电缆绝缘护套中Cr(Ⅵ)的火焰原子吸收光谱测定法

目的建立电缆绝缘护套中Cr(Ⅵ)含量的火焰原子吸收光谱测定方法。方法采用干法灰化分解电缆绝缘护套样品,在稀硝酸介质中,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Cr(Ⅵ)含量。结果在0.001 9~8.00μg/ml的线性范围内,所得Cr(Ⅵ)的线性方程为A=0.114 3c+0.006 3,r=0.999 6。该方法的检出限为0.000 7μg/ml,定量下限为0.001 9μg/ml,平均回收率为97.8%~102.2%,RSD为3.35%~7.13%。结论该方法快速简便,精密度和准确度均较高,适于对电缆绝缘护套中Cr(Ⅵ)的测定。     

亲属活体供肾移植中供者肾功能的评估☆

背景：肾移植前正确有效地评价供者双侧肾脏功能,对于亲属活体肾移植供者及受者的安全十分重要。 目的：探讨亲属活体供肾移植中供者肾功能评估的指标。 方法：173例亲属活体肾移植供者年龄分成老年组(≥55岁)和中青年组(< 55岁),两组供者移植前血清肌酐、总肾小球滤过率、欲保留肾总肾小球滤过率、内生肌酐清除率、血尿素氮反应肾功能指标差异无显著性意义,分析比较移植前后肾功能各指标的变化。 结果与结论：与移植前比较,移植后10 d供者血清肌酐、血尿素氮增高,内生肌酐清除率降低(P < 0.01);移植后1个月留存肾脏总肾小球滤过率增加(P=0.000 0),但与移植前供者双肾比较下降。提示总肾小球滤过率可作为活体亲属肾移植供者肾功能评估的主要指标,但是仍应结合血清肌酐、内生肌酐清除率等指标综合分析。     

免疫抑制剂对肾移植术后新发糖尿病的影响

目的 探讨免疫抑制剂对肾移植术后新发糖尿病的影响.方法 对本院2004至2008年期间实施的同种异体肾移植患者资料进行回顾性分析,研究肾移植术后糖尿病发病情况,并按免疫抑制剂的不同分为环孢素A组和他克莫司两组,探讨不同免疫抑制剂对新发糖尿病的影响.结果 入选532例,新发糖尿病发生率6.0%(32/532).两组患者的年龄、性别、体质量、术前空腹血糖差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).他克莫司组糖尿病发病率[8.5%(20/236)]明显高于环孢素A组[4.1%(12/296)],P<0.05.结论 他克莫司可能与新发糖尿病有关.     

丙型肝炎病毒阳性受者肾移植后的安全性分析

背景:对于丙肝病毒阳性患者接受肾移植后安全性的问题是目前大家关注的热点.目的:丙型肝炎病毒感染者接受肾移植后临床观察及处理对策.方法:纳入22例患者,肾移植前肝炎病毒RNA均为阳性,其中14例患者肝功能轻度升高.移植后定期检测患者的肝、肾功能,积极防治可能的排斥反应.主要观察患者一般情况、肝、肾功能、肝炎病毒基因学情况及死亡率.结果与结论:移植后随访6～36个月,20例患者移植后4周～6个月内出现不同程度的肝功能异常,予护肝治疗后肝功能均恢复正常,1例移植后HCV-RNA 阳性患者,因自行改变抗排斥方案于移植后1.5年出现严重的肝功能衰竭而死亡;4例患者移植后应用干扰素和利巴韦林治疗,HCV-RNA转阴,其余18例患者HCV-RNA均呈阳性,需长期护肝治疗.表明,对丙肝病毒阳性受者,移植后应进行严格的随访,出现肝功能异常时,及时采取相应处理和护肝治疗.     

