blood gases were analyzed and serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral O2 metabolic rate (CERO2) were determined before (baseline) and at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH. Brain water content was measured by wet/dry brain weight ratio. Results There were no significant differences in serum S-100B protein concentration, CERO2 and pH value between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (Hct 24%). Serum S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅰ (Her 18%). Serun S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅳ (Hct 12%). There was no significant difference in brain water content among the 4 groups. Conclusion ANH does not affect cerebral O2 metabolic when Hct is reduced to 24%. CERO2 can not be sustained and ischemic cerebral injury may occur when Hct is reduced to≤18%.     

不同程度血液稀释对家兔脑氧代谢的影响

目的 观察不同程度急性等容性血液稀释对常温下家兔脑氧代谢的影响.方法 32只成年家兔,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组,A、B、C三组的目标Hct分别为24%、18%、12%;D组为对照组,不行血液稀释.以20%乌拉坦行静脉麻醉后机械通气,并维持体温在37℃.监测血液稀释前后的动、静脉血气,并根据Fick's公式计算出脑氧代谢率(CERO2).结果 A组各时点CERO2与D组比较差异无统计学意义,B组CERO2在血液稀释后8 h较基础值增高,而C组CERO2在血液稀释后2、4、8 h均较基础值增高.结论 血液稀释目标Hct为24%时.对常温、有创条件下家兔脑氧代谢并无影响;日标Hct为18%时,在血液稀释后8 h可以出现CERO2增高,且血液pH值明显降低;血液稀释至Hct为12%时则不能满足脑氧代谢需求.