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排序方式: 共有475条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Joost Oude Groeniger Willem de Koster Jeroen van der Waal Johan P. Mackenbach Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis Frank J. van Lenthe 《Sociology of health & illness》2020,42(7):1497-1515
A widely used indicator for cultural class is strongly related to a lower body mass index (BMI): cultural capital measured as ‘highbrow' taste. This study’s objective was to theorise and measure aspects of cultural class that are more plausibly linked to low BMI, and subsequently explore their relevance. Building on Bourdieusian theory we derive four of those aspects: ‘refinement’ (valuing form and appearance over function and substance), ‘asceticism’ (self-imposed constraints), ‘diversity’ (appreciation of variety in and of itself) and ‘reflexivity’ (reflexive deliberation and internal dialogue). Using standardised interviews with 597 participants in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2016, we subsequently demonstrate: (i) newly developed survey items can reliably measure four aspects of cultural class: ‘asceticism’, ‘general refinement’, ‘food refinement’ and ‘reflexivity’ (Cronbach’s alphas between 0.67–0.77); (ii) embodied/objectified cultural capital (i.e. ‘highbrow’ taste) was positively associated with general refinement, food refinement and reflexivity, whereas institutionalised cultural capital (i.e. education) was positively associated with asceticism and reflexivity; (iii) asceticism, general refinement, reflexivity, but not food refinement, were associated with a lower BMI; (iv) asceticism, general refinement and reflexivity together accounted for 52% of the association between embodied/objectified cultural capital and BMI, and 38% of the association between institutionalised cultural capital and BMI. 相似文献
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Subcutaneous immunotherapy suppresses Th2 inflammation and induces neutralizing antibodies,but sublingual immunotherapy suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in grass pollen mouse models for allergic asthma 下载免费PDF全文
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G. J. Sturm E.‐M. Varga G. Roberts H. Mosbech M. B. Bilò C. A. Akdis D. Antolín‐Amérigo E. Cichocka‐Jarosz R. Gawlik T. Jakob M. Kosnik J. Lange E. Mingomataj D. I. Mitsias M. Ollert J. N. G. Oude Elberink O. Pfaar C. Pitsios V. Pravettoni F. Ruëff B. A. Sin I. Agache E. Angier S. Arasi M. A. Calderón M. Fernandez‐Rivas S. Halken M. Jutel S. Lau G. B. Pajno R. van Ree D. Ryan O. Spranger R. G. van Wijk S. Dhami H. Zaman A. Sheikh A. Muraro 《Allergy》2018,73(4):744-764
Hymenoptera venom allergy is a potentially life‐threatening allergic reaction following a honeybee, vespid, or ant sting. Systemic‐allergic sting reactions have been reported in up to 7.5% of adults and up to 3.4% of children. They can be mild and restricted to the skin or moderate to severe with a risk of life‐threatening anaphylaxis. Patients should carry an emergency kit containing an adrenaline autoinjector, H1‐antihistamines, and corticosteroids depending on the severity of their previous sting reaction(s). The only treatment to prevent further systemic sting reactions is venom immunotherapy. This guideline has been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Taskforce on Venom Immunotherapy as part of the EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy initiative. The guideline aims to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the use of venom immunotherapy, has been informed by a formal systematic review and meta‐analysis and produced using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) approach. The process included representation from a range of stakeholders. Venom immunotherapy is indicated in venom‐allergic children and adults to prevent further moderate‐to‐severe systemic sting reactions. Venom immunotherapy is also recommended in adults with only generalized skin reactions as it results in significant improvements in quality of life compared to carrying an adrenaline autoinjector. This guideline aims to give practical advice on performing venom immunotherapy. Key sections cover general considerations before initiating venom immunotherapy, evidence‐based clinical recommendations, risk factors for adverse events and for relapse of systemic sting reaction, and a summary of gaps in the evidence. 相似文献
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Matheus H.L. Arts Carolien E.M. Benraad Denise Hanssen Peter Hilderink Linda de Jonge Paul Naarding Peter Lucassen Richard C. Oude Voshaar 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(9):1150-1155