老年活体亲属供肾移植的安全性分析

目的 探讨老年活体亲属供肾移植供体、受体的围手术期并发症、疗效及安全性.方法 亲属活体供肾移植132例,分为老年供体组(≥55岁,43例)和中青年供体组(＜55岁,89例);对供受体的住院时间、手术前后血肌酐(SCr)、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、并发症以及受体的急性排斥反应率、人/肾存活率等进行比较分析.结果 2组供者术前SCr分别为(77.67±15.21)、(83.09±15.98)μmol/L,术后7 d分别为(109.54±22.32)、(106.56±23.46)μmol/L,均在正常范围内,2组间各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).术后3个月2组供者SCr分别为(112.57±20.87)、(104.29±19.43)μmol/L,与术前比较分别上升44.93%和25.51%,老年供体组比中青年供体组供者scr升高更明显.差异有统计学意义(P=0.0268).2组术前CCr分别为(1.63±0.34)、(1.56±0.25)ml/s,术后10 d分别为(0.83±0.29)、(1.11±0.27)ml/s.老年供体组术后3个月CCr为(0.97±0.10)ml/s,中青年供体组为(1.16±0.17)ml/s.2组手术前后CCr变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).老年供体组术后10 d的留存肾GFR为(36.58±13.26)ml/min,术后3个月增加至(52.31±12.74)ml/min,达到原双肾GFR[(73.01±20.96)ml/min]的71.65%.中青年供体组术后10 d GFR为(38.32±10.79)ml/min,术后3个月增至(56.31±12.95)m1/min,达到原双肾GFR[(78.34±20.98)ml/min]的71.88%.手术前后GFR变化差异均无统计学意义,P值均＞0.05.供者手术并发症包括术中脾脏包膜下血肿1例、降结肠破裂1例和切口脂肪液化5例.术前和术后各时间点2组受者SCr水平差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).2组供者平均住院时间分别为(13.2±3.4)和(12.8±2.6)d,P=0.4563.2组受者平均住院时间分别为(23.1±11.9)和(22.3士11.4)d,P=0.6991.老年供体组受者6个月内急性排斥反应发生率为4.7%(2/43),中青年供体组为7.9%(7/89).术后1年内2组各死亡1例,中青年供体组因急性排斥反应移植肾失功1例.结论 老年活体亲属供肾可能存在一定危险性,应予以重视,但供体年龄并非独立风险因素.在严格控制老年供者的纳入标准、对供者进行全面系统评估的情况下,老年供体活体肾移植的供体和受体围手术期并发症/疗效及安全性与中青年供体比较无明显差异.     

有限采样法估算霉酚酸药-时曲线下面积

 目的建立有限采样法估算霉酚酸药-时曲线下面积的模型。方法10例肾移植患者服用霉酚酸500mg,bid,达稳态后测定服药前和服药后0.25,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,10和12h的浓度,用SPSS软件采用多元线性回归分别拟合单个或2～4个采血点拟合有限采样法估算MPA曲线下面积的回归方程及相关系数。结果单点拟合的复相关系数均较低,2～4点拟合明显优于单点拟合,其中0,6,8和0,1,63点拟合的回归方程与实测AUC0～12的相关性较好,其复相关系数分别为0.961和0.943,两者平均估计误差分别为(0.91±8.59)%和(-14.38～6.59)%,绝对估计误差分别为(6.92±4.64)%和(1.13～27.54)%。结论本实验拟合的3点预测MPAAUC简化计算公式能较好地反映MPA药-时曲线下面积,适合应用于环孢素与MMF合用的中国肾移植受者的MPA治疗药物监测。     

西罗莫司在肾移植受者新发恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的 总结西罗莫司(SRL)在肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤患者中的临床应用经验.方法 对完成的2 000余例肾移植患者进行随访和统计,共发现在术后新发的恶性肿瘤15例,其中泌尿系统肿瘤6例(40%),呼吸系统肿瘤3例(20%),消化系统肿瘤3例(20%),卡波西肉瘤、子宫内膜癌和黑色素瘤各1例.在明确恶性肿瘤的诊断后,立即进行以SRL为主的免疫抑制方案的调整,并结合肿瘤的生物学特点再辅以手术和放化疗等治疗手段.结果 在所有15例新发恶性肿瘤患者的随访中,有10例一直维持较好的生存状态,并且定期复查肾功能情况稳定.而另外5例患者在发现后2~42个月内死亡,但移植肾功能未见明显变化,且死亡患者中以肺癌、肝癌和前列腺癌较多见.结论 在肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤患者中,使用以SRL为主的免疫抑制方案可以取得稳定的肾功能的基础上,同时可控制或缓解恶性肿瘤的进展,但新发肿瘤的生物学特点仍是决定患者生存的主要因素.     