ObjectivesTo examine the level of frailty and somatic comorbidity in older patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and compare this to patients with medically explained symptoms (MES).DesignCross-sectional, comparative study.SettingCommunity, primary care, and secondary healthcare to recruit patients with MUS in various developmental and severity stages and primary care to recruit patients with MES.ParticipantsIn total, 118 patients with MUS and 154 patients with MES, all aged ≥60 years.MethodsFrailty was assessed according to the Fried criteria (gait speed, handgrip strength, unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, and low physical activity), somatic comorbidity according to the self-report Charlson comorbidity index, and the number of prescribed medications.ResultsAlthough patients with MUS had less physical comorbidity compared with patients with MES, they were prescribed the same number of medications. Moreover, patients with MUS were more often frail compared with patients with MES. Among patients with MUS, physical frailty was associated with the severity of unexplained symptoms, the level of hypochondriacal beliefs, and the level of somatisation.Conclusions and implicationsDespite a lower prevalence of overt somatic diseases, patients with MUS are more frail compared with older patients with MES. These results suggest that at least in some patients age-related phenomena might be erroneously classified as MUS, which may affect treatment strategy. 相似文献
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In recent years, few fields in medicine have witnessed discoveries as momentous as those pertaining to the liver. Dramatic advances have been made, particularly in the areas of molecular biology and genetics. A joint EASL/AASLD Monothematic Conference was held on June 23rd-24th, 2006, in Modena, Italy, to bring the latest breakthroughs in different fields of genetics to hepatologists. This article reports the highlights of the conference and summarizes the main conclusions and implications for clinical and experimental hepatology. 相似文献
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Axel R. Concepcion January T. Salas Elena Sáez Sarai Sarvide Alex Ferrer Ainhoa Portu Iker Uriarte Sandra Hervás-Stubbs Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink Jesús Prieto Juan F. Medina 《Oncotarget》2015,6(30):28588-28606
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic disease of unknown etiopathogenesis showing progressive autoimmune-mediated cholangitis. In PBC patients, the liver and lymphocytes exhibit diminished expression of AE2/SLC4A2, a Cl−/HCO3− anion exchanger involved in biliary bicarbonate secretion and intracellular pH regulation. Decreased AE2 expression may be pathogenic as Ae2a,b−/− mice reproduce hepatobiliary and immunological features resembling PBC. To understand the role of AE2 deficiency for autoimmunity predisposition we focused on the phenotypic changes of T cells that occur over the life-span of Ae2a,b−/− mice. At early ages (1-9 months), knockout mice had reduced numbers of intrahepatic T cells, which exhibited increased activation, programmed-cell-death (PD)-1 expression, and apoptosis. Moreover, young knockouts had upregulated PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) on bile-duct cells, and administration of neutralizing anti-PD-L1 antibodies prevented their intrahepatic T-cell deletion. Older (≥10 months) knockouts, however, showed intrahepatic accumulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with downregulated PD-1 and diminished apoptosis. In-vitro DNA demethylation with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine partially reverted PD-1 downregulation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells from aged knockouts. Conclusion: Early in life, AE2 deficiency results in intrahepatic T-cell activation and PD-1/PD-L1 mediated deletion. With aging, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells epigenetically suppress PD-1, and their consequential expansion and further activation favor autoimmune cholangitis. 相似文献
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Synbiotics‐supplemented amino acid‐based formula supports adequate growth in cow's milk allergic infants 下载免费PDF全文
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Oude Nijhuis CS Daenen SM Vellenga E van der Graaf WT Gietema JA Groen HJ Kamps WA de Bont ES 《Critical reviews in oncology/hematology》2002,44(2):163-174
Cancer patients treated with chemotherapy are susceptible to bacterial infections. Therefore, all neutropenic cancer patients with fever receive standard therapy consisting of broad-spectrum antibiotics and hospitalization. However, febrile neutropenia in cancer patients is often due to other causes than bacterial infections. Therefore, standard therapy should be re-evaluated and new treatment strategies for patients with variable risk for bacterial infection should be considered. This paper reviews the changing spectrum of microorganisms and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics in infection during neutropenia and discusses new strategies for the selection of patients with low-risk for bacterial infection using clinical and biochemical parameters such as acute phase proteins and cytokines. These low-risk patients may be treated with alternative therapies such as oral antibiotics, early discharge from the hospital or outpatient treatment. 相似文献