肾移植术后带状疱疹治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗肾移植术后带状疱疹有效的方法.方法 中西医结合治疗组14例：口服阿昔洛韦0.4g,5次/d,强的松片15mg早晨顿服,加服中药龙胆泻肝汤加减.对照组13例：口服阿昔洛韦0.4g,5次/d,强的松片15mg早晨顿服.结果 中西医结合治疗组14例中中痊愈13例,痊愈率92.85%,临床有效率100%.对照组13例中痊愈10例,痊愈率76.92%,临床有效率84%.结论 中西医结合治疗方法可缩短疗程,治愈率高,减少后遗症神经痛的发生率.     

老年活体供肾移植术后供者安全性及受者移植效果的分析

Objective To investigate the safety for donors and the effectiveness for recipients of living-related donor (LRD) kidney transplantation from elder donors. Methods 251 cases of LRD kidney transplantation were reviewed. According to the age of LRDs, the patients were divided into 2 groups:≥55 years group (group A) and <55 years (group B). The parameters studied included serum creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine clearance (Ccr), perioperative complications, average hospital stay, and acute rejection rate of LRDs and recipients were compared. Results (1)There was no significant difference in serum Cr between groups A and B at different time points (P>0.05). (2)There was no significant difference in Ccr between two groups pre-donation (P = 0.45). But at the 10th day after the donor nephrectomy, Ccr level in group A was significant lower than in group B (P<0.01). (3)Total GFR pre-donation, remaining renal GFR, and remaining renal GFR on the day 10 after donation had no significant difference in both groups A and B (P>0.05). Remaining renal GFR on the day 10 before and after donation had no significant difference in group A (P>0.05), but on the day 10 after donation that was significantly increased in group B as compared with that pre-donation (P<0.01). (4) The serum Cr of recipients at different time points after transplantation had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). (5) The mean hospital stay after donation of LRDs and recipients had no significant difference between two groups. (6) The incidence of recipients" acute rejection was 6.50 % (5/77) in group A, and 5.75%(10/174) in group B within 6 months after operation (P = 0.95). Conclusion Transplantations performed from the elderly donors will yield similar results from younger donors if the eider donors are evaluated or assessed as the standards.     

老年活体供肾移植术后供者安全性及受者移植效果的分析

Objective To investigate the safety for donors and the effectiveness for recipients of living-related donor (LRD) kidney transplantation from elder donors. Methods 251 cases of LRD kidney transplantation were reviewed. According to the age of LRDs, the patients were divided into 2 groups:≥55 years group (group A) and <55 years (group B). The parameters studied included serum creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine clearance (Ccr), perioperative complications, average hospital stay, and acute rejection rate of LRDs and recipients were compared. Results (1)There was no significant difference in serum Cr between groups A and B at different time points (P>0.05). (2)There was no significant difference in Ccr between two groups pre-donation (P = 0.45). But at the 10th day after the donor nephrectomy, Ccr level in group A was significant lower than in group B (P<0.01). (3)Total GFR pre-donation, remaining renal GFR, and remaining renal GFR on the day 10 after donation had no significant difference in both groups A and B (P>0.05). Remaining renal GFR on the day 10 before and after donation had no significant difference in group A (P>0.05), but on the day 10 after donation that was significantly increased in group B as compared with that pre-donation (P<0.01). (4) The serum Cr of recipients at different time points after transplantation had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). (5) The mean hospital stay after donation of LRDs and recipients had no significant difference between two groups. (6) The incidence of recipients" acute rejection was 6.50 % (5/77) in group A, and 5.75%(10/174) in group B within 6 months after operation (P = 0.95). Conclusion Transplantations performed from the elderly donors will yield similar results from younger donors if the eider donors are evaluated or assessed as the standards.